47 results about "Z-pinch" patented technology

A non-radio-isotopic radiological source using a dense plasma focus (DPF) to produce an intense z-pinch plasma from a gas, such as helium, and which accelerates charged particles, such as generated from the gas or injected from an external source, into a target positioned along an acceleration axis and of a type known to emit ionizing radiation when impinged by the type of accelerated charged particles. In a preferred embodiment, helium gas is used to produce a DPF-accelerated He2+ ion beam to a beryllium target, to produce neutron emission having a similar energy spectra as a radio-isotopic AmBe neutron source. Furthermore, multiple DPFs may be stacked to provide staged acceleration of charged particles for enhancing energy, tenability, and control of the source.

A method and apparatus for producing soft x-ray laser radiation based on z-pinch compression of a rotating low pressure plasma column are disclosed. A rotating, low pressure plasma column is created by electric discharge or by laser excitation inside a containment tube. Rotation of the plasma may be induced by viscous drag caused by rotation of the tube, or by magnetically driven rotation of the plasma as it is created in a plasma gun in the presence of an axial magnetic field, or both. A high power electrical discharge is then passed axially through the rotating plasma column to produce a rapidly rising axial current, resulting in z-pinch compression of the rotating plasma column radially inwardly with resultant stimulated emission of soft x-ray radiation in the axial direction. A rotating containment tube used in combination with magnetically driven rotation of the plasma column results in a concave electron density profile that in turn results in reduced wall ablation and also reduced refraction losses of the resultant soft x-rays.

A capillary discharging X ray laser device adopting the blumlein line and eliminating intrinsic pre-pulse relates to the capillary discharging X ray laser technical field. The invention solves defects that the intrinsic pre-pulse voltage can burn through vessel wall when a Blumlein transmission line is used between the existing Marx generator and the loads (capillary). The output end of a rapid high voltage electric pulse Marx generator (1) is connected with the input end of an intrinsic pulse insulation switch (4) through a main switch (2) and a Blumlein transmission line (3), the output end of the intrinsic pulse insulation switch (4) and one end of an insulation inductor (6) are connected with the electric pulse input end of the capillary and an X ray test assembly (7), another end of the insulation inductor (6) is connected with the output end of a pre-pulse generator (5). The invention prevents the intrinsic pre-pulse voltage of the Blumlein transmission line is passed, so the harm of the capillary wall ablation and the destroy of Z-pinch plasma are eliminated, so the invention can effectively output the laser.

The invention discloses a self-adapting typed Z-pinch wire matrix load and its preparing method. Fixing connecting spring, support bar, key-groove and key-bar etc. between the asistant location plateand localizer of the wire matrix load makes the wire matrix load automatically adapt change of space between electrodes of target. The invention solves several issues of the wire matrix load preferably such as deformation, difficult to install and improves performance of electric contact between load wire and localizer. It is convenient for assembly, adjustment, storage and transport of the wire matrix load.

A fusible target is embedded in a high Z liner, ohmically heated and then shock wave heated by implosion of an enveloping high Z liner. The target is adiabatically heated by compression, fusibly ignited and charged-particle heated as it is being ignited. A shock front forms as the liner implodes which shock front detaches from the more slowly moving liner, collides with the outer surface of the target, accelerates inward, rapidly heating the target, adiabatically compressing the target and liner and amplifying the current to converge the liner mass toward a central axis thereby compressing the target to a fusion condition when it begins to ignite and produce charged particles. The charged particles are trapped in a large magnetic field surrounding the target. The energy of the charged particles is deposited into the target to further heat the target to produce an energy gain.

