114 results about "Marx generator" patented technology

A portable X-ray unit, of a relatively light-weight, occoping a volume of less then one-half a cubic foot containing an x-ray head assembly, a unique Marx generator, a plurality of spark-gap switches and control electronics is disclosed. The Marx generator allows for the development of a relatively high voltage in excess of 100 kV, yet allows for the discharge thereof within the nanosecond range. The Marx generator is enclosed by an acrylic insulator that cooperates with an aluminum enclosure, which functions as a return current path for the capacitors in the Marx generator and also as a shield against the escape of electromagnetic radiation from the pulsed x-ray unit. The Marx generator and spark-gap switches are confined within the pressurized chamber that may contain nitrogen gas to reduce the separation of the gap in the spark-gap switches.

An apparatus having one or more modular stages for producing voltage and current pulses. Each module includes a diode charging means to charge a capacitive means that stores energy. One or more charging impedance means are connected to the diode charging means to provide a return current pathway. A solid-state switch discharge means, with current interruption capability, is connected to the capacitive means to discharge stored energy. Finally, a control means is provided to command the switching action of the solid-state switch discharge means.

A high-voltage bipolar rectangular pulse generator using a high efficiency solid-state boosting front-end and an H-bridge output stage is described. The topology of the circuit generates rectangular pulses with fast rise time and allows easy step-up input voltage. In addition, the circuit is able to adjust positive or negative pulse width, dead-time between two pulses, and operating frequency. The intended application for such circuit is algae cell membrane rupture for oil extraction, although additional applications include biotechnology and plasma sciences medicine, and food industry.

The invention discloses a switch and capacitor integrated quick discharge unit. Two capacitors and a switch arranged between the two capacitors form a coaxial structure; a high-voltage electrode (2; 12) is led from a capacitor and is simultaneously used as the high-voltage electrode of a gas switch; and the capacitors and the switch commonly share one insulating shell. By adopting the discharge unit, under the same energy storage condition, the module dimension and the branch inductance can be reduced obviously; the output current can be improved; the boosting time can be reduced; the discharge current peak can be improved, the pulse current front can be shortened, and the switch and capacitor integrated quick discharge unit has wide application in pulse power primary energy storage Marx generators and linear pulse transformer driving sources.

The invention relates to a Marx generator with a compact structure. In the generator, a charging power supply and a preceding-stage triggering source are installed in an integrated method and are positioned in a front-end metal barrel connected with an external barrel so that a size of the generator is reduced and operation complexity is reduced effectively. Insulating bodies are arranged between capacitors so that on a basis that effective insulating distances are ensured, inter-capacitor space is reduced and the size of the generator is reduced. Through cooperation of an internal barrel, a grounding-end insulating plate, an output-end insulating plate and an output positioning electrode, a switch rail and the capacitors are fixed at the center of the generator. In the Marx generator with the compact structure, structural design and electromagnetic shielding are focused on and parts of the minitype Marx generator are designed in an integrated method so that the minitype Marx generator, which integrates a generator body, the charging power supply and the preceding-stage triggering source, is developed successfully.

A capillary discharging X ray laser device adopting the blumlein line and eliminating intrinsic pre-pulse relates to the capillary discharging X ray laser technical field. The invention solves defects that the intrinsic pre-pulse voltage can burn through vessel wall when a Blumlein transmission line is used between the existing Marx generator and the loads (capillary). The output end of a rapid high voltage electric pulse Marx generator (1) is connected with the input end of an intrinsic pulse insulation switch (4) through a main switch (2) and a Blumlein transmission line (3), the output end of the intrinsic pulse insulation switch (4) and one end of an insulation inductor (6) are connected with the electric pulse input end of the capillary and an X ray test assembly (7), another end of the insulation inductor (6) is connected with the output end of a pre-pulse generator (5). The invention prevents the intrinsic pre-pulse voltage of the Blumlein transmission line is passed, so the harm of the capillary wall ablation and the destroy of Z-pinch plasma are eliminated, so the invention can effectively output the laser.

The invention discloses an intelligent pulse generator, comprising a pulse generating circuit, a control circuit used for receiving a signal transmitted by the pulse generating circuit and sending out a laser signal to control the pulse generating circuit according to the received signal, and a trigger circuit used for receiving the laser signal sent out by the control circuit to control the pulse generating circuit and leading the pulse generating circuit to stay in a conducting sate. The control circuit is provided with an induction antenna used for receiving an electromagnetic wave signal transmitted by the pulse generating circuit, a singlechip connected with the induction antenna, and a control output connected with the singlechip. The trigger circuit is provided with a relay KM1, a large power transistor Q1 and a line output transformer T. The pulse generating circuit adopts a Marx generator, which is of low price formation and simple structure. The invention achieves the purpose of control of the singlechip over the Marx generator under the influence of a hard electromagnetic pulse, thus realizing the controllability of discharge pulse and availing an apparatus foundation for the further research on the property of a highly pulsed magnetic field and the utilization thereof.

