The invention provides signal processing equipment of a PET detector based on a neural network localizer. The equipment integrates and realizes procedures for processing a series of signals from a photoelectric switching signal outputted by a detector to the action position coordinate of the gamma ray counted by a neural network in real time. The equipment comprises a compression read processing circuit to an array pixel signal outputted by a photoelectric switching device, an analog-digital switching circuit, an energy identifying and timing circuit, a proper time judging circuit, a base line recovery circuit, a signal peak value estimating circuit, a neural network real-time computing circuit, a USB interface circuit, etc. Due to the realization of the technology for processing various digital nuclear signals based on FPCA and especially the real-time computing of the neural network, the instantaneity and the integration level of the system are greatly improved. The invention has compact structure, complete performance, strong on-line data processing performance, and can be conveniently assembled into an integral detector module with the PET detector, wherein the detector module is important intermediate equipment for researching and developing novel PET imaging equipment based on neural network positioning.