The invention discloses a Z-pinch driven fusion-fission hybrid energy reactor. The Z-pinch driven fusion-fission hybrid energy reactor comprises a Z-pinch inertial confinement fusion reactor core, a subcritical fission cladding and energy output system, and a tritium production cladding and deuterium-tritium circulation system. The fusion reactor core comprises a fusion load, fusion targets, a fusion driver and a fusion target chamber supporting continuous operation of fusion. The subcritical fission cladding and energy output system comprises a subcritical cladding, a cooling loop, a steam generator and a voltage stabilizer. The tritium production cladding and deuterium-tritium circulation system comprises a tritium production cladding, a reactor core residual tritium recovery system and an out-of-reactor tritium factory. According to the Z-pinch driven fusion-fission hybrid energy reactor, the inertial confinement fusion reactor core scheme based on the integrated ignition technology is high in realizability and reliable in performance, depleted uranium and thorium can be fully utilized, and therefore the fission resource utilization efficiency is improved; the whole fusion-fission hybrid energy reactor is reasonable and balanced in design, the subcritical cladding is driven through the Z-pinch fusion reactor core, and long-term sufficient clean electrical energy can be provided.

Radionuclides are produced with a pulsed neutron flux from a multiple repetition rate staged Z-pinch machine, the pulsed neutron flux is moderated, an activatable radionuclide precursor is exposed to the moderated pulsed neutron flux, and a corresponding radionuclide from the activatable radionuclide precursor is produced. High current pulses are passed through a target plasma of fusible material enclosed in a cylindrical liner plasma composed of a high-Z plasma to generate a magnetic field that compresses the liner plasma, and generates shock waves. The shock implodes the target plasma. The shock front propagates between an outer shock front and an axis of the target plasma so it is heated through shock dissipation and by adiabatic compression due to an imploding shock front produced in the outer liner plasma to fuse light nuclei and generate alpha particles and neutrons. Alpha particles trapped within the magnetic field further heat the target plasma.

A configuration of two opposed electrodes with conical depressions and symmetry around an axis along which there is an applied steady magnetic field, is supplied with a pulsed voltage and current to create an azimuthally very uniform pre-ionization cylinder of a working gas as a precursor to stable and accurate compression of the working gas into a Z-pinch plasma photon source or plasma target for laser-pumped photon sources. A further compound hollow electrode configuration permits the generation of a cool, dense, core plasma surrounded and compressed by a hot liner plasma. Modulation of the radial density profile within this core can provide optical guiding for a laser-pumped recombination laser.

A method and apparatus for producing soft x-ray laser radiation. A low pressure plasma column is created by electric discharge or by laser excitation inside a rotating containment tube. Rotation of the plasma is induced by viscous drag caused by rotation of the tube, or by magnetically driven rotation of the plasma as it is created in a plasma gun in the presence of an axial magnetic field, or both. A high power electrical discharge is then passed axially through the rotating plasma column to produce a rapidly rising axial current, resulting in z-pinch compression of the rotating plasma column, with resultant stimulated emission of soft x-ray radiation in the axial direction. A rotating containment tube used in combination with magnetically driven rotation of the plasma column results in a concave electron density profile that results in reduced wall ablation and also reduced refraction losses of the soft x-rays.

The invention discloses a generation method and device of a Z-pinch shell plasma column. The device comprises a vacuum plasma target chamber, a pulse current generator, an annular laser spot generation device and a digit delay generator, wherein a load high-voltage electrode and a load ground electrode matched with the load high-voltage electrode are installed inside the vacuum plasma target chamber; a hole is formed in the load ground electrode; a transparent window is formed in the wall of the vacuum plasma target chamber; the load high-voltage electrode, the hole in the load ground electrode and the transparent window are coaxially arranged; the pulse current generator and the input end of the annular laser spot generation device are connected with the digit delay generator; the output end of the pulse current generator is connected with the load high-voltage electrode; a light outlet of the annular laser spot generation device and the transparent window are coaxially arranged. The method and device avoid an uneven structure and the like of a guide plasma caused in the process of forming the shell plasma column through cold and solid materials, and at the same time, the load structure is simpler, installation is convenient, and parameters are adjusted conveniently.

