300results about "Phosphorus halides/oxyhalides" patented technology

A difluorophosphate salt, which is expensive and not readily available, can be produced with a high purity readily and efficiently from inexpensive and readily available materials. A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery that exhibits low-temperature discharge and heavy-current discharge characteristics and high-temperature preservation and cycle characteristics without impairing the battery safety. A hexafluorophosphate salt is reacted with a compound having a bond represented by the following formula (1) in the molecule:

Si—O—Si  (1)

A nonaqueous electrolyte used for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries including a negative electrode and a positive electrode that can occlude and discharge ions, and a nonaqueous electrolyte is prepared from a mixture obtained by mixing at least one nonaqueous solvent, a hexafluorophosphate salt and a compound having a bond represented by the following formula (1), and removing low-boiling compounds newly formed in the system, the low-boiling compounds having a lower boiling point than that of the compound having the bond represented by the formula (1):

Si—O—Si  (1)

Disclosed are porous ceramic balls with a hierarchical porous structure ranging in size from nanometers to micrometers, and preparation methods thereof. Self-assembly polymers and sol-gel reactions are used to prepare porous ceramic balls in which pores ranging in size from ones of nanometers to tens of micrometers are hierarchically interconnected to one another. This hierarchical porous structure ensures high specific surface areas and porosities for the porous ceramic balls. Further, the size and distribution of the pores can be simply controlled with hydrophobic solvent and reaction time. The pore formation through polymer self-assembly and sol-gel reactions can be applied to ceramic and transition metals. Porous structures based on bioceramic materials, such as bioactive glass, allow the formation of apatite therein and thus can be used as biomaterials of bioengineering, including bone fillers, bone reconstruction materials, bone scaffolds, etc.

The invention provides a novel method for making lithium mixed metal materials in electrochemical cells. The lithium mixed metal materials comprise lithium and at least one other metal besides lithium. The invention involves the reaction of a metal compound, a phosphate compound, with a reducing agent to reduce the metal and form a metal phosphate. The invention also includes methods of making lithium metal oxides involving reaction of a lithium compound, a metal oxide with a reducing agent.

A difluorophosphate effective as an additive for a nonaqueous electrolyte for secondary battery is produced by a simple method from inexpensive common materials.

The difluorophosphate is produced by reacting lithium hexafluorophosphate with a carbonate in a nonaqueous solvent. The liquid reaction mixture resulting from this reaction is supplied for providing the difluorophosphate in a nonaqueous electrolyte comprising a nonaqueous solvent which contains at least a hexafluorophosphate as an electrolyte lithium salt and further contains a difluorophosphate. Also provided is a nonaqueous-electrolyte secondary battery employing this nonaqueous electrolyte.

A compound having the formula Li_aNa_2−aFePO₄F, wherein 0<a≦2 may be synthesized by exchanging lithium ions for sodium ions in Na₂FePO₄F. The compound may be used as a cathode material for a lithium ion battery. A battery may be comprised of an electrode active material having the formula Li₂FePO₄F, an anode; and an electrolyte. Na₂FePO₄F may be synthesized by flux reaction. Microcrystalline Na₂FePO₄F may be synthesized by a solution method. Na₂FePO₄F may be used as a cathode material for a lithium ion battery and may be carbon composite coated.

[Problems] An object of the present invention is to provide: a production method for commercially advantageously producing lithium difluorophosphate or an electrolyte solution containing the lithium difluorophosphate, the lithium difluorophosphate serving as an additive useful for improving performance of a nonaqueous electrolyte battery; and a nonaqueous electrolyte battery employing the electrolyte solution for the nonaqueous electrolyte battery which solution contains the lithium difluorophosphate produced by the production method.

[Means for Solving Problems] To provide an electrolyte solution for a nonaqueous electrolyte battery which solution contains lithium difluorophosphate, in such a manner as to produce lithium difluorophosphate in the electrolyte solution by reacting a halide other than a fluoride, LiPF₆ and water in a nonaqueous solvent, the lithium difluorophosphate serving as an additive useful for improving performance of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery.

