The invention relates to a preparation method of a surface hydroxylation titanium oxide/graphene visible light catalysis material. According to the method, butyl titanate, graphene and nitrate serve as raw materials, organic electrolyte serves as surfactant, and the surface hydroxylation graphene/TiO<2> catalysis material is obtained through the steps of sol application, thermostatic water bath, ultraviolet irradiation, microwave irradiation, washing, drying and the like. The preparation method has the greatest advantage that ultraviolet pre-oxidation and microwave irradiation are utilized for achieving surface hydroxylation, the preparation process is simple, the energy consumption is low, rapid synthesis can be achieved, and large-scale production is easy to achieve; meanwhile, more defects such as oxygen vacancy and Ti<3+> are caused to a composite by surface hydroxylation, surface activity is increased, forbidden bandwidth of the composite is decreased, the spectral response range is widened, the obtained graphene/TiO<2> catalysis material is great in absorption performance and high in activity, durability and antibacterial performance, and the preparation method has a wide application prospect in fields such as sewage treatment, photocatalytic water splitting, air purification, solar cells, antibacterial materials and the like.