The invention provides a fusion reaction hot spot area proton imaging method, a calibration device and an experiment device. The protons generated by a fusion reaction hot spot area are imaged by a minisize magnetic quadrupole lens made of a permanent magnet, and the hot spot compression state information can be obtained. The method includes four steps of the calibration of the proton imaging minisize magnetic quadrupole lens in the calibration device, the adjustment of the object distance and the image distance of the minisize magnetic quadrupole lens in the experiment device, equivalent optical lens collimation, and online experiment diagnosis. The fusion reaction hot spot area proton imaging method is suitable for the diagnosis of fusion reaction hot spot area shapes in laser driving inertial confinement fusion, plasma discharge neutron source, Z-pinch or other devices. The imaging method can perform direction imaging on proton sources without coding and decoding, and no digital noises are introduced. Compared with a coding imaging method, the fusion reaction hot spot area proton imaging method has a larger reception solid angle and can achieve the same spatial resolution under the condition of proton yield one or two orders of magnitude lower.

The invention relates to a multi-spark extremely high-speed digital imaging system. The system consists of an illumination unit, an optical system unit, a synchronous control unit and an image recording unit. The illumination unit can generate a timing array spot light source through electro-optical deflection; a multi-channel high-resolution time delay synchronous control unit can achieve the accurate trigger of the light source, a target, an image sensor and an image acquisition card; and the image recording unit can acquire the CCD (charge coupled device) charge images of the target through a common commercial CCD camera in a frame delay readout manner. The multi-spark extremely high-speed digital imaging system can acquire 8 to 16 digital images (designed according to the number configuration of the spot light sources) at an extremely high frame frequency of ten billion amplitudes / seconds, and can be widely used in the flow visualization and photogrammetry of the nanosecond and sub-nanosecond transient processes, such as the studies on the high-voltage discharge, laser-supported plasma detonation wave evolution process, Z-pinch inertial confinement fusion technology and the like.

The invention discloses an anti-pinch system for a back door of an automobile and a control method thereof. An anti-pinch control module of the system can output a control signal to a back door lifting motor for controlling the back door to lift, and the anti-pinch control module is further connected with a vehicle body controller through a CAN (controller area network) bus and also connected with a back door control switch and a hall sensor for detecting whether an object is pinched or not. According to the system and the control method thereof, the back door can be effectively controlled, the anti-pinch system further has an anti-pinch function and an alarm prompt measure; and the system further has a motor protection function, so that the service life of the system is effectively prolonged.

Various mechanisms are provided relating to plasma-based light source that may be used for lithography as well as other applications. For example, a device is disclosed for producing extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light based on a sheared plasma flow. The device can produce a plasma pinch that can last several orders of magnitude longer than what is typically sustained in a Z-pinch, thus enabling the device to provide more power output than what has been hitherto predicted in theory or attained in practice. Such power output may be used in a lithography system for manufacturing integrated circuits, enabling the use of EUV wavelengths on the order of about 13.5 nm. Lastly, the process of manufacturing such a plasma pinch is discussed, where the process includes providing a sheared flow of plasma in order to stabilize it for long periods of time.

The invention provides a method for generating dozens of megampere pulse currents and a z-pinch direct drive source. The drive source comprises a primary pulse power source (thousands of fast discharge branch circuits are connected in parallel), a high-voltage transmission cable, a water medium electromagnetic induction chamber, a secondary MITL (Magnetically Insulated Transmission Line) and a z-pinch load, wherein the secondary MITL is formed by connecting multi-stage induction chambers in series; the z-pinch load is located on an axis; thousands of primary discharge branch circuits are located at the peripheries of the induction chambers and are divided into dozens of groups; the primary discharge branch circuits discharge rapidly to directly obtain an electric pulse with a leading edge of 100-200 ns, a voltage of 100-200 kV and a current of 30-50 kA. Currents of the thousands of branch circuits are transmitted and gathered on cable interfaces, which are uniformly distributed at the peripheries of the induction chambers, of dozens of I-shaped tri-plate transmission lines through the cable; the currents are gathered to the induction chambers for primary excitation through the tri-plate transmission lines; and the current gathering is realized through electromagnetic induction. Multi-stage induction chambers are connected in series to form an IVA (Induction Voltage Adder); the MITL is employed for a secondary stage of the IVA to realize voltage superimposition and power transmission; an ultra-high power electric pulse with a voltage of dozens of MV, a current of dozens of MA and a leading edge of 100-200 ns is generated on the Z-pinch load of the axis, and the requirement of a drive current of a Z-pinch ICF (Inertial Confinement Fusion) is met.

