24 results about "Analyte molecule" patented technology

This application relates to a detection reagent, kit, and method that simultaneously improves sensitivity and broadens the detection range in competitive immunoassay. The reagent includes a detection antibody bound to luminescent microspheres that specifically binds to analyte molecules in the sample, and two sets of labeled antigens containing the same competing antigen and labeled molecules of different molecular weights bound to it. The competing antigen competes with the analyte molecule for binding to the detection antibody, and the affinity of the competing antigen for binding to the detection antibody is higher than that of the analyte molecule for binding to the detection antibody. The technical solution of this application, by using two sets of labeled antigens with different affinities, ensures that the labeled antigens that play a dominant role in samples with varying concentrations of analyte molecules differ. This is suitable for competitive immunoassay of small molecule antigens or haptens in both low-concentration and high-concentration samples, and can broaden the detection range while ensuring high functional sensitivity.

Described herein are interferometric sensors that can be used for biochemical testing. Each interferometric sensor includes an interference layer immobilized along a surface of a monolithic substrate. Analyte binding molecules can be coated along a surface of the interference layer. During biochemical testing, when analyte molecules in a sample bind to the analyte binding molecules, a biological layer will form. The monolithic substrate has a higher refractive index than the interference layer. Furthermore, the interference layer can be designed to have a refractive index that is substantially similar to a refractive index of the biological layer.

Disclosed are methods for isolating an analyte from a sample. In some aspects, the methods are for selectively isolating a microbial cell analyte, such as a nucleic acid, from a sample containing or suspected of containing mammalian cells. The selective isolation method includes selective lysis of the mammalian cells and filtration of the resulting lysate through a filter that retains intact microbial cells, followed by on-filter lysis of the retained microbial cells to release the microbial cell analyte. The released analyte is then eluted from the filter. In other aspects, the methods utilize on-filter lysis of a sample containing intact cells (e.g., microbial cells) to release the analytes, followed by elution of the released analytes from the filter by passing an immiscible liquid through the filter. The isolated analytes may be analyzed using a suitable assay depending on the type of analyte molecule. Also disclosed are fluidic systems and lysis solutions that may be used for isolating an analyte according to the disclosed methods.

Methods for isolating analytes from a sample are disclosed. In some embodiments, the methods are for selectively isolating microbial cell analytes, such as nucleic acids, from a sample containing or suspected of containing mammalian cells. The selective isolation method involves selective lysis of mammalian cells and filtration of the resulting lysate through a filter that retains intact microbial cells, followed by on-filter lysis of the retained microbial cells to release the microbial cell analytes. The released analytes are then eluted from the filter. In other embodiments, the methods utilize on-filter lysis of a sample containing intact cells (e.g., microbial cells) to release the analytes, followed by elution of the released analytes from the filter by passing an immiscible liquid through the filter. The isolated analytes can be analyzed using an appropriate assay depending on the type of analyte molecule.

A single-molecule Raman detection test kit and its usage method are disclosed. The test kit includes a test strip slot on one side and a sample injection mechanism on the other side. The test strip slot is inclined, and a test strip with a pointed end is placed inside the slot. The tip of the test strip is positioned at the lowest point of the slot, and the tail end is positioned at the highest point. The sample injection mechanism includes a channel, the bottom of which is located above the highest point of the slot, and a spiral sampler is placed inside the channel. The usage method involves rinsing the spiral sampler with deionized water, allowing it to dry, and then dripping the analyte solution into the spiral sampler. Driven by the components of gravity and capillary force, the liquid is transported along the inclined test strip slot to the tip of the test strip obtained by a polymer-assisted printing method for adsorption. The surface and gaps of Au@Ag NPs clusters are filled at the tip of the test strip, completing the enhanced enrichment of the analyte molecules. After the test kit is ventilated and dried, SERS measurement is performed and quantitative analysis is conducted. This invention utilizes the Au@Ag NPs at the tip of the test strip obtained by polymer-assisted printing. The combination of NPs clusters and the enhanced tip enrichment method used in the test strip kit enables high-sensitivity applications, achieving 10 in practical sample applications. ‑ 9 The detection limit of M enables detection at the single-molecule level.

The present disclosure provides a method of measuring the quantity of analyte molecules. In some aspects, the method comprises compartmentalizing a sample with binding molecules conjugated to synthetic nucleic acid molecules such that the interaction of the binding molecules with the analyte molecules brings the nucleic acid molecules into proximity. Proximity triggers reactions that result in an optical signal, such as fluorescence, in analyte-containing compartments which can be counted to determine the quantity of analyte present.

A portable diagnostic device has a lysate stage (167) with a port for receiving a sample and containing magnetic beads with a probe, and an outlet port. A series of assay stages (161-164) are linked with the lysate vessel, each with a reservoir linked by channels. The final stage (164) has a sensor (169) for detecting beads attached to analyte molecules which have been conveyed according to attachment to probes on beads. Larger transport beads cause reporter beads which are tethered by target NA and probes to be transported to the final sensor stage, where they are released and detected when the transport beads have been removed.

