347 results about "Integrated optics" patented technology

The invention provides a coastal wetland ecological corridor identification and optimization method and system, and relates to the technical field of ecological environment monitoring. The method comprises the following steps: integrating optical, radar, terrain, night light and road data on an earth engine cloud platform, and unifying time and space references to form an initial data set; extracting a normalized vegetation index and a vegetation coverage degree, and combining with a water body frequency to identify an ecological source land; generating a comprehensive resistance surface according to the land utilization and coverage type and the road distance; and performing minimum cost path and circuit connectivity analysis in a geographic information system to obtain potential galleries, key nodes and barrier regions, and outputting gallery grades and optimization suggestions in a grading manner according to a cost threshold, thereby realizing high-precision identification and optimization of the coastal wetland ecological network.

High-power, integrated optical amplifiers are described in which gain waveguides of the amplifiers are designed to improve power performance by reducing power saturation effects in the amplifier. The gain waveguides can change, in at least one aspect, along the length of the gain waveguide to reduce gain saturation. Multi-mode optical beams and / or multi-stage amplification can also be employed to reduce gain saturation.

A disclosed semiconductor photodetector includes a first semiconductor layer having a first refractive index and a first band gap; a second semiconductor layer formed on the first semiconductor layer, the second semiconductor layer having a second refractive index and a second band gap; a first electrode; and a second electrode. The second refractive index is greater than the first refractive index, and the second band gap is smaller than the first band gap. The first semiconductor layer includes a p-type first region, an n-type second region, and a non-conductive third region between the first region and the second region. The second semiconductor layer includes a p-type fourth region in ohmic contact with the first electrode, an n-type fifth region in ohmic contact with the second electrode, and a non-conductive sixth region between the fourth region and the fifth region.

The invention discloses a laser design system, a laser design method, electronic equipment and a medium, and belongs to the technical field of integrated optics. The laser design system comprises a first model, input parameters of which comprise set grating parameters of a grating structure of a first to-be-designed laser, and which is used for predicting and outputting a predicted output characteristic curve of the first to-be-designed laser based on the set grating parameters; the input parameters of the second model comprise a set output characteristic curve of a second laser to be designed, and the second model is used for predicting and outputting predicted grating parameters of a grating structure of the second laser to be designed based on the set output characteristic curve; the first model and the second model share the same training data set, the input training data of the first model corresponds to the output training data of the second model, and the output training data of the first model corresponds to the input training data of the second model; the training data set includes pairing data between grating parameters of a grating structure of the sample laser and an output characteristic curve of the sample laser.

The invention relates to the field of performance testing of high-precision fiber-optic gyroscopes, and discloses an automatic testing method and system for the extinction ratio of a high-precision fiber-optic gyroscope, and the method comprises the following steps: constructing a signal light path and a reference light path, and combining the output light of the signal light path and the reference light path into a combined light signal in an orthogonal polarization state; integrally measuring the extinction ratio of the combined optical signal by using an extinction ratio tester to obtain a measured value; the control unit compares the measured value with a target value of 0dB and generates a control instruction based on a difference value; the voltage controller automatically adjusts the voltage of the integrated optical modulator in the signal light path according to the instruction, and iterative optimization is carried out through closed-loop feedback until the actually measured extinction ratio reaches a target value; and finally recording and solidifying the optimal voltage value. According to the invention, single and accurate extinction ratio overall measurement is used for replacing two times of error-prone independent optical power measurement, full-automatic closed-loop control is realized, the precision, efficiency and consistency of optical power balance are remarkably improved, and the skill requirements on operators are reduced.

Aspects of the present disclosure provide a semiconductor structure. For example, the semiconductor structure can include a wafer and luminescent thermometers formed on a surface of the wafer. The luminescent thermometers can be configured to receive incident light and emit light. The emitted light can have an intensity that depends on a temperature of a portion of the surface of the wafer where the luminescent thermometers are formed.

