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252results about "Logic circuits using opto-electronic devices" patented technology

All-optical logic operation system and operation method based on metasurface device

The invention discloses an all-optical logic operation system and operation method based on a metasurface device, and mainly solves the technical problems that an existing optical logic gate is high in system complexity, not visual enough in judgment result, high in recognition difficulty, poor in practicability and the like. The logic operation system comprises a polaroid, an object plane, a metasurface device and a detector which are arranged in sequence. The polarizer is used for adjusting the polarization direction of incident light; a plurality of transparent target areas with different shapes are arranged on the object plane and are used for placing corresponding target images; the centers of all the target areas are uniformly distributed on a circle with the center of the object plane as the circle center and d as the radius; incident light reaches the metasurface device after passing through the polaroid and a target image on the object plane, optical logic operation is carried out through the metasurface device, and then the incident light is output to the detector for imaging. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, quick function switching, miniaturization, high integration and the like.
Owner:XIAN INST OF OPTICS & PRECISION MECHANICS CHINESE ACAD OF SCI

Embedded special-purpose high-frequency low-level control system

ActiveCN120546675AElectric signal transmission systemsAnalogue/digital/analogue conversionDigital signal processingData acquisition
The invention discloses an embedded special high-frequency low-level control system, which comprises a digital signal processing board card, an ADC / DAC sub-board card and a radio frequency front-end board card, the radio frequency front-end board card comprises two paths of up-conversion channels and six paths of down-conversion channels; the digital signal processing board card comprises an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array); wherein the radio frequency front-end board card is used for dividing an input reference line RF signal into four paths of RF reference signals and generating an LO signal; the ADC / DAC sub board card is used for ADC analog-to-digital conversion and DAC digital-to-analog conversion; the main functions of the digital signal processing board card comprise clock distribution of RF reference signals, a motor drive and piezo ceramic drive circuit, a data acquisition and logic control algorithm of an FPGA logic unit PL part, an embedded ARM system of an FPGA processor unit PS part, EPICS-IOC application of a low-level system, network data communication and the like.
Owner:INST OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS CHINESE ACAD OF SCI

Multi-field adjustable high-speed electro-optical logic device and implementation method thereof

The invention discloses a multi-field adjustable high-speed electro-optical logic device and an implementation method thereof. According to the invention, light output is electrically controlled, and two logic functions are realized on the same device; the input laser wavelength comprises a main communication wave band, and a PL output signal is matched with an atmosphere window, so that information transmission is facilitated; the working switch ratio of the logic device is greater than two orders of magnitude, static power consumption is reduced, and the anti-interference capability and the accuracy of logic operation are improved; the response time is short, the key effect on improving the operation speed is achieved, and high-frequency work is supported; a PL output signal is sensitive to polarization, so that the degree of freedom of transmitted information is higher; the method is applied to the fields of encryption transmission of efficient optical communication, logic operation in an all-optical chip and the like; not only is the working switch ratio as high as 2 orders of magnitude shown, but also the nanosecond-order response speed can be maintained, so that the method has great potential to solve the problems in the science and technology fields such as encryption transmission of efficient mid-infrared light communication.
Owner:PEKING UNIV

All optical coherent ising machines

A computing system may be provided. The computing system may include an optical memory cavity configured to store signal pulses representing a current combination for a combinatorial optimization computation. The computing system may further include an optical processing cavity. The optical processing cavity may be configured to receive the signal pulses from the optical memory cavity, perform an all-optical 1-bit delay computation on the signal pulses to generate a feedback pulse for at least one signal pulse, and provide the feedback pulse to be coupled back to the optical memory cavity.
Owner:NTT RESEARCH INC

Two-photon quantum photonic logic gates

Photonic controlled-phase gates that include a dipole emitter chirally coupled to a plurality of photonic qubit pairs in a waveguide are disclosed herein. Each photonic qubit pair includes a two-qubit state |xy, wherein the two-qubit state |xy comprises a combination of single-qubit states |0 and |1, and may be |00, |01, |10, and |11. The dipole emitter is configured to interact with the single-qubit state |0 to impose a π phase shift, and the dipole emitter interacts with states |00, |01, and |10 to impose the π phase shift.
Owner:WASHINGTON UNIV IN SAINT LOUIS

Method of manufacturing light-gated element including transition metal dichalcogenide grown to large area as light sensing layer