Apparatus and methods for ethanol production use shock waves and pulsed electric fields to increase the conversion of starch and / or cellulosic material into sugar. The shock waves or the pulsed electric fields may also control bacteria levels in the ethanol production facility. The shock waves and the pulsed electric fields may be generated, at least in part, by a pulsed electric field generator such as a Marx generator, which may have one or more semiconductor switches.

The invention relates to an experiment apparatus, based on a Marx generator, for electric spark induced cavitation bubbles, and belongs to the cavitation and cavity dynamics field. A Marx generator is applied to the experiment apparatus for electric spark induced cavitation bubbles, and a step-up ratio of a transformer in a high-voltage pack is changed by the Marx generator to be 1 / n of an original step-up ratio, n being the grade of the Marx generator. The experiment apparatus comprises a Marx generator ranging from 2 to 10 in grade, ball gaps in the air, and pin electrodes in water. The size of cavitation bubbles is controlled through the distance between the ball gaps and the distance between the pin electrodes. The experiment apparatus can be used for generating cavitation bubbles adjustable in diameter, observing burst form, burst time or the like of cavitation bubbles, and also studying mutual interacting relations among cavitation bubbles and solid boundaries, solid particles, liquid levels and the like.

The invention relates to a square-wave pulse generator, and in particular relates to an all-solid-state square-wave pulse generator based on a fractional ratio saturable pulse transformer and a Marx generator, and belongs to the field of pulse power. The pulse generator is composed of a charging module, a pulse boosting module and a load module. According to the pulse generator provided by the invention, the primary working voltage and an auxiliary side saturable inductor of the pulse transformer can be reduced, and compact integration of the pulse transformer and the magnetic switch can be achieved; the magnetic switch is used for replacing an air switch in the traditional Marx generator, so that the service life of the whole system and the repeat frequency are greatly enhanced; a high voltage silicon rectifier stack is used for replacing an isolated inductor in the Marx generator, and the pre-pulse problem is effectively eliminated; meanwhile quasi-square-wave pulse with relatively high quality and good flattening degree can be output via an anti-resonant network, the system is all solidified and miniaturized, and is small in volume, light in weight, convenient in transport and practicability, avoids a multi-switch serial structure of the high voltage pulse generator, and can improve the service life.

The production and emission of high-energy microwave pulses are made possible by means of a device with a particularly compact design if the capacitor column (12-12) of the Marx generator (11) whose series circuit conventionally itself feeds a microwave generator with a matched antenna geometry, is now itself used—dispensing with the microwave generator and its antenna—directly as a resonator and Hertzian antenna dipole (24). Its oscillation response can be optimized by triggered spark gaps (14) for the switching of capacitors (12), and by means of plates (19) connected at the ends, in order to increase the stray capacitances.

The invention discloses a repetition frequency voltage-multiplying square-wave generator based on a magnetic switch. The repletion frequency voltage-multiplying square-wave generator comprises an adjustable pulse source, a magnetic pulse compressor circuit, a square-wave voltage multiplying Marx generator and a matched load. The square-wave generator is connected behind a main capacitor or pulse transformer in a cascading manner, is subjected to parallel charging to various stages of pulse forming lines, and then subjected to series discharging to the matched load so as to obtain output square-wave pulse, and therefore purposes of voltage multiplying, high-repetition frequency and rising edge compression are achieved. The magnetic switch serves as a pulse forming switch and substitutes for a conventional gas switch. Due to the fact that the magnetic switch has no problems of electrode erosion and insulation restoration, the generator can run at high-repetition frequency. In the following embodiment, the square-wave source can reach the repetition working frequency over 20 kHz which is much higher than the 100Hz-level repetition working frequency of a conventional square-wave source based on the pulse forming lines. In addition, the magnetic switch also has an effect of sharpening rising edges of square waves.

