39 results about "Dissociation reaction" patented technology

To provide a surfactant which is obtainable by using substantially no alkali metal, has excellent readhesion prevention ability of finely-pulverized particles at the time of cleaning, and is capable of quite efficient and advanced cleaning. In the present invention, a surfactant which comprises a neutralized salt (AB1) and/or neutralized salt (AB2) is used. Neutralized salt (AB1): a neutralized salt (AB1) which comprises an acidic compound (A1) containing at least each one of an acid group (X1) of an acid having the difference of heat of formation in an acid dissociation reaction (Q1) of 3 to 200 kcal/mol and a hydrophobic group (Y) containing 1 to 36 carbon atoms, and a nitrogen-containing basic compound (B) having the difference of heat of formation in a proton addition reaction of 10 to 152 kcal/mol, wherein (X1) is at least one species selected from a sulfonic acid group, and the like. Neutralized salt (AB2): a neutralized salt (AB2) which comprises a polymer (A2) having at least one acid group (X2) within the molecule, and the nitrogen-containing basic compound (B) having the difference of heat of formation in a proton addition reaction of 10 to 152 kcal/mol.

Methods, systems, and apparatus for generating energy from a process-contained series of thermobaric reactions and/or explosion cycles are provided. The Xplogen™ energy generating system includes several embodiments for stimulating the heat and pressure release episodes, which are directed by the process system toward the task of dissociating a target substance being subjected to the hyper-stimulated pulse of energy. The target substance is thermolyzed by the pulse energy episode and the resulting dissociated gases are either quenched and captured or they are consumed in a direct thermal conversion process and are thus translated into steam pressure, and/or torque, thrust, motive force, and/or super-heat impulses. The methods and systems of the present invention include a comprehensive arrangement of process configurations and components as well as a means of operation.

The object of the present invention is to provide an oxygen isotope concentration method capable of concentrating the stable oxygen isotopes of ¹⁷O and ¹⁸O which can be carried out using a simple device configuration.

The present invention relates to a method for concentrating an oxygen isotope in separated oxygen by irradiating ozone with light, selectively dissociating an isotopomer of ozone containing an oxygen isotope in its molecule into oxygen, followed by dissociating the ozone and separating the formed oxygen from the non-dissociated ozone. The basic configuration of the device is provided with an ozone formation unit 11 that forms ozone from raw material oxygen, an ozone separation unit 12 that separates ozone formed with said ozone generation unit and raw material oxygen, an ozone photodissociation unit 13 that radiates light of a specific wavelength onto the ozone separated by said ozone separation unit 12 and selectively dissociates ozone containing an oxygen isotope in its molecule into oxygen, and an oxygen separation unit that separates the oxygen formed by dissociating ozone in said ozone photodissociation unit 13 and non-dissociated ozone to concentrate the oxygen isotope in the oxygen. The present invention also relates to a method for concentrating an oxygen isotope comprising an ozone photodissociation step, in which light is radiated onto a rare gas-ozone mixed gas containing ozone and at least one type of rare gas selected from krypton, xenon and radon to selectively dissociate ozone containing a specific oxygen isotope in its molecule into oxygen, and an oxygen isotope concentration step, in which the oxygen separated from ozone in said ozone photodissociation step is separated from non-dissociated ozone and rare gas to concentrate the oxygen isotope present in the separated oxygen. An oxygen isotope may also be concentrated in a dissociation reaction product by irradiating a gas containing a peroxide selected from hydroperoxides, (di)alkyl peroxides, peroxyacids including peracids, (di)acyl peroxides, peroxy esters, peroxycarbonates, peroxydicarbonates, diperoxycarbonates, peroxalates, cyclic peroxides, ozonides and endoperoxides, nitrite esters and nitrate esters, and selectively dissociating a peroxide containing a specific oxygen isotope in its molecule.

