The invention relates to a bypass shunt double-sided arc welding device and a welding method, which is characterized in that the device comprises a welding source, a main welding gun, an auxiliary welding gun, a bypass welding gun, an arc striker, a current sensor, a bypass resistor and a control system, etc. the main welding gun and the auxiliary welding gun are symmetrically arranged at both sides of a workpiece and are connected with two poles of the welding source; the bypass welding gun is argon tungsten-arc welding gun and is applied to one side of the main welding gun as a bypass to shunt partial welding current flowing through mother plates; therefore, the main welding gun can be connected with big current, reduce heat input acting on the mother plates while realizing high deposition efficiency and improve welding quality, while the auxiliary welding gun on the back of a molten pool is only connected with partial current, which is conductive to reducing electrode erosion and improving bearing capacity of the molten pool. As tungsten electrode electronic work function of the bypass welding gun is far lower than that of a metal workpiece, by the method, limit of welding wire shunt can be overcome and bypass current can be conveniently adjusted so as to ensure heat and force acting on the arc and molten pool are at ideal levels, therefore, the welding method is efficient and controllable.