1365results about How to "Increase the output voltage" patented technology

A wireless communications system optimizes performance by dividing communications functionality between a wireless pacemaker and a wireless monitoring base station according to the design constraints imposed by the system elements. Typical design constraints include high frequency operation, low pacemaker power consumption, reasonable range, high data rate, minimal RF radiation of internal circuitry, small pacemaker antenna system, simple pacemaker RF circuit design, high reliability, low pacemaker cost, and use of existing pacemaker construction methodologies.

Electronic devices and methods are disclosed to provide and to test a physically unclonable function (PUF) based on relative threshold voltages of one or more pairs of transistors. In a particular embodiment, an electronic device is operable to generate a response to a challenge. The electronic device includes a plurality of transistors, with each of the plurality of transistors having a threshold voltage substantially equal to an intended threshold voltage. The electronic device includes a challenge input configured to receive the challenge. The challenge input includes one or more bits that are used to individually select each of a pair of transistors of the plurality of transistors. The electronic device also includes a comparator to receive an output voltage from each of the pair of transistors and to generate a response indicating which of the pair of transistors has the higher output voltage. The output voltage of each of the pair of transistors varies based on the threshold voltage of each of the pair of transistors.

A power converter circuitry for converting a DC voltage generated by a generator with varying output power in the mean voltage range into an alternating voltage for feeding into a grid, with several series-connected power converters, which are connected in parallel with said generator, as well as with a controllable bridging switch for each power converter, said bridging switch lying in a direct voltage intermediate circuit and bridging the respective power converter in the closed condition, is intended to be used for a photovoltaic generator. This is achieved in that a resistance chopper is connected between each power converter and the generator, no input diode being provided in the current path from the generator to the power converter, and that each bridging switch is connected in parallel with the resistance chopper in the direct voltage intermediate circuit.

The method and system for managing power supplied from a charging circuit to a power source in an implantable medical device comprises the steps of and circuitry for: measuring the current drain of the medical device; measuring the elapsed time since the last full charge of a power source of the device; calculating the actual capacity of the power source (corrected for fade) based on the variable of current drain and the variable of elapsed time; calculating the operating time based on the variable of current drain and the variable of the actual capacity of the power source; measuring the voltage of the power source; signaling the medical device when the power source voltage has reached a certain low value which requires disconnection from the power source; disconnecting, during discharging, the power source from the medical device upon the power source reaching a certain low voltage in order to prevent deep discharging of the power source and subsequent damage; precisely limiting the charging voltage to the power source in order to prevent overcharging beyond safe limits; disconnecting, during charging, the power source from the charging circuit upon the power source reaching a certain high voltage in order to prevent overcharging of the power source and subsequent damage; sensing when the electromagnetic waves being transmitted by an RF transmitter/charger induce a voltage level above a certain value at an RF receiver of the implanted power management system; reconnecting power supply inputs of the medical device to the power source upon sensing this induced high voltage level; monitoring the temperature of the power source during charging and discharging; disconnecting the charging circuitry from the power source if the temperature of the power source raises above a certain level during charging; reconnecting the charging circuitry to the power source when the temperature of the power source drops below a certain low value during charging; disconnecting the implanted medical device from the power source if the temperature of the power source raises above a certain level during discharging; and, reconnecting the medical device to the power source when the temperature of the power source drops below a certain low value during discharging.

It is intended to reduce the media noise, and to improve the recording density dependence of read output voltage. The present invention provides a perpendicular magnetic recording media and its manufacturing process, wherein a perpendicular magnetic recording medium comprises a soft magnetic underlayer film and a perpendicular magnetizing film, these films being formed on a substrate in this order, a smoothness control film such as Cr film, being inserted between the substrate and the soft magnetic underlayer film. Therefore, perpendicular orientation and surface smoothness are improved for the perpendicular magnetizing film laminated on the smooth surface of the soft magnetic underlayer film. As the perpendicular orientation is improved for the perpendicular magnetizing film, the initial layer is reduced, thereby media noise being lowered and recording density dependence of read output voltage being improved. In addition, as the surface smoothness is improved for the perpendicular magnetizing film, sliding characteristics of a recording/reproducing head is also improved, thereby this also lowering the media noise.