The invention discloses a lightweight miniature pulse power device, comprising a shell, and a Marx generator body which is integrally mounted in the shell. The Marx generator body comprises a plurality of single-side lead-out integrally packaged double-capacitor PFN modules, gas spark switches and charging inductors. Two electrode tips are leaded out at the same side of the single-side lead-out integrally packaged double-capacitor PFN modules. The gas spark switches and the charging inductors are closely arranged at one side of the electrode tips. Each gas spark switch is connected between twoadjacent single-side lead-out integrally packaged double-capacitor PFN modules. The gas spark switches are equipped with connection ends connected with the electrode tips, and high voltage input endsconnected with the charging inductors. Electrode ends, the connection ends and the high voltage input ends of the gas spark switches are in an integrated structure. Compared with the existing pulse power device, the pulse power device developed through utilization of the single-side lead-out integrally packaged double-capacitor PFN modules has the advantages that a size and weight can be reducedby more than 50%, the cost is low, the maintenance is simple and convenient and an application range is wide.

The invention discloses a nanosecond electromagnetic pulser used for electromagnetic fault injection, and belongs to the field of electromagnetic fault injection, and the nanosecond electromagnetic pulser is used for generating transient electromagnetic pulse signals. The nanosecond electromagnetic pulser mainly comprises a direct-current power source, a signal generator, an Marx generator, an MOSFET driving circuit and an electromagnetic probe. The direct-current power source supplies power to the Marx generator and the MOSFET driving circuit, the signal generator provides pulse signals for the MOSFET driving circuit, controls on-off of MOSFET, and then the transient electromagnetic pulse with pulse width and frequency being set values is generated on the electromagnetic probe. Voltage pulse signals with adjustable amplitude and variable pulse width (200-2000 ns) can be generated at the two ends of the electromagnetic probe at the load end, and then transient electromagnetic pulse with the pulse width and frequency being set values is generated on the electromagnetic probe. The nanosecond electromagnetic pulser is simple in design principle, low in manufacturing cost and high in circuit stability.

The invention discloses a modular solid-state microsecond pulse generator for simulating insulation electrical stress of a saturation reactor. The modular solid-state microsecond pulse generator mainly comprises a control circuit, a bipolar Marx circuit system and a pulse transformer system T, wherein the control circuit is used for controlling all IGBT switch tubes in the bipolar Marx circuit system to be switched off, the bipolar Marx circuit system is used for transferring an output voltage to the pulse transformer system T, and the pulse transformer system T is used for improving amplitudeof the output voltage. Under the condition that a front-stage Marx generator conforms to insulation requirement, the multiplication of the output voltage can be greatly achieved, and meanwhile, the effect of improving waveform can be achieved; and an actual-measurement result shows that the generator can be used for researching an insulation failure mechanism of epoxy resin insulation of an ultrahigh-voltage DC converter valve saturation reactor under an effect of a power frequency pulse voltage.

In trigger / firing arrangement in a Marx generator comprising n stage capacitors—n being a natural number greater than 1-, the same amount of spark gaps and 2(n−1) charging branches, with the spark gaps operating in a self-breakdown mode, the trigger- / firing arrangement comprises at least a pulse transformer connected to an pulse generator in at least one of the charging branches of the Marx-generator, which with the associated stage capacitor bridges a spark gap—except for the output end spark gap—a pulse transformer is disposed, whose output winding operates during charging as a charging winding and whose input winding is connected to the pulse generator in such a way that the voltage pulse generated with this pulse transformer during triggering of the pulse generator is added to the charge voltage of the associated stage capacitor and, with a corresponding polarity, generates an over-voltage sufficient for initiating self-breakdown at this spark gap.

The functionally critical series connection of high-voltage-resistant resistors (Rn, R′n) in a Marx generator (11) is replaced according to the invention by a molding (12, 12′) composed of conductive plastic, which, depending on the configuration grouping of the capacitor bank (Cn), runs over the geometric series of capacitor connections (An, A′n) resulting from this and is connected to them, for example by riveting or screwing (13), in which case it is also possible to use more than one continuous molding, instead of a single molding.

A compact, high repetition rate, extreme ultraviolet / soft x-ray laser and method for generating such radiation are described. Excitation of the gaseous or vaporous lasing medium is achieved by discharging energy stored in a solid-dielectric capacitive device through a capillary channel containing the medium. By reducing the inductance of the discharge apparatus, excitation of the laser medium can be achieved without the use of Marx generators. Neon-like Ar atom laser pulses at 46.9 nm having energies of about 13 μJ are generated at repetition rates up to 12 Hz. Between 2 and 3×104 laser shots can be generated using a single capillary. Such a source of intense, short-wavelength radiation can be used for applications which include surface characterization of materials, high resolution imaging and printing, photochemistry and photophysics, laser ablation, characterization of x-ray optics, and dense plasma diagnostics.