An electrolytic processing apparatus can increase the efficiency of the dissociation reaction of water and efficiently perform electrolytic processing, and can eliminate the need for an operation for a change of ion exchanger. The electrolytic processing apparatus includes: a processing electrode and a feeding electrode; a liquid supply section for supplying a liquid containing an ion-exchange material between the workpiece and at least one of the processing electrode and the feeding electrode; a power source for applying a voltage between the processing electrode and the feeding electrode; and a drive section for moving the workpiece and at least one of the processing electrode and the feeding electrode relative to each other; wherein electrolytic processing of the workpiece is carried out while keeping the workpiece not in contact with and close to the processing electrode at a distance of not more than 10 μm.

A composite material containing polymeric nanofibers, themselves containing NO-donor molecules, imbibed with an elastomer matrix is permeable to both water and gas so that dissociation reactions in the presence of water releases NO gas in a sustained manner. The NO-donor nanofibers may be formed by synthesizing acceptable NO-donor molecules, blending such molecules in solution with PVP, PCL or PVAc, electrospinning the blend at relatively high voltage for form fiber mats, applying PDMS rubber to the fiber mat and crosslinking it. The resulting NO-releasing electrospun fiber composite may be used in medical devices such as catheters, stents, or vascular grafts, with the purpose of releasing nitric oxide within a controlled rate and for a sustained period of time, as well as other known medical applications for NO.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring a reaction rate coefficient in an analysis utilizing total reflection attenuation, which is capable of calculating the reaction rate coefficient speedily and accurately. The present invention provides a method for measuring adsorption rate coefficient (Ka) and diffusion coefficient (D) in a reaction between an analyte molecule immobilized on a metal surface and a molecule that interacts with the analyte molecule, by measuring an angular change in the total reflection attenuation angle (θSP) using an analysis device utilizing total reflection attenuation, which comprises (1) providing multiple simulation curves of a binding dissociation reaction for sets of variables in which adsorption rate coefficient (Ka) and diffusion coefficient (D) are each varied within a predetermined width, (2) preparing a measurement curve of the binding dissociation reaction based on an angular change in a measured total reflection attenuation angle (θSP), (3) examining the level of correspondence between the measurement curve prepared in above (2) and the multiple simulation curves of above (1), and (4) applying the adsorption rate coefficient (Ka) and diffusion coefficient (D) that were used for the preparation of the simulation curve with the highest level of correspondence to the adsorption rate coefficient (Ka) and the diffusion coefficient (D) in the reaction between the analyte molecule immobilized on the metal surface and the molecule that interacts with the analyte molecule.

The invention discloses a multiphase flow rotation foam separation device and a waste water/gas treatment technology using the device. The technology and the device are used for high-ammonia nitrogen sewage treatment, can be used for replacing the conventional technologies such as aerobiotic aeration, steam stripping, air stripping and the like and have the advantages that the upper limit concentration is not limited, the ammonia nitrogen removal rate is more than 95%, and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) cr removal rate is more than 98%. The device has multiple functions such as ammonia nitrogen dissociation reaction, air stripping and ammonia recovery, thus being capable of easily completing high-ammonia nitrogen waste liquid full-loop operation in a matching way and realizing 'zero emission' in deed. The device can be used for treating various industrial flue gases with high temperature, high sulfur, high humidity and high dust content, integrates the functions of cooling, desulfurating and dust removing, and has the desulfurization rate being more than 90% and the dust removal rate being more than 99%; and after multiple stages of multiphase flow rotation foam separation devices are connected in series, the effect of electric precipitation can be achieved, but the project investment and energy consumption are far lower than those of electric precipitation.

The invention discloses electrolyte and a preparation method as well as a secondary lithium-sulfur battery using the electrolyte. The electrolyte is prepared from lithium salt, an organic solvent anda functional additive, wherein the concentration of the lithium salt in the electrolyte is 0.5 to 5 mol/L, and the mass percentage of the functional additive in the electrolyte is 0.1 to 3 percent. The electrolyte is prepared by adding the lithium salt into the organic solvent and uniformly stirring the lithium salt and the organic solvent, and functional electrolyte for the secondary lithium-sulfur battery is obtained by adding the functional additive into the electrolyte and continuously stirring the components till the components are uniformly mixed. The electrolyte disclosed by the invention takes trifluoropentaphenyl borane as the functional additive which can participate in formation of a solid electrolyte phase interface (an SEI film), and can dissolve LiF to improve the conductivity of the SEI film; the trifluoropentaphenyl borane is favorable for promoting dissociation reaction of LiPF6 to adsorb free F<->, so that HF formed by trace water is reduced, and corrosion of the HF to an electrode material is reduced; capacity attenuation of a cathode material in a cyclic process is effectively suppressed, and the cycle stability and the capacity retention rate of the lithium-sulfur battery are improved.