A fuel cell comprised of a proton conductive electrolyte film sandwiched between a pair of catalyst layers, wherein the catalyst layer of at least the cathode is comprised of a mixture including a catalyst ingredient, an electrolytic material, and a carbon material, the carbon material is comprised of a catalyst-carrying carbon material carrying the catalyst ingredient and a gas-diffusing carbon material not carrying the catalyst ingredient, and the catalyst-carrying carbon material has an amount of adsorption of water vapor at 25° C. and a relative humidity of 90% of 50 ml/g or more.

A polymer gel electrolyte includes an electrolyte solution composed of a plasticizer with at least two carbonate structures on the molecule and an electrolyte salt, in combination with a matrix polymer. Secondary batteries made with the polymer gel electrolyte can operate at a high capacitance and a high current, have a broad service temperature range and a high level of safety, and are thus particularly well-suited for use in such applications as lithium secondary cells and lithium ion secondary cells. Electrical double-layer capacitors made with the polymer gel electrolyte have a high output voltage, a large output current, a broad service temperature range and excellent safety.

An electric wheeled apparatus comprises a main body, at least one wheel supported by the main body in a rotatable manner; an electric motor configured to apply torque to the at least one wheel, a battery interface configured to removably receive at least one battery pack which is originally designed as a power source of an electric power tool, and an electric circuit unit configured to electrically connect the at least one battery pack attached to the battery interface with the electric motor.

A compressor unit includes a compressor, an inverter for driving the compressor, and an over-current protective device for protecting the inverter against an output over-current. A control part controls the output voltage of the inverter when the compressor is started based on a ambient temperature detected by a temperature sensor so that the input current of the inverter does not exceed the working current value of the over-current protective device having temperature characteristics varying according to the ambient temperature. Thereby, a start torque can be increased by increasing the output voltage of the inverter without operating the over-current protective device when the compressor is stated at a low temperature when a start load is increased.

An interface infiltrated quasi-solid alkali metal cell is provided by the invention and comprises a cathode layer, an anode layer and an electrolyte layer. The electrolyte layer is a solid electrolyte. The cathode layer and/or the anode layer comprise electrode active compounds and an interface infiltrating additive. The interface infiltrating additive is of a liquid state in a work temperature range, can conduct ions and can infiltrate the electrode active compounds and the solid electrolyte. Electrodes of the cell and a preparing method of the cell are also provided by the invention. The cell is high in safety characteristics and wide in voltage window and can work in a wide temperature range.

To provide a fuel cell system that can both improve power generation efficiency of a fuel cell and maintain durability of the fuel cell. A fuel cell system performs control such that when a power requirement for the fuel cell is lower than a predetermined value, a supply of a reaction gas to a fuel cell is stopped to keep an output voltage from the fuel cell equal to a high-potential avoidance voltage that is lower than an open end voltage. The fuel cell system further controls the output voltage from the fuel cell with the high-potential avoidance voltage set to be an upper limit when the power requirement for the fuel cell is equal to or higher than a predetermined value. By setting the upper limit of the output voltage of the fuel cell to be the high-potential avoidance voltage, which is lower than the open end voltage, the catalyst can be inhibited from being degraded by an increase in the output voltage from the fuel cell up to the open end voltage.

A display device includes a first layer having an optically active display portion, a second layer including a photovoltaic element, and a third layer including electronics operatively coupled to the first layer, wherein the electronics are configured to drive the optically active display portion. Further, the second layer is arranged between the first and third layers.