To provide a light-gated element including a light sensing layer capable of responding to light stimulation and exhibiting neuromorphic characteristics, and a method of manufacturing the same.SOLUTION: A method of manufacturing a light-gated element comprises: preparing a first heating furnace and a second heating furnace spaced apart from each other in the same space; positioning a second precursor, which is prepared by mixing tungsten trioxide (WO3) as a transition metal oxide and sodium chloride (NaCl) as a metal halide salt in the second heating furnace, and a substrate to be adjacent to the second precursor; forming a light sensing layer including a transition metal dichalcogenide flake on top of the substrate; and performing vapor deposition of a source electrode and a drain electrode to form junctions in the light sensing layer; and forming a gate electrode under the substrate; where a mixing ratio of the transition metal oxide and the metal halide salt is between 5:1 and 7:1 by weight, and where the light-gated transistor is a logic element that performs an AND or OR logical operation.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
Owner:INDUSTRYACADEMIC COOPERATION FOUNDATION GYEONGSANG NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

Fiber-based artificial neuron unit

An artificial neuron unit for processing a signal is presented, comprising: a fiber-based optical processing unit having first and second optical input ports and first and second optical output ports, configured and operative to controllably apply optical processing to incoherent input optical signals to generate first and second weighted combined optical signals; and an electro-optical processing unit configured and operative to process the first and second weighted combined optical signals, the electro-optical processing unit configured and operative to generate a weighted sum output of the artificial neuron unit by successively performing the steps of applying a predetermined mathematical function to the first and second weighted combined optical signals corresponding to positive and negative weights to generate a resultant signal, and applying nonlinear processing to the resultant signal to convert the resultant signal into an optical output signal indicative of the weighted sum output of the artificial neuron unit.
Owner:COGNIFIBER LTD

Gate apparatus

A gate apparatus configured to perform an XOR operation on received input signals to provide a logical output signal, y. The apparatus includes at least one first signal input adapted to receive a first input signal; and at least one second signal input adapted to receive a second input signal. At least one of the received input signals is split into a first split signal portion fed to a photo diode to generate an electrical photocurrent supplied to a junction node, and a second split signal portion combined with at least a signal portion of the other signal received at the second signal input to generate a combined optical output signal supplied to an electro-optical modulator to provide the logical output signal, y. The electro-optical modulator is driven by a photocurrent processing unit having an input connected to the junction node.
Owner:ROHDE & SCHWARZ GMBH & CO KG

Optical logic using seeded exciton-polariton condensates

An optical gate device may have one or more optical cavities. The optical cavity may have an embedded optically-active material providing strong light-matter coupling. A pump input allows application to of a pulsed optical pump beam the optically-active material. The pump beam is absorbed by the optically active material to form an exciton-polariton condensate which emits light. The optical gate device may have an input waveguide to input a seed signal to the optical cavity. The optical gate device may include an output waveguide to output of an optical signal at a wavelength corresponding to a resonant mode of a the cavity. The device may operate in a manner such that, when the pump beam is applied to the pump input, an optical output signal is selectively provided in the output waveguide, via the input of the a seed signal and light emitted by the exciton-polariton condensate.
Owner:INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINE CORPORATION

Voltage and current rapid acquisition digital control circuit

The utility model discloses a voltage and current rapid acquisition digital control circuit, which comprises a multi-channel digital-to-analog conversion circuit, and a voltage photoelectric isolation acquisition circuit and a current rapid acquisition circuit which are connected with the multi-channel digital-to-analog conversion circuit, and the multi-channel digital-to-analog conversion circuit comprises a multi-channel ADC chip. The output end of the multi-channel ADC chip is connected with an FPGA processor, and the multi-channel ADC chip is used for converting the analog quantity of accessed voltage and current signals into digital quantity data and transmitting the digital quantity data to the FPGA processor in a bus mode. According to the utility model, the photoelectric isolator whose maximum delay time from input to output does not exceed 3.3 [mu] s can be used to realize signal photoelectric isolation amplification, the differential amplification filter circuit is connected in parallel with a 1nF capacitor to give consideration to both signal filtering stability and capacitor charging rapidity, and the ADC conversion chip whose resolution is 16bit and capable of parallel acquisition is selected. And multi-channel high-precision and rapid parallel analog-to-digital conversion is realized.
Owner:GUIYANG AVIATION MOTOR

