The invention relates to a direct-current pulse-controlled molten drop deposition 3D printing device and a printing method. Rectangular pulse high voltage is generated through a direct-current high-voltage pulse generator, melt is stimulated to spray liquid drops instantly by connecting an upper electrode with a lower electrode, and with cooperation with three-dimensional movement of a forming substrate, the molten drops are deposited point by point and layer by layer to form a three-dimensional part. The direct-current pulse-controlled molten drop deposition 3D printing device is simple in structure, easy to control, high in melt liquid drop formation response frequency, and high in printing speed, and can be used for manufacturing parts in any complex shapes, and conducting diversified printing. In addition, materials are melted through a heating crucible, the temperature application range is wide, and the requirement for the types of the materials is low; material adaptability is high, for example, reliable 3D printing of various high polymer materials, metallic aluminum, tin and other materials can be achieved through the device; and printing efficiency and quality are high.