A control circuit for controlling a switching element in a switching power supply by generating a switching signal is disclosed. The control circuit may include a short start circuit that generates a switching signal so that an output voltage of the switching power supply gradually increases for a period until the output voltage reaches a predetermined reference voltage. The soft start circuit may increase the output voltage at a first limiting speed when the output voltage is lower than a predetermined threshold voltage, and may increase the output voltage at a second limiting speed which is set higher than the first limiting speed when the output voltage is higher than the threshold voltage.

Methods, system and apparatus are provided for overmodulation of a five-phase machine in a vector controlled motor drive system that includes a five-phase PWM controlled inverter module that drives the five-phase machine. Techniques for overmodulating a reference voltage vector are provided to optimize voltage command signals that control a five-phase inverter module to increase output voltages generated by the five-phase inverter module.

There is provided by this invention an apparatus and method of supplying to ignite a plasma wherein in the event of an arc a shunt switch is used to divert the power away from the plasma that is incorporated into an over-voltage protection circuit that controls the shunt switch to act as a boost switch when the arc is extinguished such that the stored inductor energy is used to boost the ignition voltage for reigniting the plasma if it is extinguished. When the arc is extinguished, the inductor current is diminished, and the plasma is ignited, then the switch S1 is turned OFF and the inductor energy goes to the plasma and the power supply operates in its normal operating mode.

A control circuit is provided for a separately excited DC/DC converter which directly monitors output voltage to detect a short-circuit state, and performs overcurrent protection. A switching controller of the control circuit controls a switching operation of a switching transistor of the separately excited DC/DC converter. A voltage comparator compares the output voltage and a threshold voltage, to detect the short-circuit state. After a predetermined start-up time has elapsed after beginning start-up of the separately excited DC/DC converter, when the voltage comparator detects the short-circuit state, the switching controller halts the switching operation of the switching transistor, and makes detection of the short-circuit state by the voltage comparator non-operative before elapse of the start-up time. After detecting the short-circuit state and halting the switching operation of the switching transistor for a predetermined halt time, the switching controller begins start-up of the separately excited DC/DC converter once again.

The output voltage of an MRAM is increased by means of an Fe(001)/MgO(001)/Fe(001) MTJ device, which is formed by microfabrication of a sample prepared by the following steps. A single-crystalline MgO(001) substrate 11 is prepared. An epitaxial Fe(001) lower electrode (a first electrode) 17 with the thickness of 50 nm is grown on a MgO(001) seed layer 15 at room temperature, followed by annealing under ultrahigh vacuum (2×10⁻⁸ Pa) and at 350° C. A MgO(001) barrier layer 21 with the thickness of 2 nm is epitaxially formed on the Fe(001) lower electrode (the first electrode) at room temperature, using a MgO electron-beam evaporation. A Fe(001) upper electrode (a second electrode) with the thickness of 10 nm is then formed on the MgO(001) barrier layer 21 at room temperature. This is successively followed by the deposition of a Co layer 21 with the thickness of 10 nm on the Fe(001) upper electrode (the second electrode) 23. The Co layer 21 is provided so as to increase the coercive force of the upper electrode 23 in order to realize an antiparallel magnetization alignment.

A hybrid-vehicle driving system includes an engine, a transmission, a first motor/generator provided between the engine and the transmission, and a battery that can charge and discharge the first motor/generator. When an estimated output voltage of the first motor/generator becomes higher than or equal to a predetermined voltage during a gear shift operation of the transmission, the battery is electrically disconnected from the driving system, and the voltage of a power line on the side of the first motor/generator is then decreased so as to charge the battery.

Adaptive rail power amplifier technology processes an audio signal by feeding the audio signal to the power amplifier to produce an output signal, applying positive and negative power supply voltages centered with respect to the audio signal to the positive and negative power supply rails of the power amplifier, comparing the output signal with the positive and negative power supply rail voltages to produce dynamically varying positive and negative control signals, feeding the positive and negative control signals to positive and negative high current charge pumps and adding supplemental positive and negative voltages from the positive and negative charge pumps to the positive and negative power supply rails to produce a linear adaptive rail voltage which tracks the output signal.