The invention relates to a method for fast detecting fluorine ions contained in antarctic krill, which comprises the following steps: (1) picking 1-5 grams of antarctic krill powder or fresh krill materials, placing into deionized water with the mass ratio of 1:100, refluxing and heating for 1-4 hours under the temperature of 90-100 DEG C, and then cooling to 30 DEG C for standby application; (2) determining the dielectric characteristics of an NaF deionized water solution by utilizing a coaxial probe method under the condition of 30 DEG C, and drawing and determining the standard curve: Y=13.26*(X+C) of the NaF deionized water solution under the condition of low frequency of 300-3000 MHz when the concentration of the NaF deionized water solution is 0.1-50 mg/ml; (3) filtering a solution obtained in step (1), then determining the dielectric loss ratio of the solution, introducing into the standard curve obtained in step (2), and determining and computing the content of F ions. The method disclosed by the invention obtains the characteristic relationship of fluorine ion content according to the equimolar dissociation reaction: NaF=Na++F+ of the NaF deionized water solution, thereby obtaining the fluorine ion content YF=1.296*(X-D).

The invention discloses a method of separating complexing-form DTPA (diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid) and hardness ions by an electrodialysis process. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, filling a Na2SO4 solution into an anode chamber and a cathode chamber of an electrodialysis device, filling a sulfuric acid solution into an acid chamber, and filling a solution into a salt chamber; then, introducing wastewater containing DTPA and hardness ion complexes into a separating chamber, starting a direct-current power supply, enabling hydrogen ions in the acid chamber to selectively penetrate through a cationic membrane to enter the separating chamber, so that the pH value of the wastewater in the separating chamber is lowered to be lower than 3; enabling the DTPA and the hardness ions to generate dissociation reaction to form a free DTPA anionic group and hardness ions; enabling the hardness ions to continuously penetrate through the cationic membrane selectively to enter the salt chamber and enabling the DTPA anionic groups not to transfer towards the adjacent acid chamber and the salt chamber, and thus realizing the separation of the DTPA and the hardness ions. The method disclosed by the invention can be used for realizing large-scale industrial production, realizing the separation of the DPTA and the hardness ions, reducing the wastewater emission, facilitating the environmental protection, recycling the valuable DTPA solution and realizing the resource utilization purpose.

The invention relates to a method for preparing magnesium oxide fibers by a ligand analysis technology. The method comprises the following steps: putting fully dried magnesium oxide precursor fibers into an alkaline gas, alkaline steam or/and water vapor atmosphere, performing ligand analysis treatment under a condition that the temperature is higher than 100 DEG C, and performing dissociation reaction on the magnesium oxide precursor fibers to generate magnesium hydrate; enabling magnesium hydrate to be shrunk to form the magnesium oxide fibers. By the ligand analysis technology, the technical difficulties that the fibers are easy to pulverize and difficultly formed are solved; by an optimized thermal treatment program, the mechanical property of the magnesium oxide fibers can be effectively enhanced.

The invention relates to a method for preparing 2,6,10-trimethyl-1,1-dialkoxyl-3,5,9-undecatriene, belonging to the technical field of lycopene intermediate synthesis methods. The method comprises the following steps: (1) under the protection of inert gas and in the presence of an organic solvent and alkali, carrying out dissociation reaction on C10 triphenyl phosphonium salt at the temperature of minus 40-30 DEG C; and (2) after the dissociation reaction in the step (1) is completed, adding C4 acetal, carrying out Wittig condensation reaction at the temperature of minus 40-30 DEG C in the presence of the organic solvent and alkali so as to obtain 2,6,10-trimethyl-1,1-dialkoxyl-3,5,9-undecatriene. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of concise process route and easy obtainment of raw materials, low cost and high industrial value.

