The invention relates to a temperature filed measurement device based on colored CCD. The device comprises a color filter, an optical lens, a colored CCD area array sensor, and a data acquisition analysis unit, wherein the color filter has two response characteristics of single peak transmittance, and is arranged in front of the optical lens to change spectrum distribution of optical imaging of an object to be detected; the optical lens focuses radiation of the object to be detected penetrating the color filter on a focal plane of the colored CCD area array sensor; the colored CCD area array sensor images the radiation, which is focused by the optical lens, of the object to be detected, so as to acquire spectral response data of red, green and blue paths; and the data acquisition analysis unit acquires the three paths of the spectral response data, and calculates the temperature field by a colorimetric temperature measurement method. The invention also relates to a corresponding method for measuring the temperature field. The technical proposal can realize measurement of the temperature field, and can acquire richer temperature information on a high-temperature object. Furthermore, the technical proposal can be realized simply, and an integrated system has low cost and stable performance, and is easy to popularize and apply in high-temperature detection and other industrial production fields.