A lateral flow test device is disclosed in which a conjugation pad comprises a movable conjugation analyte comprising one or more analyte molecules conjugated to a detectable label. The first test zone comprising an immobilized analyte binding molecule defining a first binding site; or the conjugate pad comprises a movable analyte binding molecule and the first test zone comprises an immobilized capture molecule for immobilizing the analyte binding molecule, wherein the immobilized capture molecule defines a first binding site; or the conjugation pad comprises a movable analyte binding molecule and the first test region comprises an immobilized analyte binding molecule defining a first binding site. The second test region comprises an immobilized conjugated analyte binding molecule that binds the conjugated analyte and does not bind the unconjugated analyte molecule, and defines a second binding site. The number of molecules of the conjugated analyte is less than or equal to the number of second binding sites. Also disclosed are methods of detecting the presence of an analyte molecule in a test sample and diagnosing a disease or condition, a computer-implemented method of detecting the presence of an analyte molecule in a test sample, and a kit.

A portable diagnostic device has a lysate stage (167) with a port for receiving a sample and containing magnetic beads with a probe, and an outlet port. A series of assay stages (161-164) are linked with the lysate vessel, each with a reservoir linked by channels. The final stage (164) has a sensor (169) for detecting beads attached to analyte molecules which have been conveyed according to attachment to probes on beads. Larger transport beads cause reporter beads which are tethered by target NA and probes to be transported to the final sensor stage, where they are released and detected when the transport beads have been removed.

The present disclosure provides a method of measuring the quantity of analyte molecules. In some aspects, the method comprises compartmentalizing a sample with binding molecules conjugated to synthetic nucleic acid molecules such that the interaction of the binding molecules with the analyte molecules brings the nucleic acid molecules into proximity. Proximity triggers reactions that result in an optical signal, such as fluorescence, in analyte-containing compartments which can be counted to determine the quantity of analyte present.

The present invention relates to compounds which are suitable to be used in mass spectrometry as well as methods of mass spectrometric determination of analyte molecules using said compounds.

The present invention provides a sensing electrode, an electrochemical sensing system using the sensing electrode, methods of preparing and using the sensing electrode and the electrochemical sensing system. The sensing electrode includes a base electrode having a conductive surface, and a coating layer formed on the conductive surface. The coating layer has cavities or holes, each of which can be filled with, bound to, or occupied by, an analyte molecule. A decrease of conductivity of the sensing electrode is correlated to the number of cavities or holes that are filled with, bound to, or occupied by, the molecules of the analyte. The invention exhibits numerous technical merits such as suitability for field application, high sensitivity to analyte such as PFOA or PFAS at 1 ppt level, rapid response within minutes, and superior selectivity against interferences such as PFDA, PFOS, PFOSA, and PFHxA, among others.

The invention is notably directed to a method of performing a one-step competitive assay using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and nanoscale plasmonic surfaces (e.g., of nanoparticles) functionalized with first molecules. The method first comprises bringing (S31 – S33) second molecules and third molecules in a liquid solution into contact with the nanoscale plasmonic surfaces. The first molecules and the second molecules form a dual set of complementary single strands of polynucleotides, whereby the second molecules can bind to the first molecules. The second molecules (e.g., cDNA) are labelled with Raman reporter molecules. The third molecules are analyte molecules that can bind either to the first molecules or to the second molecules, thereby competitively limiting the extent to which the second molecules can bind to the first molecules. Next, the method comprises measuring (S34, S35) a current Raman signal primarily caused by the Raman reporter molecules labelling the second molecules that effectively bind to the first molecules. No separation step is required. Finally, the method comprises determining a property of the third molecules by comparing the current measured Raman signal with one or more reference Raman signals. The invention is further directed to related systems.

Introduced here is an approach to programmatically addressing the absorbance of light by analyte molecules whose binding, for example, to an interferometric sensor, is being monitored by an interferometric sensing system. A first light signal may be shone upon a biolayer over the course of a biochemical test, and the light reflected by the biolayer may form a second light signal that is detectable by a detector of an interferometric sensing system. Through analysis of the second light signal, the second light signal can be deconvolved into a reflection component and an absorbance component. If the principal component of the second light signal is the reflection component, then one algorithm may be employed to establish the binding magnitude. If the principal component of the second light signal is the absorbance component, then another algorithm may be employed to establish the binding magnitude.