The invention relates to the technical field of material physicochemical property testing and analysis, in particular to a biological tissue anatomy quality evaluation method based on multi-modal data fusion. Comprising the following steps: step 1, synchronously acquiring multi-modal data of spatial registration, and synchronously acquiring data under the same coordinate system through a spatial registration device integrated with an optical path; based on the coordinate mapping relation, resampling the mechanical distribution diagram and the topological model to a spatial grid of the hyperspectral data; step 2, performing pathology-oriented feature fusion; and step 3, generating an anatomical quality index, inputting the fusion feature vector into a pre-trained deep residual network, outputting a quality evaluation index QI, generating an anatomical quality thermodynamic diagram based on a resampling space grid coordinate, and marking a QI value of each region. By realizing accurate and synchronous acquisition of multi-modal data, pathological-oriented feature extraction and fusion and quality evaluation of a deep learning network, the method can more accurately and comprehensively evaluate the anatomical quality of the biological tissue.

The invention relates to the technical field of photoacoustic spectrometry, in particular to a gas detection device and method based on a 3D printing Helmholtz photoacoustic cell, and is suitable for the fields with load requirements such as unmanned aerial vehicle-mounted gas monitoring platforms. In order to overcome the problems of large volume, heavy weight, complex structure and low integration level of a photoacoustic gas sensor in the prior art, the lightweight Helmholtz photoacoustic cell structure manufactured based on 3D printing comprises a sound wave generation cavity, a small-diameter connecting pipe and a detection cavity which are integrally formed, an optical reflection unit is integrated in the sound wave generation cavity, and the optical reflection unit is integrated in the detection cavity. Two concave reflectors are arranged to reflect incident light beams for 160 times, a laser, an optical fiber collimator, a pre-amplifier, a lock-in amplification circuit board, a notebook computer and a current temperature control module are arranged outside, and the concentration of gas to be detected is obtained through analysis and processing of the notebook computer.

The invention discloses an intelligent pressure plate remote monitoring system based on double-confirmation detection synchronization, which comprises a non-contact sensing mechanism, integrates state double confirmation of optical detection and magnetic induction detection, performs double judgment of a pressure plate state and critical position judgment through synchronous boundary dynamic verification, and comprises an intelligent pressure plate assembly, a remote monitoring system and a remote monitoring system, the optical detection assembly controls on-off of an optical path through switching of the transparent area and the shielding area of the light guide column so as to identify the rotation angle of the pressing plate. The guide rail type sensor array detects the induction stroke of the pressing plate through magnetic induction of the magnetic induction piece, and the magnetic induction boundary of the magnetic induction switch is dynamically synchronous with the light path switching boundary of the light guide column; a wireless collector; the pressing plate control device is further in wireless communication with the wireless collector, and the pressing plate control device carries out synchronous boundary logic processing on the double-confirmation signal and outputs a double-confirmation state; provided is a pressing plate management system. Through the arrangement, the problem of asynchronous signal induction of detection of different sources in a pressing plate double-confirmation detection scheme is solved.

The invention provides an on-chip optical element, a preparation method thereof and an integrated optical element. The on-chip optical element comprises a substrate, an input coupling waveguide located on the substrate, an output coupling waveguide located on the substrate and a modulation structure. The modulation structure comprises a phase change material layer located on the substrate, the phase change material layer is a continuous film layer and comprises a plurality of units, and the refractive indexes of at least two units are different; and the input coupling waveguide and the output coupling waveguide are respectively positioned at the side parts of the modulation structure, so that light rays emitted to the modulation structure through the input coupling waveguide are propagated along a direction parallel to the surface of the phase change material layer. The integrated optical element includes the on-chip optical element.

The invention belongs to the field of integrated photonics, and discloses a dynamic configuration device and method of an integrated optical processor chip. The configuration device comprises a signal acquisition module and a feedback configuration module, and the signal acquisition module detects an output signal of the integrated optical processor chip, processes the output signal into an electric signal and transmits the electric signal to the feedback configuration module; and the feedback configuration module processes and analyzes the electric signal based on a hybrid cooperation algorithm to generate a feedback control signal, and the feedback control signal is applied to a regulator of the integrated optical processor chip to influence the state of the regulator so as to realize dynamic configuration of the integrated optical processor chip. Compared with existing manual configuration, offline design and other methods, the method realizes real-time state mapping and dynamic configuration of the integrated optical processor chip, is a key technology for promoting practical application of the integrated optical processor chip, and is worthy of popularization and application.