The invention relates to a full-automatic intelligent strong fast-rise electromagnetic pulse generating device. The full-automatic intelligent strong fast-rise electromagnetic pulse generating device comprises an electromagnetic pulse generator, an on-site monitor, a remote control terminal and an intelligent controller, wherein the output end of the intelligent controller is connected with the input end of the electromagnetic pulse generator; the electromagnetic pulse generator is used for generating a strong fast-rise electromagnetic pulse field; the on-site monitor is used for monitoring statuses of an object to be tested, the electromagnetic pulse generator and the intelligent controller; the remote control terminal is used for sending a test parameter and a program-controlled triggercommand from a long distance; the intelligent controller is used for receiving data of the remote control terminal and enabling the electromagnetic pulse generator to act according to the command; and the electromagnetic pulse generator comprises an MARX generator, a gas distributing unit and a peaking circuit. The full-automatic intelligent strong fast-rise electromagnetic pulse generating device solves the technical problems of large time and labor consumption and low efficiency, simplifies the test process, shortens the test time, reduces the artificial test error and improves the test efficiency.

The invention discloses a programmable array type plasma jet exciter system, and relates to a plasma jet system. The programmable array type plasma jet actuator system includes a direct current powersupply, a programmable high voltage pulse power supply, a drive board, a transformer, a Marx generator, and plasma jet exciters. The direct current power supply outputs direct current for the drive board, the direct current is modulated to high frequency pulse signals, and the pulse signals are converted to high frequency pulse high voltage through a transformer. The pulse high voltage is rectified to high voltage direct current through a high voltage diode and is input into the Marx generator. Capacitors of the Marx generator are connected to the cathodes and anodes of the plasma jet excitersthrough resistors. The positive electrode of the output end of the programmable high voltage pulse power supply is connected to a trigger electrode of one of the plasma jet exciters provided with thetrigger electrode, and the negative electrode of the output end of the programmable high voltage pulse power supply is connected to the cathode of the plasma jet exciter provided with the trigger electrode. The outstanding advantage of the programmable array type plasma jet actuator system is that the excitation frequency of the plasma jet array can be conveniently adjusted in real time through programmable signals. Multiple plasma jet exciters can be excited and multiple plasma jets can be generated at the same time, and so the weight, volume and energy consumption of the system can be effectively reduced when the programmable array type plasma jet actuator system is applied to the aircrafts.

A parallel Marx generator topology capable of producing high power, high current output pulses is provided. The parallel Marx generator topology can include a plurality of Marx generators that operate in parallel to one another to jointly generate an output pulse. The topology can further include a pulse transformer configured to step up the voltage of the pulse created by the plurality of generators and also ensure that each Marx generator of the plurality of Marx generators is outputting substantially the same amount of current. The system can include a common interface that allows for fault detection and control of all the Marx generators using one common control panel. The parallel Marx generator topology can allow for a high voltage, high current pulse to be generated using import / export compliant switches.

The invention discloses an approximate square wave Marx generator based on a magnetic switch, which sequentially comprises four parts: a primary discharge unit, a saturable pulsed transformer unit, aMarx generator unit and a discharge unit, wherein a main body part is used for generating an approximate square wave pulse; by adopting the technical scheme of the Marx generator which combines additional regulation capacitance with inverse voltage superposition, output of the square wave pulse is implemented, and by combining a pulse width regulation switch, regulation on a width of the output square wave pulse is implemented. A structure and a principle of an existing Marx generator which can generate the approximate square wave pulse are simplified, compactness and a solid state of a hundred-nanosecond order square wave Marx generator are implemented, and the gap of such type of pulse generator at home and abroad is filled up.

A compact, high repetition rate, extreme ultraviolet / soft x-ray laser and method for generating such radiation are described. Excitation of the gaseous or vaporous lasing medium is achieved by discharging energy stored in a solid-dielectric capacitive device through a capillary channel containing the medium. By reducing the inductance of the discharge apparatus, excitation of the laser medium can be achieved without the use of Marx generators. Neon-like Ar atom laser pulses at 46.9 nm having energies of about 13 μJ are generated at repetition rates up to 12 Hz. Between 2 and 3×104 laser shots can be generated using a single capillary. Such a source of intense, short-wavelength radiation can be used for applications which include surface characterization of materials, high resolution imaging and printing, photochemistry and photophysics, laser ablation, characterization of x-ray optics, and dense plasma diagnostics.

