47 results about "Electrode erosion" patented technology

A method and apparatus to maximize spark plug life in pre-chamber spark plugs operating with ultra-lean mixtures and/or elevated engine BMEP is presented. Electrode erosion is reduced by spreading discharge energy over a wider surface area, maintaining fuel concentration in the spark gap, controlling gas static pressure during discharge, and maintaining safe electrode temperature. Energy is spread via a swirling effect created by periphery holes in an end cap, resulting in a lower specific energy discharge at the electrodes. Divergently configured electrodes reduce the spark voltage at high operating pressures and the energy required for ignition. The flow field generated at the electrodes prevents electrical shorts due to water condensation and avoids misfire. The center electrode insulation provides an effective heat transfer path to prevent electrode overheating and pre-ignition. The volume behind the electrodes provides a volume for burnt products from previous combustion cycles and leads to more reliable ignition.

A spark-ignited, internal combustion engine ignition device to increase electrical transfer efficiency of the ignition by peaking the electrical power of the spark during the streamer phase of spark creation and improving combustion quality, incorporating an electrode design and materials to reduce electrode erosion due to high power discharge, an insulator provided with capacitive plates to peak the electrical current of the spark discharge, and concomitant methods.

A laser and method for operating a laser and disclosed. The laser may include a first discharge electrode and a second discharge electrode positioned at a distance from the first electrode. A laserable gas may be provided together with a circulation system to flow the gas into a space between the electrodes. A voltage source may be connected to the electrodes for creating a discharge in the space; and a flow guide having a guide surface in contact with the gas may be provided that is guide selectively moveable relative to the first electrode to guide a flow of gas into the space. In one implementation, the flow guide directs flow toward an extremity of the first electrode and is adjustable to direct flow toward the extremity as the first electrode wears.

A surface acoustic wave device is enable to prevent electrode erosion, without any specific environmental process. The surface acoustic wave device includes a piezoelectric substrate, an electrode for the formation of surface acoustic wave, being formed on the piezoelectric substrate, on the piezoelectric substrate, a frame-shaped layer surrounding the electrode for the formation of surface acoustic wave, and a lid body formed on the frame-shaped layer by bonding, so as to form a hollow portion between the lid body and the electrode for the formation of surface acoustic wave. The frame-shaped layer and the lid body include photosensitive resin, and the lid body includes a through hole, and the through hole is sealed with a halogen-free thermosetting resin.

An implantable lead device and method for implanting the lead, wherein the lead device electrically stimulates tissue within a patient's body and more particularly the lead device stimulates gastrointestinal tissue. The implantable lead may be inserted through the tissue with minimal expansion of the penetration tunnel and attached to the tissue being stimulated with minimal efforts or apparatus. The implantable lead has flexible properties thus minimizing the potential for electrode erosion, maximizing tissue compliance, and minimizing the mechanical stress concentration that may result in fatigue failure in the lead.

An efficient, intense ultraviolet radiation source is disclosed that uses electrodes, external to the UV-generating plasma, to eliminate electrode erosion. High-frequency electrical energy is coupled to the UV-emitting plasma capacitively. The electrodes are attached to the glass envelope in such a way as to minimize or eliminate resistive or capacitive losses. The intense ultraviolet radiation source can be generated by applying a continuous or pulsed/gated high-frequency voltage to the glass envelope via the external electrodes. Electrode erosion is eliminated as a reason for lamp failure and the peak intensity that can be generated without damage is greatly increased.

The invention discloses a repetition frequency voltage-multiplying square-wave generator based on a magnetic switch. The repletion frequency voltage-multiplying square-wave generator comprises an adjustable pulse source, a magnetic pulse compressor circuit, a square-wave voltage multiplying Marx generator and a matched load. The square-wave generator is connected behind a main capacitor or pulse transformer in a cascading manner, is subjected to parallel charging to various stages of pulse forming lines, and then subjected to series discharging to the matched load so as to obtain output square-wave pulse, and therefore purposes of voltage multiplying, high-repetition frequency and rising edge compression are achieved. The magnetic switch serves as a pulse forming switch and substitutes for a conventional gas switch. Due to the fact that the magnetic switch has no problems of electrode erosion and insulation restoration, the generator can run at high-repetition frequency. In the following embodiment, the square-wave source can reach the repetition working frequency over 20 kHz which is much higher than the 100Hz-level repetition working frequency of a conventional square-wave source based on the pulse forming lines. In addition, the magnetic switch also has an effect of sharpening rising edges of square waves.