The invention provides a method and a system for realizing a weak measurement enhanced chip-level microcavity gyroscope. The method comprises the following steps of: 1, providing a coherent state input by a system by using a single-frequency laser; 2, the output of the single-frequency laser is switched between a first path and a second path through an optical switch, the laser beam is transmitted to the first path in the first half part of the period, and the laser beam is transmitted to the second path in the second half part of the period; 3, the light transmitted along the first path and the second path respectively passes through an optical resonant cavity to sense the rotation angular speed, and a weak value amplification effect is achieved by setting front and back selection states; and step 4, weak measurement enhanced output results transmitted along the first path and the second path are respectively received by a photoelectric detector, and the value of the rotation angular velocity is demodulated according to the obtained output results. According to the invention, the optical microcavity is used as a sensing unit of the gyroscope, the sensing performance of the integrated optical gyroscope is greatly enhanced through a weak measurement technology, and the whole set of system can realize chip-level integration.

A calibration system and related methods for optical phased array chips. The calibration system includes an adjustable mount module, an infrared microscopic observation module, an arrayed driver module, a two-dimensional laser beam scanning module, a photoelectric conversion module and an upper computer, and utilizes computer-vision-enabled positioning and phase error compensation algorithms as software components. Collimated laser is emitted from the target beamforming angle and aimed at the emission aperture of the chip, and is subsequently sampled by the array elements in a reversed injection manner. Based on the reciprocity of light propagation, by maximizing the power reversely output from the bus waveguide of the optical phased array chip, beamforming at the target angle is achieved supported by software implementations of optimization algorithms. The system and related methods are readily achievable, highly automated, and offers fast and batch calibration with relatively low expenses, good flexibility and long-term compatibility.

A photonic integrated circuit including at least one integrated optical gain section having a peak gain at a first frequency; and at least one nonlinear sub-circuit which is coupled to the optical gain section either evanescently or through edge coupling, wherein the nonlinear sub-circuit further comprises at least one nonlinear component comprising at least one of a waveguide or a resonator comprising second-order nonlinearity enabling generation of frequency components at least one octave below or above the first frequency, and the nonlinear sub-circuit is configured to provide at least one of nonlinear interferometry wherein the interferometer output depends on the input intensity to the nonlinear sub-circuit, or spectral broadening by extending the spectrum outside the gain spectrum of the gain section.

The present invention discloses a reconfigurable integrated optical computing core model, comprising: M×N matrix calculation units; each matrix calculation unit includes two dual-waveguide microring resonators, a straight waveguide, and a phase change material heater, and the straight waveguide is made by covering a phase change material on a silicon waveguide; the phase change material heater is used to heat the phase change material to generate a phase change, thereby changing the light absorption of the straight waveguide; the integrated optical computing core model realizes the multiplication operation of an M×N matrix and an N×1 vector through integrated optical methods, where M and N are natural numbers. The present invention uses a phase change material in the computing core, changes the phase state of the phase change material by heating, changes the light absorption of the straight waveguide, and further changes the matrix elements in the computing core, realizing the reconfigurable characteristics of the computing core model. The present invention can be widely applied to the field of integrated optics.

The invention provides a heterogeneous integrated sub-wavelength structure end face coupler adaptive to a single-mode optical fiber and a preparation method of the heterogeneous integrated sub-wavelength structure end face coupler, and relates to the technical field of integrated optics. The coupler comprises a substrate, an insulating layer, a waveguide layer and a cladding from bottom to top. The waveguide layer comprises an upper lithium niobate ridge waveguide and a lower lithium niobate ridge waveguide, the lower waveguide is wider than the upper waveguide, and the upper waveguide is used for connecting an external waveguide; the heterogeneous integrated coupling region comprises a silicon nitride strip conical waveguide which forms directional coupling with the lower-layer lithium niobate waveguide, so that adiabatic transfer of a light field is realized; the sub-wavelength grating regulation and control region sequentially comprises a silicon nitride tapered waveguide and sub-wavelength grating combination section, a width gradually-changing grating section and an equal-width buffer grating section. The whole structure is symmetrical about the central axis. Through the multi-section adiabatic transformation and heterogeneous integration design, efficient expansion of a mode field is achieved, the coupling efficiency with a single-mode fiber is improved, and the advantages of being insensitive to polarization, good in process compatibility and suitable for high-density integration are achieved.