An invention related to an X-ray device for the generation of brief X-ray pulses comprising an X-ray tube having a thermionic cathode and an anode and an X-ray generator having a first circuit for the generation of a high-voltage pulse which is applied to the anode for the generation of the X-ray pulse. The X-ray generator further comprising a second circuit by which a low voltage is continuously applied to the anode which pre-heats the X-ray tube and is at most sufficient for the generation of low-energy X-radiation. The first circuit can have a high-voltage power supply unit which charges a high-voltage capacitor which can be applied to the anode via a high-voltage switch. The first circuit can be a Marx generator. There may be only one power supply, which both generates the continuously low voltage and also drives the Marx generator for the generation of the high voltage. The X-ray unit can be part of an apparatus for the inspection of objects which has an imaging apparatus for the generation of an image of the object by means of the X-ray.

The invention discloses an electric field generation device. The electric field generation device comprises a direct current power source, an MARX generator, a transformer, a main control unit, a signal amplification unit, a voltage direction conversion unit and a plate electrode device, wherein the main control unit is connected with the signal amplification unit; the signal amplification unit is connected with the MARX generator so as to carry out time sequential control over charging and discharging of the MARX generator; the signal amplification unit is connected with the voltage direction conversion unit; the input end of the voltage direction conversion unit is connected with the MARX generator, and the output end of the voltage direction conversion unit is connected with the transformer so as to convert the voltage direction of voltage output by the MARX generator and carry out boosting through the transformer; the plate electrode device is connected with the output end of the transformer, and pulse voltage at the output end of the transformer is made to generate a rapidly changed strong electric field. When the electric field generation device is applied to a sludge cell wall-breaking device, the wall breaking efficiency of cells is improved, and integrated informatization management of the sludge cell wall-breaking device is achieved.

The invention discloses an optoelectronic isolation shielding box with strong electromagnetic interference resisting performance, an optoelectronic isolation system with strong electromagnetic interference resisting performance and a method and belongs to the electromagnetic field. The system is characterized in that the system comprises a shielding box. The shielding box is characterized in that the shielding box includes a cuboid-shaped shell and a cover plate covering the shell; an aluminum material is integrally milled so as to form the shell; a plurality of small holes are formed in the shell; and optical fibers pass through the small hole. The shielding box, the optoelectronic isolation system and the method are applied to a synchronous triggering system, and therefore, the problem of influence on the operation of the synchronous triggering system caused by strong electromagnetic interference generated by high voltage higher than 4MV which is outputted by 24 Marx generators can be solved, nanosecond precision control of 24 paths of ultra-high power pulses in a complex electromagnetic environment can be achieved.

The electric vs. mechanic bi-directional power conversion application has been traditionally and asymmetrically favoring at magnetic element as energy caching and buffering bridge, e.g. the electric motors and generators that are also abstracted as electromechanical devices. The theory behind electromechanical devices is electrodynamics. Based on the fast development of high energy density dielectric materials, my inventions are to be a game changer: let electrical field alone to take the heavy duty of electromechanical utilities, and let “dielectrodynamics” replace electrodynamics. Of the most importance is the key limitless high voltage generator, which can cover full gamut of voltages from volts to kilovolts (KV), megavolts (MV), gigavolts (GV), teravolts (TV), and whatever we need, just provided necessary space occupancy and mechanic work are secured to assist dielectric piston or blades displacement. As the nature of such an electric power supply, it is fit for pulse application, such as Z-pinch, particle accelerator, nuclear ignition, fusion reactor, ornithopter etc. Civil application is also possible, such as harvest wind power, pulse heating even with overunity and so on, but regular non-pulse application needs further power smoothing or conversion.It is the time of saying bye to Marx generator, rare earth magnetic materials, mile-size accelerator, country-size neutron spallation system and more, just cheerfully to embrace the epoch of powerful inexhaustible fusion energy and magnetic-free dielectrodynamic utilities.

The invention provides an all-solid-state Marx generator. The all-solid-state Marx generator comprises at least one circuit unit. Each circuit unit comprises a diode, a capacitor, a first MOSFET (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor) power tube and a second MOSFET power tube, wherein one end of the capacitor is connected with a cathode of the diode and a drain electrode of the first MOSFET power tube, the other end of the capacitor is connected with a source electrode of the second MOSFET power tube, and a source electrode of the first MOSFET power tube is connected with a drain electrode of the second MOSFET power tube. The all-solid-state Marx generator has the advantages of small size and high stability.

Apparatus and methods for ethanol production use shock waves to increase the conversion of starch and / or cellulosic material into sugar. The shock waves may also control bacteria levels in the ethanol production facility. The shock waves may be generated by a shock wave generator that includes a pulsed electric field generator such as a Marx generator, which may have one or more semiconductor switches.