The electric vs. mechanic bi-directional power conversion application has been traditionally and asymmetrically favoring at magnetic element as energy caching and buffering bridge, e.g. the electric motors and generators that are also abstracted as electromechanical devices. The theory behind electromechanical devices is electrodynamics. Based on the fast development of high energy density dielectric materials, my inventions are to be a game changer: let electrical field alone to take the heavy duty of electromechanical utilities, and let “dielectrodynamics” replace electrodynamics. Of the most importance is the key limitless high voltage generator, which can cover full gamut of voltages from volts to kilovolts (KV), megavolts (MV), gigavolts (GV), teravolts (TV), and whatever we need, just provided necessary space occupancy and mechanic work are secured to assist dielectric piston or blades displacement. As the nature of such an electric power supply, it is fit for pulse application, such as Z-pinch, particle accelerator, nuclear ignition, fusion reactor, ornithopter etc. Civil application is also possible, such as harvest wind power, pulse heating even with overunity and so on, but regular non-pulse application needs further power smoothing or conversion.It is the time of saying bye to Marx generator, rare earth magnetic materials, mile-size accelerator, country-size neutron spallation system and more, just cheerfully to embrace the epoch of powerful inexhaustible fusion energy and magnetic-free dielectrodynamic utilities.

Radionuclides are produced with a pulsed neutron flux from a multiple repetition rate staged Z-pinch machine, the pulsed neutron flux is moderated, an activatable radionuclide precursor is exposed to the moderated pulsed neutron flux, and a corresponding radionuclide from the activatable radionuclide precursor is produced. High current pulses are passed through a target plasma of fusible material enclosed in a cylindrical liner plasma composed of a high-Z plasma to generate a magnetic field that compresses the liner plasma, and generates shock waves. The shock implodes the target plasma. The shock front propagates between an outer shock front and an axis of the target plasma so it is heated through shock dissipation and by adiabatic compression due to an imploding shock front produced in the outer liner plasma to fuse light nuclei and generate alpha particles and neutrons. Alpha particles trapped within the magnetic field further heat the target plasma.

Various mechanisms are provided relating to plasma-based light source that may be used for lithography as well as other applications. For example, a device is disclosed for producing extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light based on a sheared plasma flow. The device can produce a plasma pinch that can last several orders of magnitude longer than what is typically sustained in a Z-pinch, thus enabling the device to provide more power output than what has been hitherto predicted in theory or attained in practice. Such power output may be used in a lithography system for manufacturing integrated circuits, enabling the use of EUV wavelengths on the order of about 13.5 nm. Lastly, the process of manufacturing such a plasma pinch is discussed, where the process includes providing a sheared flow of plasma in order to stabilize it for long periods of time.

A UV light source in which Xenon (Xe) gas is mixed with a substance which, in the temperature range in which 10-valent Xe ions (Xe10+) occur, emits a number of free electrons from a molecule or an atom that at least half the number of electrons which are released from a Xe atom, and which at room temperature is molecular or atomic (for example Ar, Kr, Ne, N2 and NH3). A high voltage is applied in a pulse-like manner to the electrode on the ground side and the electrode on the high voltage side to produce a plasma with a high temperature and from which extreme UV light with a wavelength of 13.5 nm is formed and emitted. The invention can also be used an extreme UV light source of the capillary, plasma focus, and Z pinch types for example.

The invention relates to a Z-pinching load structure with a positive polarity radial electric field. The Z-pinching load structure has a different load negative electrode structure from the traditional load structure. The Z-pinching load structure is improved on the basis of the conventional load negative electrode with the cylindrical structure; the load negative electrode structure is changed into a column-barrel-shaped structure which extends towards a positive electrode; after the load negative electrode is changed into the column-barrel-shaped structure, the radial electric field on the surface of metal wires is mainly affected by the load negative electrode; and the load negative electrode is lower in potential, so that the direction of the radial electric field is changed into the direction from the surface of the metal wires to the load negative electrode so as to restrain the electron emission on the surface of the metal wires in the early period, slow down the formation of corona plasma, prolong the ohmic heating time of the current in the interior of the metal wires, and weaken the adverse influences on the implosion process and even the X-ray radiation from the nuclear-coronal structure.