Silicon Photonics is a candidate technology for adding integrated optics functionality, either passive or active optical waveguides) to integrated circuits by leveraging the economies of scale of the CMOS microelectronics industry and using materials for the waveguide core such as silicon nitride (SiXNY) and silicon oxynitride (SiOXN1-X) for example. Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) provide for movable platforms relative to the substrate allowing additional functionality to be added to a silicon circuit but also Silicon Photonics. Accordingly, by combining “fixed” waveguides formed upon the substrate with “movable” waveguides formed upon one or more movable platforms the inventors have established a series of Integrated Optics MEMS (IO-MEMS) based on Silicon Photonics. Such IO-MEMS include optical switches, optical attenuators, optical gates, optical switch matrices, configurable wavelength division multiplexer / demultiplexer devices, etc. exploiting both platforms and deformable beams.

The invention provides a terahertz generation chip based on a thin film lithium niobate platform and a preparation method of the terahertz generation chip, and belongs to the field of integrated optics and microwave photons. According to the chip, terahertz waves are generated by utilizing a second-order nonlinear difference frequency effect on thin-film lithium niobate, and phase matching of an optical field and a terahertz field is realized through parameter design of an optical waveguide structure of the lithium niobate layer and a terahertz waveguide structure of the silicon layer. The device comprises a nonlinear action layer, an isolation layer, a terahertz transmission layer and a substrate layer. Firstly, a silicon layer is thinned through a mechanical polishing process, then polytetrafluoroethylene is bonded to the bottom of the thinned silicon layer, finally, waveguide structure etching is carried out, a specific waveguide shape and size are constructed, and efficient generation and transmission of terahertz waves are achieved. The method has strong practical operability, and has wide application prospects in the fields of terahertz communication, spectroscopy, remote sensing and the like.

An optical waveguide structure for an optical gyroscope, the structure including a substrate; at least a first silicon nitride waveguide loop and a second silicon nitride waveguide loop connected to the substrate, the first silicon nitride waveguide loop and the second silicon nitride waveguide being disposed at different vertical distances from the substrate; at least one vertical coupler optically coupling the first silicon nitride waveguide loop to the second silicon nitride waveguide; and a plurality of air cavities defined in material below the first and second silicon nitride waveguide loops, no air cavities being defined in regions immediately below a coupling region defined around the at least one vertical coupler.

The integrated optical structure includes a frequency-selective reflecting structure disposed between a decorative cover layer and an underlying metal layer. The underlying metal layer is configured to reflect and / or absorb radio frequency electromagnetic waves transmitted by the decorative cover layer and the frequency-selective reflecting structures. Each of the frequency-selective reflecting structures includes a frequency-selective surface layer having metal elements arranged on a multilayer stack and repeated across the frequency-selective surface layer to form an array. The integrated optical structure reflects collimated incident RF electromagnetic waves having a wavelength in the range of 1.0 mm to 10 cm and incident at an incident angle at a reflection angle different from the incident angle as collimated reflected waves. For normally incident light having a first visible wavelength, the frequency-selective reflecting structure has an optical transmittance greater than 50%.

The lithium niobate-silicon nitride waveguide structure comprises a silicon substrate layer, a first silicon oxide isolation layer, a second silicon oxide isolation layer, a lithium niobate thin film layer and a silicon oxide dielectric layer which are stacked in sequence, the second silicon oxide isolation layer is wrapped with a silicon nitride layer; the thickness of the second silicon oxide isolation layer between the silicon nitride layer and the lithium niobate thin film layer is 50 + / -10nm; the thickness of the silicon nitride layer is 400 + / -10nm, and the thickness of the lithium niobate film layer is 600 + / -50nm; the silicon oxide dielectric layer is provided with at least two electrodes which are arranged at intervals. According to the lithium niobate-silicon nitride waveguide structure, the preparation method and the optical gyroscope provided by the invention, on the basis of the advantages of silicon nitride and lithium niobate materials, an ultra-low-loss silicon nitride waveguide, an ultra-high-Q-value micro-ring resonator and a high-modulation-rate lithium niobate modulator are obtained at the same time through a lithium niobate and silicon nitride hybrid integration method; and thus, the overall performance of the resonant integrated optical gyroscope is improved.

