The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, in particular relates to a composite anode material for the lithium ion battery. The composite anode material comprises an anode active substance and a coating layer coated on the surface of the anode active substance, wherein the anode active substance can be Si, SiOx or silicon alloy, the coating layer is polymer which is of a reticular structure, and the mass percent of the coating layer accounts for 1-20% of the anode material. Compared with the prior art, the composite anode material has the advantages that the polymer which is of the reticular structure and used as the coating layer is coated on the surface of the active substance in a cross-linking manner, the coating layer has the electron conduction property and the ion conduction property, so that the situation that the lithium ions can be inserted into and separated from the anode active substance particles smoothly is ensured; furthermore, the coating layer is of the reticular structure and has good mechanical strength, and therefore, the integrality of the anode active substance particles can be kept in the electrochemical cycle process, the deformation of an anode strip is relieved, the electrochemical cycle performance of the lithium ion battery is improved and the service life of the lithium ion battery is prolonged.