50 results about "Redox mediator" patented technology

The invention discloses a lithium-oxygen battery electrolyte and a preparation method and application thereof. The lithium-oxygen battery electrolyte comprises a lithium salt, an additive and a solvent, the additive is 1, 3-dimethylimidazole iodized salt. The redox medium (organic iodized salt) is added into the ether electrolyte of the lithium oxygen battery, anions of the redox medium can reduce the charge-discharge overpotential of the lithium oxygen battery, cations of the redox medium can form an in-situ protection layer on a lithium negative electrode, the redox medium is prevented from reacting with the lithium negative electrode, lithium corrosion and lithium dendrite growth are effectively inhibited, and the service life of the lithium oxygen battery is prolonged. And the lithium-oxygen battery has excellent electrochemical performance and long cycle stability.

A method may comprise (a) inserting an insulin delivery device subcutaneously into a body of a subject, which comprises an amperometric glucose sensor comprising an electrode layer comprising an indicating electrode and underlying a redox-catalytic layer comprising a redox mediator; (b) using said insulin delivery device to deliver an insulin formulation (e.g., comprising a phenol or cresol excipient) subcutaneously to said subject; and (c) using said amperometric glucose sensor to measure a subcutaneous glucose concentration, which comprises using said redox-catalytic layer to allow electron transfer from subcutaneous glucose to said indicating electrode sufficient to cause a response of said amperometric glucose sensor at an applied bias potential of no more than +250 millivolts, wherein (b) and (c) are performed at the same time for at least one hour, while maintaining a sensor sensitivity of at least 50% of an initial sensor sensitivity for up to one hour.

The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen production by water electrolysis, and discloses a method for producing hydrogen by electrochemically degrading organic waste in ethylene glycol production, which comprises the following steps: S1, mixing the organic waste in ethylene glycol production with a redox mediator, acid and a noble metal catalyst, and heating to perform degradation reaction, the redox mediator receives electrons released by oxidation of the organic waste in the reaction process and converts the electrons into low-valence ions; and S2, the reaction liquid obtained in the step S1 enters an electrolysis device to serve as anode electrolyte to be used for circulating electrolytic hydrogen production, low-valence ions are subjected to coupling electrolysis at the anode to be regenerated and return to the step S1 to participate in degradation again, and hydrogen is produced from water on the cathode side. According to the method, the redox mediator can be recycled, organic waste can be effectively degraded, hydrogen can be efficiently produced, and compared with electrolyzed water, the power consumption for producing hydrogen with the same volume is reduced by 50% or above.

A method for sensing an analyte utilizing a sensor having a working electrode, the method includes providing the working electrode with an analyte-specific enzyme and a redox mediator, providing the working electrode to the analyte, accumulating charge derived from the analyte reacting with the analyte-specific enzyme and the redox mediator for a set period of time, connecting the working electrode to circuit after the set period of time, and measuring the signal from the accumulated charge.

A process for recovering silver from particles, for example, from ground photovoltaic cells, the process comprising the following successive steps: i) immersing silver-containing particles in a solution comprising a deep eutectic solvent and a redox mediator, thereby forming silver ions in solution; ii) separating the particles from the solution containing the silver ions; iii) performing electrolysis of the solution, thereby reducing the silver ions and regenerating the redox mediator. Figure for the abstract: 1

This application relates to the field of rare earth smelting and separation technology, and discloses an ultrasonic-enhanced electrochemical coupling process for the complete separation of rare earth oxides, comprising the following steps: adding a polyphosphate complexing agent and a redox mediator to a cerium-rich rare earth aqueous solution as the anolyte, and pumping it into a dual-chamber membrane electrolytic cell separated by a cation exchange membrane for circulation. An electroacoustic phase-controlled synchronous system is activated to perform periodic reverse-phase pulse operations of turning on the ultrasonic current to decrease and turning off the ultrasonic current to increase. When the trivalent cerium conversion rate reaches a first threshold, the pH is dynamically adjusted and the current is reduced; when it reaches a second threshold, the process is stopped and the temperature is raised to mature the complex salt crystalline phase. The slurry is hot-pressed and filtered; the filter cake is dephosphorized and washed by alkaline solid-phase decomposition, and then calcined at a constant temperature to obtain high-purity cerium dioxide powder. This invention employs a dual-chamber electrolysis technology scheme using polyphosphate complexation combined with a perfluorosulfonic acid cation exchange membrane, achieving the technical effect of zero cathode penetration of rare earth materials.