This invention relates to the field of laser technology, specifically to a three-optical-path integrated PDH frequency stabilization system. It includes a three-laser input module, an integrated optical module, and three independent servo control modules. The three-laser input module provides three laser beams to be stabilized. The integrated optical module integrates the functions of the three independent optical paths onto a single substrate, achieving separation of transmission, beam combining, and reflected light. Simultaneously, it receives the three reflected beams and converts them into three electrical PDH error signals. The three independent servo control modules receive the three error signals respectively, process them, and generate feedback control signals, which are fed back to the corresponding three lasers to complete three independent frequency-locking loops. This invention significantly reduces the system's size and cost. The integrated optical module achieves compact integration of the three optical paths, improving system stability and anti-interference capabilities, reducing debugging difficulty, and ensuring system consistency.

The present invention belongs to the field of surface plasmon nanolasers, and particularly relates to a surface plasmon laser based on a pair of silver nanowires for a Fabry-Perot cavity. The laser includes a single-crystalline pair of silver nanowires, a gain medium, and a super-smooth metal film. An isolation layer is provided on the super-smooth metal film, the gain medium is disposed on the isolation layer, and the single-crystalline pair of silver nanowires are respectively disposed on both sides of the gain medium, so that the pair of silver nanowires and the super-smooth gold film form a surface plasmon resonance cavity of a composite structure, providing strong electric field confinement and directional scattering characteristics. The surface plasmon laser proposed by the present invention has a simple preparation process and is easy to operate. It can effectively convert pump light into surface plasmons and well confine them in the resonance cavity, realizing efficient excitation of the laser, obtaining an ultra-low excitation threshold, and being more suitable for micro-nano on-chip optical integration; by virtue of the scattering directivity of the surface plasmon resonance cavity, the problem of poor directivity of the plasmon laser can be improved. The present invention expands the application of surface plasmon lasers in the field of integrated optics.

There is presented a system for outputting a plurality of electromagnetic, EM, radiation beams. The system is configured such that at least one of the EM radiation beams interacts with an atom of plurality of atoms of a neutral atom, quantum computer that is not interacted with by a second of the EM radiation beams; or, at least two of the EM radiation beams are for interacting with a respective different atom of a plurality of atoms neutral atom quantum computer. The plurality of atoms is for defining a respective plurality of qubits in a quantum computation performed by the neutral atom quantum computer. The system comprises one or more integrated-optic EM radiation source assemblies for generating at least first and second EM radiation and outputting said EM radiation along respective spatially separate output paths. The system comprises a plurality of integrated-optic EM modulator apparatus. At least a first of the integrated-optic EM modulator apparatus is for receiving the first EM radiation. At least a second of the integrated-optic EM modulator apparatus is for receiving the second EM radiation. The system comprises a plurality of output couplers. Each output coupler is for receiving, along a plane, EM radiation output from at least one of the integrated-optic modulator apparatus. Each output coupler is further for outputting the received EM radiation as an EM radiation beam in a direction either along the same plane or out of the plane.

The invention discloses an on-chip integrated optical frequency comb generation structure and an optical frequency comb generation method, the structure is formed by heterogeneous integration of a laser chip and an integrated optical microcavity chip, and the integrated optical microcavity chip comprises a polarization beam splitter, two ring filters, an Add-drop type microcavity and two output ports; the polarization beam splitter is used for dividing laser injected by the laser chip into a TE mode and a TM mode, and the TE mode and the TM mode have different power ratios and are injected into the two ring filters respectively. The two ring filters are respectively provided with a heating electrode for controlling the size of the passing wavelength, and the two ring filters have different diameters for transmitting different wavelengths; the Add-drop type microcavity is used for generating an optical frequency comb, and a heating electrode is arranged above the microcavity and used for controlling the resonant wavelength passing through the microcavity. The problems that an existing optical frequency comb debugging system is large and debugging is complex can be solved, the size of the microcavity optical frequency comb can be greatly reduced, and power consumption is reduced.

The invention discloses a coaxial automatic focus detection system based on FPGA acceleration, which comprises a computer, an integrated optical module and an FPGA processing module, and is characterized in that the computer is used for issuing instructions to the integrated optical module and the FPGA processing module and controlling image data to be transmitted between the integrated optical module and the FPGA processing module; the integrated optical module is used for projecting a pattern to a to-be-measured object and collecting an optical signal reflected by the to-be-measured object; and the FPGA processing module is used for directly performing phase shift modulation degree calculation on the acquired sequence image flow through internal parallel hardware logic, and constructing a modulation degree-axial position curve of each pixel point in parallel to determine an optimal focal plane. According to the method, the coding pattern is actively projected, stable and reliable characteristics are established for the focus detection process, a general optical principle and special hardware acceleration are deeply fused, a traditional software processing mode is replaced, the order of magnitude of the focus detection speed is improved, the system has high adaptability, the application range is expanded, and the method is suitable for high-speed online precision detection.