A grating encoder and encoding method

The embodiment of the present application provides a grating encoder and an encoding method, and relates to the technical field of integrated optical devices. The grating encoder comprises an optical signal input end, a mode regulation area and an optical signal output end, the mode regulation area comprises a substrate, at least two straight waveguides and at least one subwavelength grating waveguide; the at least two straight waveguides and the at least one subwavelength grating waveguide are alternately and equally spaced arranged on the substrate; the duty cycle of one subwavelength grating waveguide in the unit where the subwavelength grating waveguide is located is 0.5, and the unit is composed of the subwavelength grating waveguide, the straight waveguide alternately arranged with the subwavelength grating waveguide and the interval between the subwavelength grating waveguide and the straight waveguide; one subwavelength grating waveguide and one straight waveguide alternately arranged with the subwavelength grating waveguide jointly constitute one unit cell, and each individual unit cell contains one normalized flux. The signal strength attenuation and mode distortion are reduced.
Owner:WUHAN INST OF TECH

Optical computing device and manufacturing method

In an optical computing device in which a plurality of microcells provided in a matrix form are disposed so as to be stacked on each other, reduced are variations which occur in cell size and position due to dehydration and shrinkage. An optical computing device (10) includes a plurality of light diffraction layers (L1, L2, L3) stacked on each other. In the optical computing device (10), each light diffraction layer (L1, L2, L3) includes a plurality of microcells (Cijk) which have refractive indexes set individually and which are provided in a matrix form. The plurality of light diffraction layers (L1, L2, L3) are contained in a dried gel (11).
Owner:FUJIKURA LTD

Symbolic photonic logic gate architecture for light-speed data processing and quantum-resistant optical encryption

A device, method, and hybrid computing architecture for a Symbolic Photonic Logic Gate (SPLG) system that performs data processing primarily in the optical domain. The system comprises a photonic substrate, including silicon-photonics, indium phosphide, or similar optically active materials, patterned with optical waveguides and interferometric structures configured to implement logic operations through controlled optical interference, phase modulation, or non-linear optical effects. The SPLG system is configured to execute Boolean and symbolic logic functions without requiring intermediate optical-to-electrical signal conversion. In operation, information is encoded into one or more optical parameters including phase, polarization, wavelength, or amplitude, and processed within a Symbolic Optical Core optimized for linear algebraic operations such as matrix multiplication and vector transformation. The architecture further comprises an electronic control layer configured to initialize, configure, and monitor the photonic logic elements while allowing the majority of computational operations to occur within the optical domain, thereby reducing electrical interconnect congestion and resistive heating relative to fully electronic processors.
Owner:ODEH SAMUEL

Photonic chip, field programmable photonic array and photonic integrated circuit

This invention relates to a photonic chip implemented through the combination and interconnection of identically oriented programmable photonic processing blocks, all of which are parallel along their longitudinal axes, implemented on a single photonic chip capable of implementing one or more simultaneous photonic circuits with optical feedback paths and / or linear multiport switching through appropriate programming of its resources and selection of its input and output ports. The invention also relates to a parallel field-programmable photonic array (P-FPPA) comprising at least one programmable circuit block based on an identically oriented / parallel adjustable beamsplitter with independent coupling and phase-shift configurations and a peripheral high-performance architecture.
Owner:POLYTECHNIC UNIV OF VALENCIA SPAIN

