10 results about "Half-reaction" patented technology

An electrochemical power system is provided that generates an electromotive force (EMF) from the catalytic reaction of hydrogen to lower energy (hydrino) states providing direct conversion of the energy released from the hydrino reaction into electricity, the system comprising at least two components chosen from: H2O catalyst or a source of H2O catalyst; atomic hydrogen or a source of atomic hydrogen; reactants to form the H2O catalyst or source of H2O catalyst and atomic hydrogen or source of atomic hydrogen; and one or more reactants to initiate the catalysis of atomic hydrogen. The electrochemical power system for forming hydrinos and electricity can further comprise a cathode compartment comprising a cathode, an anode compartment comprising an anode, optionally a salt bridge, reactants that constitute hydrino reactants during cell operation with separate electron flow and ion mass transport, and a source of hydrogen. Due to oxidation-reduction cell half reactions, the hydrino-producing reaction mixture is constituted with the migration of electrons through an external circuit and ion mass transport through a separate path such as the electrolyte to complete an electrical circuit. A power source and hydride reactor is further provided that powers a power system comprising (i) a reaction cell for the catalysis of atomic hydrogen to form hydrinos, (ii) a chemical fuel mixture comprising at least two components chosen from: a source of H2O catalyst or H2O catalyst; a source of atomic hydrogen or atomic hydrogen; reactants to form the source of H2O catalyst or H2O catalyst and a source of atomic hydrogen or atomic hydrogen; one or more reactants to initiate the catalysis of atomic hydrogen; and a support to enable the catalysis, (iii) thermal systems for reversing an exchange reaction to thermally regenerate the fuel from the reaction products, (iv) a heat sink that accepts the heat from the power-producing reactions, and (v) a power conversion system.

This invention provides a method for determining the deactivation temperature and deactivation characteristics of a hydroformylation catalyst, comprising: S1. preparing a hydroformylation reaction solution; S2. measuring the reaction solution and placing it in an adiabatic testing instrument to simulate a hydroformylation reaction, stopping the heating when the temperature reaches T0 and incubating the reaction under adiabatic conditions; recording the temperature change and obtaining the highest temperature T. m S3. After cooling the test ball, remove half of the reactant material, add the hydroformylation reaction raw material, and heat up to simulate the hydroformylation reaction. When the temperature reaches T1, stop heating and perform an adiabatic reaction. Record the highest temperature T. mf S4. Compare T1 and T m and T mf If T mf =T1, catalyst deactivation temperature is T m Irreversible inactivation; if T mf =T m The catalyst deactivation temperature is T m Reversible inactivation; if T mf >T m Remove the material from the test sphere and repeat steps S2 to S4. The judgment method of this invention has a short testing cycle, high safety, and eliminates the need for sample separation and component analysis. It provides guidance for research on catalyst operating limits and the selection of homogeneous catalyst recovery temperatures.

The invention belongs to the technical field of electrochemical synthesis and isotope labeling, and particularly discloses a method for preparing a deuterated compound through electrochemical coupling and a special catalyst thereof. According to the invention, a carbon-hydrogen bond halogenation-dehalogenation deuteration process is coupled, a specific noble metal nitrogen-doped carbon catalyst is screened and applied as a cathode and anode catalytic material, a brand new electrochemical system is constructed for the first time, and under the environment-friendly reaction conditions of completely no solvent and no supporting electrolyte, through electrochemical driving, the electrochemical performance of the electrochemical system is improved. The selective halogenation of carbon-hydrogen bonds of the anode and the dehalogenation deuteration reaction of the cathode are synchronously realized, the two half reactions are successfully and efficiently coupled in the same reactor, and the deuterated organic compound with high additional value is directly synthesized. According to the method, a large amount of organic solvents and electrolyte salts used in traditional organic synthesis are abandoned, the environmental load and post-treatment difficulty of the reaction are remarkably reduced, and the method has the outstanding advantages of being simple in process, environmentally friendly and high in atom economy.

The invention provides a GaZrOx catalyst, a preparation method thereof and application of the GaZrOx catalyst in a reaction for catalyzing hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to prepare methanol and dimethyl ether, and relates to the technical field of catalysts. The preparation method comprises the following steps: carrying out Ga element atomic layer deposition on a t-ZrO2 carrier to obtain a GaZrOx catalyst; the number of atomic layer deposition is 1-50, and single atomic layer deposition comprises a first half reaction (taking trimethyl gallium as a precursor) and a second half reaction (taking water vapor as a precursor) which are sequentially carried out. A Ga element is deposited on the surface of a t-ZrO2 carrier by adopting an atomic layer deposition technology; and the dispersion state of Ga species on the surface of t-ZrO2 can be regulated and controlled by controlling the number of times of atomic layer deposition. Although the GaZrOx catalyst prepared by the method disclosed by the invention is extremely low in Ga content (0.60-6.50 wt%), the GaZrOx catalyst has excellent catalytic performance in a reaction for preparing methanol and dimethyl ether through CO2 hydrogenation, and the utilization rate of the Ga element is high.

