The invention discloses a swing arc-based multi-layer and multi-channel weld tracking system and an identification method thereof. The weld tracking system comprises a welding gun, a welding power supply, a wire feeder, a welding tractor, a swinger, a driver, a hall current sensor, a main carriage and the like, wherein the welding gun is used for performing oscillatory scanning on a weld groove when driven by the swinger in the welding process, the change of relative positions between the welding gun and a workpiece directly causes the change of arc length, and the change of the arc length causes the change of arc parameters such as arc current, arc voltage and the like; the hall current sensor is used for sending detected welding current signals and positioning pulse signals to the controller, automatically judging the weld shape according to certain operation rules, processing the weld shape by selecting corresponding weld deviation signal extraction schemes and acquiring weld deviation information; and the swinger is used for regulating weld deviation, automatically tracking welds and completing automatic welding.