Optical logic device and logic implementation method therefor

An optical logic device and a logic implementation method therefor. The optical logic device comprises: a first straight waveguide (20), a second straight waveguide (21), two ring waveguides (3), two phase change functional units (4), four electrodes (5) and an optical detection device. The two ring waveguides (3) are spaced between the first straight waveguide (20) and the second straight waveguide (21); the two phase change functional units (4) respectively cover upper surfaces of the two ring waveguides (3); and two ends of each phase change functional unit (4) are each connected to one electrode (5). The first straight waveguide (20) comprises a first input end (a) and a first output end (b), and the second straight waveguide (21) comprises a second output end (c), wherein the first output end (b) and the first input end (a) are arranged on different sides, the second output end (c) and the first input end (a) are arranged on the same side, the first input end (a) is used for inputting an optical signal, the optical signal is a signal that does not change the state of the phase change functional unit (4), and the state of the phase change functional unit (4) comprises a crystalline state and an amorphous state. Each ring waveguide (3) comprises a second input end, wherein the second input end is composed of electrodes (5) at two ends of a phase change functional unit (4), the ring waveguide (3) is used for coupling an optical signal in the first straight waveguide (20) to the ring waveguide (3) and coupling an optical signal in the ring waveguide (3) to the second straight waveguide (21), the second input end is used for inputting an electrical signal, and the electrical signal is a signal that can change the state of the phase change functional unit (4). The optical detection device is connected to both the first output end (b) and the second output end (c), and is used for monitoring the transmittance of the optical signal outputted by the first output end (b) and the second output end (c) when the phase change functional unit (4) is in different states. The optical logic device has the characteristics of a compact structure, simple operation and a large on-off ratio, thereby improving the computational speed and capability of optical logic operations.
Owner:HUAZHONG UNIV OF SCI & TECH

Device for coupling waveguide and optical fiber, quantum light circuit that uses same, and method for manufacturing device

Provided is a device with improved reliability of coupling between a waveguide and an optical fiber. A device includes: a waveguide chip that includes a clad layer and an optical waveguide formed on the clad layer; and an optical fiber optically coupled to the optical waveguide, in which the clad layer has a hollow below a coupling region where the optical waveguide is optically coupled to the optical fiber, and the optical waveguide contacts the optical fiber in the coupling region, and deflects in a lamination direction of the waveguide chip inside the hollow.
Owner:FUJITSU LTD

Metasurface device design method based on logic optical operation and imaging device

The invention discloses a metasurface device design method based on logic optical operation and an imaging device, and the method comprises the steps: receiving input initial parameter information, and setting a grating period corresponding to the initial parameter information according to a preset period setting rule; overlapping the grating period according to a preset grating overlapping function and the initial parameter information to obtain corresponding amplitude distribution information; performing matching mapping on the amplitude distribution information according to a preset transmittance distribution table to obtain size arrangement information of the microstructure; and setting the overall structure size according to the size information and the size arrangement information in the initial parameter information to obtain corresponding metasurface device design information. According to the method, the metasurface device design information is obtained, the metasurface device is obtained through design, the designed metasurface device is applied to the imaging device, optical logic operation is carried out on the incident image, the imaging image is accurately obtained, and the efficiency of carrying out optical logic operation on the image is greatly improved.
Owner:HANGZHOU NAJING TECHNOLOGY CO LTD

A method for manufacturing a micro-ring resonator-based activation function device

The application aims to provide a kind of micro-ring resonator-based activation function device manufacturing method, comprising the following steps: determining the standard nonlinear function to be fitted by optical device;Preparation of micro-ring resonator;Coupling ring PN junction and micro-ring;Set up auxiliary light source and output signal measurement equipment;Set up TIA transimpedance amplifier and bias unit.The application can realize the function of activation function by optical device, and it is relatively easy to combine with other optical elements that can realize the summation of neural unit weight, realize the complete function of single neuron, thereby improve the operation efficiency and operation accuracy of optical neural network.The device is small in size and easy to integrate, and the operation efficiency and operation accuracy of the optical neural network integrated by the neural unit integrated by the device can be significantly improved.
Owner:HARBIN ENG UNIV

Optical circuit, quantum computing device, and method for manufacturing an optical circuit

An optical circuit (1) comprises: a first optical waveguide (11) that extends in a first direction and that contains diamond as a material; a plurality of second optical waveguides (12) that each contain diamond as a material and include a color center (30), and that are each connected to the first optical waveguide (11) and extend in a direction different from the first direction; and a third optical waveguide (21) that is formed of a material having a refractive index lower than that of diamond, and is connected to the first optical waveguide (11).
Owner:FUJITSU LTD

Dynamic luminescence system of light-controlled dissipative self-assembly, preparation method, reversible logic gate and application