The invention discloses an electrochemical rebalance carbon capture system and method, and belongs to the field of electrochemistry, the electrochemical rebalance carbon capture system comprises a carbon capture module, an organic PCET reactant Q is subjected to a redox reaction to cause solution pH value fluctuation, and alkalization absorption and acidification desorption of low-concentration CO2 are achieved; the rebalance strategy applying module is used for recovering the reaction capacity lost due to the O2 side reaction; in the rebalance strategy module, an asymmetric reaction system is utilized, and a larger reaction potential is applied, so that when a compound reduction reaction is carried out on a cathode of an electrolytic tank in the carbon capture module, an oxygen evolution reaction is carried out on an anode to generate H < + >, and high-purity CO2 gas is desorbed; through introduction of an oxygen evolution half reaction, the solution is reset to a state before being influenced by O2, and the trapping capacity is recovered, so that the electrochemical system continuously and stably operates in an oxygen-containing environment. According to the invention, capacity fading caused by oxygen side reaction is counteracted by using an electrochemical rebalance process, and efficient, continuous and stable carbon capture and purification are realized.

The invention provides a high-temperature and high-pressure carbon sequestration catalytic reaction system which comprises a vertical fluidized bed assembly, a semi-reaction furnace assembly, a reaction tube assembly, an upper connecting assembly and a cold hydrazine assembly, and the vertical fluidized bed assembly comprises a first semi-reaction furnace body and a first semi-hearth seat. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: by adding the vertical fluidized bed assembly, the semi-reaction furnace assembly, the reaction tube assembly and the upper connecting assembly, different types of reaction tubes are selected according to experiment requirements to form the reaction tube assembly, the upper end of the reaction tube assembly is connected with the upper connecting assembly, and protective gas is introduced through a four-way gas distribution structure; premixed gas can be guided into the reaction tube body again, gas protection is provided for the reaction, the reaction tube assembly is of a structure convenient and fast to disassemble and is fixed between the first half-hearth base and the second half-hearth base, then the experiment efficiency is improved, and the reaction tube assembly can be conveniently used for the experiment reaction; and rapid gas cooling can be realized.

The present invention provides a Ni-Co LDH redox medium, a modular electrochemical synthesis system and a construction method thereof. The preparation of the redox medium comprises: dissolving nickel nitrate hexahydrate and cobalt chloride hexahydrate in a methanol-ultrapure water mixed solution and stirring vigorously, adding hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide and stirring, and performing hydrothermal reaction, cooling, washing and drying to obtain the Ni-Co LDH redox medium. The present invention synthesizes Ni-Co LDH as a solid redox medium through one-step hydrothermal synthesis, and constructs a system for modular synthesis of H2O2 and FDCA in an alkaline electrolyte. The Ni-Co LDH redox medium electrode converts between a reduced state and an oxidized state through a reversible redox reaction, accompanied by OH ‑ Ion adsorption / desorption. The Ni-Co LDH redox mediator electrode selectively stores and transports hydroxide ions involved in the target half-reaction through reversible conversion with NiOOH and CoOOH. This enables modular production of higher-value chemicals, H2O2 and FDCA, while maintaining ionic balance.

The application discloses a preparation method and equipment of diethyl methyl phosphite, and belongs to the technical field of chemistry and chemical industry. The preparation method of diethyl methyl phosphite comprises the following steps: (1) reacting aluminum powder and chloromethane to obtain a sesqui-reaction solution; (2) mixing phosphorus trichloride, a solid acid catalyst and the sesqui-reaction solution and reacting; (3) removing the phosphorus trichloride, adding sodium chloride and performing a dissociation reaction to obtain methyl phosphorus dichloride and sodium tetrachloroaluminate; and (4) putting the methyl phosphorus dichloride, ethanol, liquid nitrogen and isohexane into an esterification reaction kettle, performing an esterification reaction, purifying and obtaining pure diethyl methyl phosphite. The application further discloses an esterification reaction kettle which comprises a barrel, a feeding pipe, a stirring main shaft and a special-shaped umbrella body, and the surface of the special-shaped umbrella body is provided with grooves. The preparation method has high product purity and high yield, and the equipment is uniformly stirred, so that the reaction can be completely performed.

The utility model relates to the technical field of ammonia production equipment, in particular to a urea hydrolysis ammonia production reaction device which comprises a main reaction tank, and the top end of the main reaction tank is fixedly connected with a disassembly and assembly connecting piece; firstly, a tank body is conveniently disassembled and cleaned through an assembling structure of a main reaction tank, a disassembling and assembling connecting piece and an upper half reaction tank which are convenient to disassemble, and in the process of preparing ammonia through urea hydrolysis, a driving motor assembled at the top end of a top cover is guided to operate to drive a stirring rod to rotate and stir an internal urea solution; meanwhile, the extension bracket drives the leak plate to stir in the main reaction tank along with the rotation of the stirring rod, and the contact area and time of urea and hot steam during hydrolysis are accelerated through the through holes formed in the leak plate.

The present invention relates to an efficient synthesis method for phenyl silsesquioxane. In a catalyst prepared by the method, sodium mercaptoethoxide is used as a nucleophilic reagent and reacts with an electron-deficient double bond in triethanolamine maleate to form a stable addition product; 1-aminopropyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide serves as a nucleophilic reagent and reacts with triethanolamine maleate; and an alkaline environment provided by [bmim]OH is beneficial for generating stable carbon anions, thereby accelerating the step of nucleophilic addition. In the present invention, phenyltrimethoxysilane is used as a raw material, the synthesis of phenyl silsesquioxane is achieved by means of a one-step method, the conversion rate reaches up to 99.21%, the reaction time is shortened by half, the reaction is simple and convenient, and the industrial production is facilitated.