The embodiment of the present application provides a grating encoder and an encoding method, and relates to the technical field of integrated optical devices. The grating encoder comprises an optical signal input end, a mode regulation area and an optical signal output end, the mode regulation area comprises a substrate, at least two straight waveguides and at least one subwavelength grating waveguide; the at least two straight waveguides and the at least one subwavelength grating waveguide are alternately and equally spaced arranged on the substrate; the duty cycle of one subwavelength grating waveguide in the unit where the subwavelength grating waveguide is located is 0.5, and the unit is composed of the subwavelength grating waveguide, the straight waveguide alternately arranged with the subwavelength grating waveguide and the interval between the subwavelength grating waveguide and the straight waveguide; one subwavelength grating waveguide and one straight waveguide alternately arranged with the subwavelength grating waveguide jointly constitute one unit cell, and each individual unit cell contains one normalized flux. The signal strength attenuation and mode distortion are reduced.

The invention relates to the technical field of fiber-optic gyroscopes, in particular to a fiber-optic gyroscope half-wave voltage temperature error compensation method which comprises the following steps: measuring half-wave voltages of an integrated optical chip at different temperatures within a working temperature range, and establishing a first relation model representing a relation between the half-wave voltages of the integrated optical chip and an ambient temperature, establishing a second relation model representing the relation between the feedback gain coefficient and the environment temperature based on the first relation model and the digital closed-loop working principle of the fiber-optic gyroscope; determining a half-wave voltage temperature error compensation model according to the second relation model; a temperature sensor is used for measuring the environment temperature of the integrated optical chip in real time, and the average temperature in a preset compensation period is obtained; on the basis of the half-wave voltage temperature error compensation model, a compensated feedback gain is obtained according to the average temperature to adjust the fiber-optic gyroscope; according to the invention, the measurement precision of the fiber-optic gyroscope can be improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of integrated optical devices, and discloses a compact, high-efficiency and large-bandwidth thin-film lithium niobate end face coupler for large die spots, which comprises a substrate and an insulating layer, the single-layer back taper film lithium niobate waveguide layer, the first double-layer back taper film lithium niobate waveguide layer and the second double-layer back taper film lithium niobate waveguide layer are arranged on the insulating layer; the low-refractive-index waveguide layer is arranged in front of the thin-film lithium niobate waveguide, and the thin-film lithium niobate waveguide is covered with the three-dimensional tapering low-refractive-index waveguide wrapping layer. According to the invention, the coupling efficiency and bandwidth are improved by optimizing the low-refractive-index waveguide layer and matching with the mode of a laser chip large spot; the optical mode is efficiently and compactly coupled to the second double-layer inverted-cone waveguide layer by means of the single-layer and double-layer inverted-cone thin film lithium niobate waveguide layers in cooperation with the three-dimensional tapering low-refractive-index waveguide cladding layer and the transition cladding layer.

The invention discloses an integrated optical chip processing method for improving the full-temperature stability of a lithium niobate electro-optical modulation coefficient. The method comprises the steps that S1, the surface of an integrated optical chip is coated with a layer of photoresist with the thickness ranging from 20 micrometers to 30 micrometers, and thermocuring treatment is conducted after bonding; s2, two to-be-ground and polished end face areas of the integrated optical chip are each bonded with an accompanying piece through removable pyrolysis glue, and UV curing is carried out after bonding; s3, the integrated optical chips bonded with the accompanying chips are bonded with pyrolysis glue, and UV curing treatment is carried out; and S4, after the end face is processed, the assembly is soaked in warm water at the temperature of 85 DEG C to remove the pyrolysis glue, separation of the integrated optical chip and the chip and separation of the accompanying chip and the chip are completed, after the chip is completely separated, the chip is soaked in acetone at the normal temperature to remove the photoresist on the surface, and processing of the end face of the integrated optical chip is completed.