The present invention is related to a method of studying (i) binding reactions, (ii) dissociation reactions, (iii) competitive binding reactions, or (iv) association reactions between two or more molecules in a biological sample by means of super-resolution imaging, in which method the reaction as such causes an event that forms the basis for the identification and localization-based super-resolution microscopy of the reaction (FIG. 1a).

The invention discloses novel diazo benzothiapyrone photosensitive protecting groups and a synthesis method thereof. A compound disclosed by the invention can be used for protecting a phosphoric acid functional group compound. The novel benzothiapyrone photosensitive protecting groups disclosed by the invention are efficient and rapid in photo-dissociation reaction, have good relative stability under daily illumination conditions, and also have unique photosensitive structures which have response to light and can also be used for releasing potential fluorescent groups. According to the novel diazo benzothiapyrone photosensitive protecting groups disclosed by the invention, tracking and monitoring of a light control process can be facilitated, and the 'controllability' and 'visibility' of release can be achieved; and a novel research method for performing quantitative release and accumulation degree research under cell biological environments can be provided.

A hydrogen generating apparatus and a fuel cell power generation system. An aspect of the invention provides a hydrogen generating apparatus for generating hydrogen through a dissociation reaction of an aqueous solution using electrons formed by an ionization of a metal. The hydrogen generating apparatus can include a chamber, which contains the aqueous solution, and in one side of which an outlet is formed to discharge the hydrogen; and a membrane, which is formed inside the chamber adjacent to the outlet, and which selectively permits the passage of the hydrogen. With certain embodiments of the invention, the overflowing of reagents can be prevented, for higher efficiency in the fuel cell. Because of the improvement in efficiency of the fuel cell power generation system, the volume of the system can be reduced, allowing for easier application to mobile devices.

The invention provides a synthetic method of 2-thiophene ethylamine. The synthetic method is characterized in that: the 2-thiophene ethylamine is obtained through esterification, ammonification and dissociation in non-aqueous medium by using 2-thiopheneethanol as initial raw materials. The synthetic method comprises the following steps of: (1) an esterification reaction, i.e., generating an esterified substance under the condition of solid base catalysis from 2-thiopheneethanol and p-toluenesulfonyl chloride in an organic solvent; (2) an ammonification reaction, i.e., injecting liquid ammonia into the esterified substance, pressurizing and ammonifying so as to generate 2-thienylethamino-4-toluenesulfonate; (3) a dissociation reaction, i.e., reacting the 2-thienylethamino-4-toluenesulfonate with a solid base in the organic solvent by the dissociation so as to prepare the 2-thiophene ethylamine. The whole preparation process of the 2-thiophene ethylamine is completed in the non-aqueous medium so that no waste water is discharged, solid waste materials are recycled and reused, and the purpose of green production is achieved. Besides, reaction conditions are milder, post treatment process is simpler, yield is high, and industrial production is facilitated.

The method is intended to detect with high sensitivity and high accuracy chemically contaminating impurities in which there exist chemically contaminating impurity constituents of basic series, acidic series, and organic substance series, in gaseous and particle states, and constituents of compounds thereof, contained in air inside a clean room, as constituents having every property. To this end, ions composed of various cations and anions, constituting the chemically contaminating impurities in fine particle, gaseous, or molecular state, are caused to continuously undergo dissolution reaction and dissociation reaction in a solution in sequence from those constituting salts having strong solubility or strong dissociative tendency.

The invention relates to the technical field of organic synthesis and discloses a preparation method and an application of a terpenoid 3,7,11-trimethyl-2,4,6,10-dodecatetraene-1-alcohol acetate. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly carrying out dissociation reaction on C10 phosphonate at minus 40-30 DEG C in the presence of an organic solvent and an alkali under the protection of inert gases; after dissociation is completed, adding C5 aldehyde and carrying out Wittig-Horner condensation reaction at minus 40-30 DEG C in the presence of the organic solvent and the alkali. The prepared target product 3,7,11-trimethyl-2,4,6,10-dodecatetraene-1-alcohol acetate (1) is concise in process route, accessible in raw materials and low in cost and extremely has industrial value.