The present invention relates to a biochemical assay based on bio-layer interferometry (BLI) using metal nanoparticles such as gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and the growth of the metal nanoparticles to enhance the signals. In the present methods, the target analyte molecule is first immobilized onto BLI biosensors. Biofunctionalized AuNPs then bind to the immobilized target molecules. In the present method, the detection signal is improved by growing the immobilized AuNPs on the BLI sensor. The immobilized AuNPs provide seeds to grow their size. The present method includes a step of reducing a new reagent Au (3+) to Au (0) on the existing AuNP, thus growing the size of AuNPs, which results in improved sensitivity for the detecting target biomolecules on BLI.

The present invention relates to reagents which are suitable to be used in mass spectrometry as well as methods of mass spectrometric determination of analyte molecules using said reagents.

This invention discloses a functional polymer / liquid crystal composite semiconductor micro / nano laser and its fabrication method. This laser utilizes the Rayleigh instability of the cylindrical liquid interface to form a functional polymer / liquid crystal spindle structure with a specific morphology on the surface of semiconductor micro / nanowires. This constructs a composite optical microcavity that enhances optical field confinement and suppresses radiation loss, thereby improving the quality factor of the resonant cavity, compressing the resonant linewidth, and lowering the laser threshold. Furthermore, by controlling the size parameters of the functional polymer / liquid crystal spindle and its coverage position on the semiconductor micro / nanowire surface, effective control of the resonant mode is achieved. Based on the relevant properties of the semiconductor material and the polymer / liquid crystal cladding material, this invention exhibits excellent photostability under pulsed light pumping and long-term detection conditions, significantly enhancing the device's specific recognition capability of analyte molecules and its high-sensitivity sensing performance.

This invention discloses a method, system, and substrate for single-molecule detection based on defect-engineered two-dimensional materials. The method includes the following steps: obtaining a two-dimensional material layer; subjecting the two-dimensional material layer to plasma bombardment to introduce nanopore defects of a predetermined density and size, thereby forming a defect-engineered two-dimensional material substrate, wherein the nanopore defects include vacancy defects, which are used to modulate the band gap of the two-dimensional material layer and enhance the charge transfer effect between it and the analyte molecule; adsorbing the analyte molecule onto the surface of the defect-engineered two-dimensional material substrate; and performing Raman spectroscopy on the defect-engineered two-dimensional material substrate with the adsorbed analyte molecule to obtain a surface-enhanced Raman scattering signal. This invention enables the defect-engineered two-dimensional material substrate to generate an extremely strong surface-enhanced Raman scattering signal, thereby achieving ultra-high sensitivity detection of analytes at low concentrations or even single-molecule levels.

Devices that include a low sensitivity bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonator sensor including a surface to which a low recognition component is immobilized, the low recognition component being configured to selectively bind the analyte, an analyte molecule to which a tag is linked, or a tag, or any one of these molecules to which an amplification element-linked second recognition component is bound; a high sensitivity BAW resonator sensor including a surface to which a high recognition component is immobilized, the high recognition component being configured to selectively bind the analyte, an analyte molecule to which a tag is linked, or a tag, or any one of these molecules to which an amplification element-linked second recognition component is bound; one or more containers housing an amplification molecule, the amplification element-linked second recognition component, and optionally one or both of the tag and the analyte molecule.

Introduced here is an approach to programmatically addressing the absorbance of light by analyte molecules whose binding, for example, to an interferometric sensor, is being monitored by an interferometric sensing system. A first light signal may be shone upon a biolayer over the course of a biochemical test, and the light reflected by the biolayer may form a second light signal that is detectable by a detector of an interferometric sensing system. Through analysis of the second light signal, the second light signal can be deconvolved into a reflection component and an absorbance component. If the principal component of the second light signal is the reflection component, then one algorithm may be employed to establish the binding magnitude. If the principal component of the second light signal is the absorbance component, then another algorithm may be employed to establish the binding magnitude.

A method for selectively isolating microbial cell analytes (e.g., nucleic acids) from a sample containing or suspected of containing mammalian cells is disclosed. The selective isolation method comprises selective lysis of mammalian cells, filtration of the lysate obtained by passing it through a filter that retains intact microbial cells, and subsequent release of the retained microbial cells from the filter. The microbial cells are then collected from the filter using backflow elution or aspiration, and the collected microbial cells are lysed to release the analytes from the intact cells. The isolated analytes can be analyzed using appropriate assays depending on the type of analyte molecule.

The invention described herein relates to an improved method for analytical capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) for complex biologic molecules. The methods for the improved CGE include steps for the partial reduction of the biologic analyte molecule for use as calibration standard and use such partially reduced calibration sample to obtain an improved calibration curve for CGE to be used with biologic analyte molecules.

A method of operating a time-of-flight (TOF) mass analyser is disclosed, comprising injecting first and second ions into an ion path, causing the first ions to travel from an ion reflector 42b to a de

Disclosed herein are methods for identifying the terminal and the penultimate amino acids of a polypeptide in a single read, sequencing polypeptides with error correction, identifying modified (such as post translational modification) and unnatural / non-natural amino acids, and for barcoding target analyte molecules for detection and identification.