The invention relates to an imaging system for realizing multiple energy point spectrum resolution on the extreme ultraviolet band and an application of the imaging system. The imaging system comprises a plurality of main mirrors and an auxiliary mirror; all the main mirrors are arranged in a circle; the auxiliary mirror is arranged on an axis of the circle; one channel is formed by combination of each main mirror and the auxiliary mirror; and one image is formed in each channel for the same object. Light emitted from the object is reflected via each main mirror, then is irradiated to the auxiliary mirror, and finally is reflected by the auxiliary mirror to form a plurality of images with a number as the same as the number of the main mirrors. The imaging system is applied to imaging of plasma of a Z-pinch device; plasma images, of ultraviolet band, with multiple energy point and high spectrum resolution can be acquired in one-step imaging; and research on an evolutionary process of the plasma at different temperatures along with time is facilitated. Compared with the prior art, the imaging system has the advantages of multiple energy point imaging, high light concentrated efficiency, high spectrum resolution and the like.

The invention discloses a thin-wall fusion target chamber for a Z-pinch driven fusion-fission hybrid power reactor and belongs to the field of a nuclear reactor device. The thin-wall fusion target chamber comprises a target chamber enclosed by a plasma facing first wall. The inner wall surface of the plasma facing first wall is provided with a thermal ablation protective layer; the target chamber is in a ball-shaped housing structure; the upper end of the target chamber is provided with a refueling (target) channel opening, and the lower end is provided with a waste-removing channel opening; the ball-shaped housing structure carries out segmentation on a plurality of faces passing the three points of the center of the refuelingchannel opening, the center of the ball-shaped housing structure and the center of the waste-removing channel opening to form a plurality of structure units; the ball-shaped housing structure of the target chamber is formed by splicing the plurality of structure units; and the cross section of each structure unit is in arc shape which protrudes to the inner portion of the target chamber. The target chamber designed in the invention can deal with the thermodynamic impact and mechanical impact produced during the fusion reaction, and can meet the Z-FFR neutron physics performance requirements.

The invention discloses a pulse plasma thruster based on a Z-PINCH non-sparking plug. The pulse plasma thruster comprises a cathode, a solid propellant and an anode which are arranged between the baseand an outer-layer insulator in sequence, wherein the cathode is of a disc-type structure, the anode is of a conical structure, the cathode and the anode are arranged at the two ends of the solid propellant respectively, and the outer-layer insulator sleeves outside the solid propellant and is connected with the base. A sparking plug is not needed, so that the ignition and discharging integrationof the propellant is realized, and the ignition voltage is reduced; a spring does not need to be used for supplying the propellant, and no movable part is arranged, so that the structure is simple; and due to the unique structural design, the utilization efficiency of the propellant can be effectively improved, and the push-to-power ratio is higher; and the size is not specially limited.

The invention relates to a multichannel normal-incidence electrode ultraviolet imaging objective lens and application thereof. The objective lens comprises an auxiliary lens and a plurality of main lenses, the main lenses are arranged on the same circumference, the auxiliary lens is arranged on the axis of the circumference, each main lens forms a channel with the auxiliary lens jointly, each channel forms an image of a same object, and light emitted from the object irradiates to the auxiliary lens after being reflected through the main lenses and forms multiple images identical with the main lenses in number after being reflected by the auxiliary lens. The objective lens is used with a framing camera and used for space-time resolution diagnosis imaging of Z-pinch light sources at plasma state. During use, the framing camera is used as a detector of multiple images obtained by the objective lens, and multiple images obtained by the multichannel objective lens for the same object respectively correspond to one time moment, and time resolution is realized. Compared with the prior art, high-luminance high-resolution space-time resolution imaging can be realized.