The present invention discloses a dynamic luminescent system of light-controlled dissipative self-assembly, a preparation method, a reversible logic gate and its application. The system comprises a sulfonic acid merocyanine that self-assembles with a surfactant in acidic water to form a light-controlled dissipative self-assembly system, and then a fluorescent dye is added to obtain the system. The sulfonic acid merocyanine can be photoisomerized to a spiropyran structure at 420±10nm, and then assembled with a surfactant in an acidic aqueous solution at room temperature into a spherical nanoparticle system. At the same time, the assembly system can achieve different dynamic changes in fluorescence by loading different fluorescent dyes. On this basis, a series of reversible logic signal gates that achieve dynamic changes in fluorescence based on different inputs have been developed. The preparation routes of the various light-controlled dissipative self-assembly systems are simple, and the dynamic changes in fluorescence can be achieved by simply changing the self-assembly system or changing the wavelength of the excitation light. This can be used as the design basis for logic signals, and has great application potential in the fields of information transmission and information storage, such as molecular computing and sensing.
Owner:SOUTHEAST UNIV

An optical multiplier system for processing high speed data streams and method thereof

The application discloses an optical multiplier system for processing high-speed data flow and a method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of semiconductors, comprising a stibonium quantum well laser, an intensity modulator, a phase modulator, a balanced homodyne detector and an oscilloscope; the stibonium quantum well laser is used as a light source, light signals output by the stibonium quantum well laser are evenly divided into two light beams by a Y-type beam splitter, and the two light beams are defined as x-vector light beams and y-vector light beams respectively; the two light beams sequentially pass through the intensity modulator and the phase modulator to complete real number and complex number coding; after the two light beams are coupled by a beam splitter / coupler, the two light beams are input to the balanced homodyne detector for detection, and the photocurrent output by the balanced homodyne detector is calculated to obtain a differential current, the differential current is collected and displayed in real time by the oscilloscope, and the differential current is the vector point multiplication operation result corresponding to the two vector light beams. The application has the characteristics of low cost, low energy consumption, high speed, expandability and the like.
Owner:INST OF SEMICONDUCTORS - CHINESE ACAD OF SCI +2

Deterministic Optical Logic System Based on the Total Wave Modified Schrödinger Equation (TWMSE) and Generalized Interference Logic

PendingUS20260079381A1Digital dataLogic circuits using opto-electronic devicesWave fieldScalable parallel processing
We propose a hybrid wave-based logic model for optical computing that integrates both Total Wave Modified Schrödinger Equation (TWMSE) formulations and non-TWMSE interference field logic. This system enables deterministic collapse behavior through physical wave interactions, rather than relying on conventional transistor logic or probabilistic quantum models. In the TWMSE regime, collapse thresholds are governed by field interference between signal and control waves, allowing dynamic selection of tasks based on intensity and phase alignment. In the generalized non-TWMSE regime, similar collapse-like logic can be achieved using thresholded interference models that are classically engineered for optical domain systems. Together, these formulations enable adaptive task selection, nonlinear logic gating, and scalable parallel processing in optical chips. Our architecture supports real-time wavefield decisions and is compatible with standard photonic components such as interferometers, microring resonators, variable attenuators, and optical threshold comparators. The result is a unified logic framework for next-generation AI hardware that harnesses both quantum-inspired and classical wave interference dynamics.
Owner:CHEONG LARRY LIM KHENG

Multi-element signal acquisition and identification circuit and electronic equipment

The invention discloses a multi-element signal acquisition and identification circuit and electronic equipment, which are used for improving the problem of multi-type signal fusion acquisition in a broadcast system, and the circuit comprises a level and short circuit signal acquisition unit, a waveform signal acquisition unit, a power signal acquisition unit, a signal mode switching unit and a processor, the level and short circuit signal acquisition unit is used for acquiring level signals and short circuit signals, the waveform signal acquisition unit is used for acquiring dynamic waveform signals, and the power supply signal acquisition unit is used for acquiring controlled power supply signals; the output end of each acquisition unit is connected to the same input port of the processor, and the processor can dynamically control the signal input state of each acquisition unit through the signal mode switching unit, thereby achieving the intelligent switching and recognition of multiple signals. According to the technical scheme, the system structure is simplified, the compatibility and flexibility of signal acquisition are improved, and the multi-system signal fusion requirement in a complex broadcast environment is met. The circuit can be widely applied to the technical field of circuits.
Owner:广州市迪士普音响科技有限公司