A method of purifying lithium hexafluorosphate that allows to purify lithium hexafluorophosphate, useful as lithium secondary cell electrolyte, organic synthesis medium or the like, to an extremely high purity is provided. Lithium hexafluorophosphate containing harmful impurities such as oxyfluoride, lithium fluoride is purified by adding phosphoric chloride. The purification is performed in the presence of phosphoric chloride and hydrogen fluoride of the quantity equal or superior to the equivalent amount for reacting them, and then by converting lithium fluoride to lithium hexafluorophosphate with generated phosphor pentafluoride.

A solid electrolyte including an alkali metal element, phosphorous, sulfur and halogen as constituent components.

A preparation method of phosphorus pentafluoride gas comprises a step of causing phosphorus pentachloride to react with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride, wherein, the reaction occurs in the presence of a solvent. A preparation method of lithium hexaflourophosphate comprises a contact reaction between solid lithium fluoride and phosphorus pentafluoride gas, wherein the phosphorus pentafluoride gas is prepared by the method of the invention. Compared with the preparation method of the lithium hexaflourophosphate with the phosphorus pentafluoride gas as the raw material in the prior art, the phosphorus pentafluoride gas prepared by the preparation method of the invention has higher purity and lower cost. The yield of the lithium hexaflourophosphate prepared by the method of the invention is higher than 93%, and the purity thereof is up to 99.95%.

A process for the preparation of anhydrous high purity phosphorus pentafluoride in high yield. The process uses an excess of hydrogen fluoride in a reaction with a phosphoric acid to form hexafluorophosphoric acid followed by reaction with a sulfur based acid reactant in a reaction medium containing an excess of hydrogen fluoride.

The invention provides an electrochemical cell which includes a first electrode and a second electrode which is a counter electrode to said first electrode, and an electrolyte material interposed there between. The first electrode comprises an electrode active material represented by the general nominal formula A_a[M_m,MI_n,MII_o](XY₄)_dZ_e, wherein at least one of M, MI and MII is a redox active element, 0<m,n,o≦4, and ½[V(MI)+V(MII)]=V(M), wherein V(M) is the valence state of M, V(MI) is the valence state of MI, and V(MII) is the valence state of MII.

The invention relates to a phosphor recovery crystallization reactor and a phosphor recovery method. The reactor is in inner-outer dual barrel structure, wherein the inner barrel is disposed at the center position of the outer barrel. The reactor includes an aeration stripping area, a crystallization reaction area, a precipitation separation area, a high concentration phosphor mud area and a buffering area, wherein the crystallization reaction area communicates with the precipitation separation area through the upper portion of the buffering area, so that the sewage water after the crystallization reaction in the crystallization reaction area flows into a precipitation separation area without affecting the high concentration phosphor mud area. The invention fully utilizes effective ingredients in the anaerobic treated water of the high concentration waste water of domestic animal and poultry, enhances pH value of the anaerobic treated water by aeration stripping, removes phosphor in the form of crystal of ammoniomagnesium phosphate using relatively high concentration of phosphor and ammonian in the waste water of domestic animal and poultry. The total removal rate of the phosphor can reach 50-60% without any chemical agents added. Phosphor is recovered in form of crystals, which is beneficial to utilization of the recovered phosphor.

The invention discloses a highly selective novel reaction with an important application value in organic phosphorus synthesis methodology. The reaction can be applied in important pesticide commodities of acephate, glyphosate, glufosinate-ammonium, chloramine phosphorus, profenofos, and the like. With the reaction, innovative technical synthetic routes can be designed. With the reaction, standards of clean production technologies can be satisfied, and the production cost is greatly reduced compared to existing technical routes.