A propulsion motor is provided to motor and processes, which combined are the nanostructured materials in all motor structures (17, 17A, 18), applied to the reaction room (16), applied to exhaust vessel (13, 14, 15) and in their details, parts of trigger system (1), applied to reaction vessel (2), all with the intention to become less massive, more mechanical resistant, applied to some processes like z-pinch (2, 4, 4A, 4B), high flux compression generator (4, 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D), using ultra super capacitors (4), conductors nanotubes (4A) as well as some parts of CPA laser (2), all with the intention to become less massive, more mechanical resistant and adequate to each situation.

A patterned beam of radiation is projected onto a substrate. A reflective optical element is used to help form the radiation beam from radiation emitted from a plasma region of a plasma source. In the plasma source, a plasma current is generated in the plasma region. To reduce damage to the reflective optical element, a magnetic field is applied in the plasma region with at least a component directed along a direction of the plasma current. This axial magnetic field helps limit the collapse of the Z-pinch region of the plasma. By limiting the collapse, the number of fast ions emitted may be reduced.

A serial inkjet printer includes a recording head having a plurality of nozzles between which a pitch is X inches, a carriage, a first roller pair, and a second roller pair. The first roller pair is configured to move a medium at an upstream side of a conveyance direction of the medium relative to the recording head, and includes a drive roller with a hollow structure and a driven roller. A circumferential length Y of the drive roller is 2 to 4 inches. When a length along the conveyance direction of a row formed by the nozzles is Z inches, Y is greater than Z. While repeating scanning of the recording head and conveying of the medium, recording is performed in band units at a printing speed of 20 to 30 ipm, and stop error precision of the medium during conveyance is X / 2 inches or less.

The invention discloses a modular type fusion-and-fission hybrid reactor cladding fuel section based on Z pinch driving. A fusion target driving mechanism is arranged at the top end of each fuel section body, a target recycling area is arranged at the bottom end of each fuel section body, the fuel section is divided into the multiple fuel section bodies in the annular direction, and each fuel section body is axially provided with three independent modules which include the trapezoid-table upper-end module located at the upper portion, the cuboid middle module located in the middle and the trapezoid-table lower-end module located at the lower portion. Cooling water pipes of the upper-end modules are arranged to be in transverse-S shapes, cooling water pipes of the lower-end modules are arranged to be in transverse-S shapes, cooling water pipes of the middle modules are axially arranged, an engineering passage is arranged at the outer end of the fuel section and is in a vertically-through type, and the upper end and the lower end of the engineering passage are communicated with the middle section of a double-layer safe shell. Based on Z pinch inertial confinement fusion driving, the defects of the complex structure, the limited available space and the poor hybrid reactor cladding engineering reliability caused by a Tokamak magnetic confinement device are overcome, and long-time stable energy output is achieved.

The invention discloses an anti-pinch force testing method of an electric car window in a car door anti-pinch system. The anti-pinch force testing method includes step 1, checking and recording (also called inspecting) whether testing conditions and testing equipment are normal or not, especially whether the anti-pinch door window has anti-pinch action or not and whether values indicated by a force meter can be reset or not; step 2, uniformly selecting three points on the car window as testing points, and measuring three times on each testing point, namely measuring nine times in total. By the anti-pinch force testing method, factors like positions, steps, data processing and result judgment of anti-pinch force testing are standardized, so that operability and specificity in testing are realized; system errors are avoided in testing results as much as possible, so that an anti-pinch function of the anti-pinch system is reflected more objectively.

A non-radio-isotopic radiological source using a dense plasma focus (DPF) to produce an intense z-pinch plasma from a gas, such as helium, and which accelerates charged particles, such as generated from the gas or injected from an external source, into a target positioned along an acceleration axis and of a type known to emit ionizing radiation when impinged by the type of accelerated charged particles. In a preferred embodiment, helium gas is used to produce a DPF-accelerated He2+ ion beam to a beryllium target, to produce neutron emission having a similar energy spectrum as a radio-isotopic AmBe neutron source. Furthermore, multiple DPFs may be stacked to provide staged acceleration of charged particles for enhancing energy, tunability, and control of the source.