The invention discloses a construction method for soft foundation consolidation by utilizing carbon fiber cement mixing piles combined with the electroosmosis method. The construction method is characterized in that conductive carbon fibers are added into the conventional cement mixing piles, and conductive blocks are arranged at the tops of the piles to form electrodes; and besides, a horizontalsand cushion layer and vertical plastic drainage plates are laid to serve as drainage channels, and a calcium chloride solution or sodium silicate solution is injected into the soil among the piles during different periods of time from the top ends of the plastic drainage plates, so as to shorten the electroosmosis period and improve the strength of the soil among the piles. With the adoption of the construction method for soft foundation consolidation by utilizing carbon fiber cement mixing piles combined with the electroosmosis method, the problems of electrode erosion of the electroosmosismethod and gathering and accumulating of gas bubbles are effectively solved, and the advantages as follows are achieved: the construction time is short, the strength of the foundation after treatmentis high, and the post-construction settlement is little

The invention discloses a spiral wave plasma propelling unit without a neutralizer. The spiral wave plasma propelling unit comprises a working medium supply unit and a spiral wave plasma source, the spiral wave plasma source comprises a discharging room, electromagnetic coils, a ceramic sleeve and a spiral wave excitation antenna. The spiral wave excitation antenna is connected with a radio frequency power source and sleeves the outer side of the front of the discharging room, the spiral wave excitation antenna and the discharging room where the spiral wave excitation antenna is located are located inside the ceramic sleeve, and the electromagnetic coils sleeve the exterior of the ceramic sleeve; a gas inlet communicated with the working medium supply unit is formed in the front end of thedischarging room, an accelerating grid electrode and a decelerating grid electrode are sequentially arranged at the rear end of the discharging room, and the accelerating grid electrode is connectedwith a radio frequency power source through a capacitor. The spiral wave plasma propelling unit has the advantages that generating and accelerating of plasmas are free of electrode erosion, meanwhile,the advantage of a high ionization degree of the plasmas is considered, and compared with a traditional magnetic spray nozzle propelling unit, specific impulse is higher, thrust is larger, and performance is better.

The invention discloses a repetition frequency compact pulse multiplier based on a Fitch circuit. The positive electrode of input voltage needing to be multiplied is connected to one end of the multiplier by a satiable inductor or a magnetic switch, and the negative electrode of the input voltage is directly connected with the other end of the multiplier; the multiplier comprises N capacitors connected in parallel, and a series circuit of a coupling inductor and a high-frequency silicon stack is connected between the two ends of the nth capacitor and the n+1th capacitor connected with the negative electrode of the input voltage; another coupling inductor is connected between the two ends of the n+1th capacitor and the n+2th capacitor connected with the positive electrode of the input voltage; n is equal to 1, 3, 5 ...; due to the arrangement of a plurality of dotted terminals of the coupling inductor, the condition that the sum of the flowing inductive current when the capacitors are charged counteracts to be zero can be ensured; a plurality of the dotted terminals of another coupling inductor are consistent in direction; and the two ends of the nth capacitor are connected with the satiable inductor in parallel. In the invention, the charging time is the pulse multiplier is short, and the voltage-second product of the satiable inductor is small; no electrode erosion and insulation recovery exist in the magnetic switch, so that the circuit can be operated under high repetition frequency.

A high power DC steam plasma torch system (S) includes a steam plasma torch assembly (1) wherein superheated steam (46) is used as the main plasma forming gas, thereby resulting in a very reactive steam plasma plume. The superheated steam (46) is injected internally directly into the plasma plume via a ceramic lined steam feed tube (25) for reducing condensation of steam before reaching the plasma plume. The superheated steam (46) flows through a gas vortex (16) which has tangentially drilled holes thereby resulting in a high speed gas swirl that minimizes electrode erosion. In the present steam plasma torch system (S), the plasma torch assembly (1) is ignited using an ignition contactor which is housed external to the plasma torch assembly (1). The superheated steam (46) is injected into the plasma plume using a water cooled steam vortex generator assembly (15).