Compounds (I) A_aM_m(YO4)_yZ_z (I) are provided where A is at least one element selected from the alkaline metals, alkaline earth metals, a doping element and a hole, M being (T1-1TV), T being one or more transition metals and T′ being at least on element selected from Mg, Ca, Al, and the rare earths, 0≦t<1; Y is a least one element selected from S, Se, P, As, Si, or Ge and A1; Z is at least one element selected from F, O or OH; a, m, y, and z are whole numbers of zero or above such that the electric neutrality of the inorganic oxide of formula (I) is respected, a≧O; m>O; y>0; z≧O. The compounds (I) are obtained from precursors of the constituent elements by means of a method comprising the following steps: dispersion of said precursors in a liquid support comprising one or more ionic liquids made up of a cation and an anion the electric charges of which balance out to give a suspension of said precursors in said liquid, heating said suspension to a temperature of 25 to 380° C. and separation of said ionic liquid and the inorganic oxide of formula (I) from the reaction of said precursors.

The instant invention provides methods and compositions for the treatment of cancer.

The photocatalytic apatite composition and its production method are disclosed. The photocatalytic apatite comprises a photocatalytic apatite having incorporated into the apatite crystal structure thereof a metal oxide having a photocatalytic action, such as titanium oxide, and a metal ion having an antimicrobial property, such as a silver ion or a copper ion. The photocatalyst apatite composition is capable of maintaining excellent decomposition and adsorption properties for various organic materials such as VOCs or specific adsorbing substances such as a virus for a long time and, at the same time, expressing an excellent antimicrobial property in a dark place as well as under daylight.

The invention discloses a preparation process of high-purity phosphorus pentafluoride, which comprises the following steps of: firstly adding phosphorous pentachloride into a feed hopper of a spiral feeder under the protection of dry gas in a glove box to assemble a gas circulation loop, and simultaneously adding inert gas into the gas circulation loop in advance; starting a spiral stirring reaction furnace, simultaneously injecting mixed gas of hydrogen fluoride and fluorine gas into the spiral stirring reaction furnace, and controlling the reaction process by controlling the rotation frequency of the phosphorous pentachloride in the spiral feeder, the temperature of gas flow at the outlet of the spiral stirring reaction furnace and the pressure of the gas circulation loop; freezing the phosphorus pentafluoride gas and the hydrogen fluoride gas generated in the reaction process and unreacted hydrogen fluoride gas by a condenser-evaporator, and collecting high-purity phosphorus pentafluoride gas after reaction. The method is simple and effective and can be operated easily.

A method of manufacturing phosphorus pentafluoride and hexafluorophosphate can suppress the manufacturing cost and also can manufacture high-quality phosphorus pentafluoride from an inexpensive and low-quality raw material. The raw material for the method can include at least a phosphorus atom and a fluorine atom. These are brought into contact with a carrier gas, and a phosphorus pentafluoride is extracted and separated into the carrier gas. A method of manufacturing hexafluorophosphate includes reacting fluoride with the resulting phosphorus pentafluoride according to the following chemical reaction scheme: sPF₅+AF_s→A(PF₆)_s, in which s is in the range of 1≦s≦3, and A is at least one of the following: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, NH₄, Ag, Mg, Ca, Ba, Zn, Cu, Pb, Al and Fe.

An object the invention is to provide a phosphorus pentafluoride producing process wherein phosphorus pentafluoride is separated/extracted from a pentavalent phosphorus compound or a solution thereof, or a composition obtained by allowing the pentavalent phosphorus compound or the solution thereof to react with hydrogen fluoride, thereby producing phosphorus pentafluoride; and a phosphate hexafluoride producing process wherein the resultant phosphorus pentafluoride is used as raw material to produce a phosphate hexafluoride high in purity. The present invention relates to a process for producing phosphorus pentafluoride, wherein a carrier gas is brought into contact with either of the following one: a pentavalent phosphorus compound, a solution thereof, or a solution in which a composition obtained by allowing the pentavalent phosphorus compound or the solution thereof to react with hydrogen fluoride is dissolved, thereby a phosphorus pentafluoride is extracted into the career gas.

To provide an imide salt represented by the formula

In the production of an imide salt, an alkali metal fluoride, a sulfuryl halide or phosphoryl halide, and ammonia or an ammonium salt are reacted. According to this method, a desired imide salt can be produced with high yield, while greatly suppressing the production of a by-product.