Optical computing machine

The purpose of the present invention is to provide an optical computer having high scalability and capable of reducing noise. This optical computer is characterized by including: an input layer which accepts an input signal as a computer; a reservoir layer which responds to a signal input from the input layer, and in which using a plurality of degenerate optical parametric oscillator (DOPO) pulses of a DOPO that are generated by an optical phase-sensitive amplifier (PSA) based on pump light as nodes, a connection relation between the nodes is determined by a measurement feedback method or a method equivalent to the measurement feedback method; and an output layer which outputs an output signal based on the respective responses of the plurality of DOPO pulses to the input signal from the reservoir layer.
Owner:NT T INC

Switching quantity input signal acquisition circuit with self-checking and low power consumption and method

The application relates to a switch quantity input signal acquisition circuit and method with self-checking and low power consumption, which is connected with an MCU, and is characterized in that the acquisition circuit comprises a self-checking loop and at least one acquisition loop connected with the MCU respectively, and the self-checking loop is connected with each acquisition loop respectively. Compared with the prior art, the application has the advantages of AC / DC universality and improved system reliability.
Owner:ACREL CO LTD +1

Method and device for photonic pulse modulation

The invention relates to a method for generating, starting from a pulse-type optical signal, a train containing a predetermined number of time-shifted photonic pulses with amplitude modulatable as a function of an encoding to be adopted. The method is characterized in that it comprises the steps of: - splitting the optical signal into two optical subsignals; - circulating the optical subsignals in a closed-loop optical circuit in opposite directions so that the photons undergo different delays and / or phases as a function of the path that they follow from the input to the output of the loop, at least one section of said circuit having a multiplicity of routes of different length so as to induce different time delays with respect to the photons traveling along said routes; - acting on the drive signal of at least one phase modulator present in the circuit so as to induce a different phase to the photons having different time delays; - obtaining the desired amplitude modulation from the interference between the optical subsignals exiting the closed-loop circuit. The invention also relates to a device adapted to implement said method.
Owner:UNIV DEGLI STUDI DI PADOVA

Reconfigurable electro-optical logic gate to perform multiple logic operations

An example optical system having an electro-optical (EO) logic gate connected to a controller is presented. The controller modulates a first encoded electrical signal and a second encoded electrical signal based on an operation selection input. The EO logic gate includes a first Mach Zehnder interferometer (MZI) coupled between an optical input port and an optical output port; a second MZI optically coupled in parallel with the first MZI; a first phase shifter adjacent to the first MZI and; and a second phase shifter adjacent to the second MZI. The phase shifters apply phase shifts to the optical signals propagating via the first and second MZIs based on the modulated first encoded electrical signal and the modulated second encoded electrical signal to cause an optical output at the optical output port to vary based on the logic operation of the first encoded electrical signal and the second encoded electrical signal.
Owner:HEWLETT PACKARD ENTERPRISE DEV LP

Optical calculation nonlinear activation device based on optical fiber, preparation method and system

The invention relates to an optical fiber-based optical calculation nonlinear activation device, which comprises a micro-nano optical fiber, the micro-nano optical fiber comprises a conical region and standard single-mode optical fibers positioned at two ends of the conical region, a two-dimensional material is deposited on the surface of the conical region, and the two-dimensional material has two absorption mechanisms of saturated absorption and anti-saturated absorption. Different light transmission curves can be obtained on the basis, nonlinear processing of input light signals is achieved, nonlinear operation of input and output is completed, the relaxation time of the two-dimensional material is in the picosecond magnitude, after one-time light calculation is completed, rapid resetting can be achieved within extremely short time, energy does not need to be additionally applied to change the state, the response speed is extremely high, and the method is suitable for large-scale popularization and application. The optical computing nonlinear activation device can meet the requirement for high-speed optical computing, the computing speed of an optical computing system is remarkably increased, and the invention further provides a manufacturing method and system of the optical computing nonlinear activation device.
Owner:WUHAN YILUT TECH CO LTD

Optical processing device

In order to provide a spatial light phase modulator that can be miniaturized and that is operable at high speed, each microcell (C) of this spatial light phase modulator (13) is composed of a magnetization free layer (C11) and a control unit (electrode C12) that controls the magnetization direction (arrow M11) of the magnetization free layer (C11). The magnetization free layer (C11) and the control unit (electrode C12) are configured to control the magnetization direction (arrow M11) so as to be parallel or substantially parallel the direction (arrows kf, kr) of a normal to the first optical effective surface and the second optical effective surface (bottom surfaces C111, C112).
Owner:FUJIKURA LTD