The invention relates to a field-distortion oil-medium trigger switch comprising a closed non-metal casing, a high-voltage electrode, a low-voltage electrode, a trigger electrode and an external trigger switch. The high-voltage electrode and the low-voltage electrode are arranged in the non-metal casing. The non-metal casing is filled with transformer oil. The high-voltage electrode that is circular is arranged on the inner side of the bottom of the non-metal casing. The trigger electrode comprises a trigger electrode stem and a trigger disc; the trigger disc is arranged between the high-voltage electrode and the low-voltage electrode, one end of the trigger electrode stem is fixedly connected with the trigger disc, and the other end of the trigger electrode stem extends out of the top of the non-metal casing to be electrically connected with the external trigger switch. The casing, the high-voltage electrode, the low-voltage electrode, the trigger electrode stem and the trigger disc are arranged coaxially. Since the trigger electrode structure is introduced, field distortion of working clearance, control of ON time and multiple discharge channels are realized, range of work voltage of the switch is expanded, electrode erosion degree is lowered, and the field-distortion oil-medium trigger switch is applicable to switching-on of hundreds of nanosecond to several microsecond megavolt level voltage pulse.

The invention provides a method for protecting graphite electrodes from oxidation corrosion. The method comprises the following steps: (A), first, filling the intervals among the graphite electrodes with metallurgical coke powder with a granularity of 3-12 mm; (B) then, filling the peripheries of the graphite electrodes with coke powder with a granularity of 0-15 mm. The method has the effects of protecting the graphite electrodes from corrosion, and prolonging the service lives of the graphite electrodes.

The invention relates to a method for flattening a medium surface in a heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) process, comprising the steps: A. coating a medium layer in a spin mode on the basis of vaporizing emitter metal, corroding an emitter, vaporizing basal pole metal, corroding and respectively corroding a basal pole and a collector and manufacturing binding posts of the basal pole and the collector; B. solidifying a medium at high temperature; C. placing a substrate under a plasma and etching the medium by a dry process until the top surface and the binding post of the emitter metal are exposed; D. coating photoresist on the surface of the medium in the spin mode; E. photoetching and developing the photoresist to form a wiring figure; F. vaporizing wiring metal; and G. peeling the wiring metal. By using the invention, the yield of a device can be effectively improved, the instability for manufacturing a micro airbridge is prevented, and the method has a great function on improving the property consistency of the device.

The invention relates to an extra-high-voltage DC disc-type suspension insulator capable of suppressing metal electrode corrosion. An iron cap electrode of the insulator is provided with a separate iron cap accessory system; a steel pin electrode is provided with a steel pin accessory system; and the iron cap accessory system and the steel pin accessory system are closely contacted with the lowereave of an iron cap and the part, exposed to the air, of a steel pin respectively. The separate iron cap accessory system is formed by connecting left and right two parts through a concavo-convex combination mode; and an inclined-plane-shape upper surface is transited from a sine curve to an arc-shaped curve, and then, the arc-shaped curve is transited to a taper groove and an arc-shaped groove ofthe lower surface. A smooth surface of the upper surface of the steel pin accessory system is transited to an elbow; and the elbow is transited to a lower arc, a circular protruding head, an equipotential surface shape and an upper arc. The extra-high-voltage DC disc-type suspension insulator can reduce the possibility of generating leakage current, effectively improves external insulation strength of the insulator, can effectively weaken oxidation effect of ozone and effectively limits metal electrode corrosion, is convenient to assemble and convenient to construct.

The present invention relates to a method of dispersing arc to improve the service life of a generator and an arc plasma generator. Before being attached to an anode, the arc flows through a constraint channel of a small diameter and an expansion structure channel of promoting the arc to expand and disperse, the arc is expanded and dispersed, and the current density of the arc in an electrode surface attachment area is reduced, thereby reducing the electrode erosion. The arc dispersion of the present invention enables the electrode erosion to be reduced effectively to thereby improve the service life of the generator, the generator can be designed according to different application conditions, and the application range of the generator is expanded.

The invention relates to an induction switch comprising a discharge container filled with gas and a coaxially interleaved electrode device, and to a corresponding method for commutating high voltages. The inductive production of a dense plasma and the subsequent flooding of an electrode gap with the plasma ions produced enables the commutation of high currents in the kiloamp range when there are blocking voltages of over 500 kV. Such an induction switch only requires a single discharge gap, can be used over a very wide voltage range, and avoids the problem of electrode erosion as a result of the electrode-free energy coupling.