A method may comprise (a) inserting an insulin delivery device subcutaneously into a body of a subject, which comprises an amperometric glucose sensor comprising an electrode layer comprising an indicating electrode and underlying a redox-catalytic layer comprising a redox mediator; (b) using said insulin delivery device to deliver an insulin formulation (e.g., comprising a phenol or cresol excipient) subcutaneously to said subject; and (c) using said amperometric glucose sensor to measure a subcutaneous glucose concentration, which comprises using said redox-catalytic layer to allow electron transfer from subcutaneous glucose to said indicating electrode sufficient to cause a response of said amperometric glucose sensor at an applied bias potential of no more than +250 millivolts, wherein (b) and (c) are performed at the same time for at least one hour, while maintaining a sensor sensitivity of at least 50% of an initial sensor sensitivity for up to one hour.

An electrosynthetic cell and its use are disclosed. The electrosynthetic cell can be used in a reductive electrosynthesis of one or more desired chemical products from one or more chemical reactants. The electrosynthetic cell comprises a hydrogen anode half-cell and a cathode half-cell. The hydrogen anode half-cell comprises hydrogen (H2), a first liquid phase solution that is in contact with an anode and a heterogeneous redox catalyst capable of catalyzing the oxidation of H2 to H+, and a redox mediator capable of transferring or accepting electrons and / or protons while undergoing reduction or oxidation. The cathode half-cell comprises a second liquid phase solution comprising the one or more chemical reactants that is in contact with a cathode and a reductive synthesis catalyst capable of catalyzing the reductive synthesis of the one or more desired chemical products from the one or more chemical reactants.

The present invention concerns methods, test strips, systems and kits of parts suitable for detecting the presence of analytes within samples through the use of fuel cells. Use of the test strips, systems and kits in detecting the presence or absence of a target in a sample is also included. When target analytes are present in the sample, sandwich complexes are formed comprising the analyte, a magnetically moveable particle and a detectable species, such as a catalyst or redox mediator. Complexes are separated from other components of the sample by magnetic separation and detected as a response or change in response from a fuel cell.

The present disclosure generally relates to redox mediators or catalysts for various uses, such as in redox flow batteries. The redox mediator may be a 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-l-oxyl or TEMPO-based redox mediator in aspects. In certain cases, such redox mediators may be useful in electrochemical devices, for example, in a battery such as a flow battery. In some embodiments, the flow battery may be based on bromide or another halide, e.g., acting as a catholyte. Other aspects are generally directed to flow batteries containing such redox mediators, methods of making or using such redox mediators, kits involving such redox mediators, or the like.

The invention relates to a manganese oxide-molybdenum-based material composite positive electrode and application thereof in an aqueous zinc ion battery. The composite positive electrode is prepared by mixing manganese oxide, a molybdenum-based material, a conductive carbon material and a binder. Wherein the molybdenum-based material is a molybdenum-based sulfide and / or a molybdenum-based selenium compound (MoxAy, A represents S and / or Se, x is equal to 1, y is equal to 2) or a compound of the molybdenum-based sulfide and / or the molybdenum-based selenium compound and a carbon material (such as a carbon nanotube, graphene and activated carbon), and the mass fraction of the molybdenum-based material in the composite positive electrode is 0.1-10 wt%. Wherein the molybdenum-based material serves as a redox medium and a catalyst of manganese oxide in the composite positive electrode, reversible redox of manganese ions can be promoted, the reaction dynamic characteristic is improved, and therefore the cycle stability of the water-based zinc ion battery is remarkably improved, and the service life of the water-based zinc ion battery is remarkably prolonged.

The invention relates to a manganese-based-hydrogen flow battery system, in particular to a manganese-based-hydrogen flow battery system based on a titanium halide salt composite additive. The core problems of MnO2 precipitation and accumulation, oxygen evolution side reaction and short cycle life in the manganese-based battery are solved through multi-mechanism collaborative innovation; according to the system, the manganese-based acidic electrolyte is adopted, and the electrochemical stability and the energy density are remarkably improved through the collaborative design of the titanium halide salt composite additive and the hydrogen electrode; titanium ions inhibit the disproportionation reaction of Mn < 3 + > by forming a physical barrier, complexing stability and an electronic regulation and control mechanism, meanwhile, a halogen redox mediator realizes Mn valence state dynamic balance through reversible redox circulation, chemical regeneration of MnO2 and efficient circulation of soluble Mn < 2 + > are promoted, and irreversible loss of active substances caused by irreversible precipitation of MnO2 is effectively inhibited; according to the invention, a technical path with economical efficiency, safety and sustainability is provided for large-scale energy storage, and the method is suitable for power grid level peak regulation and renewable energy consumption.

Electrolyte systems for lithium-based batteries address challenges including polysulfide shuttling, lithium dendrite formation, and strict electrolyte composition requirements through improved solvents, electron withdrawing compounds, lithium ion-transporting compounds, and performance enhancing additives. The electrolyte systems further incorporate phenyl-based chalcogenide compounds, including Diphenyl sulfide, Diphenyl diselenide, and Diphenyl ditelluride, as redox mediators having redox potentials proximate to the Li-S redox potential. The redox mediators undergo reduction at the cathode surface and diffuse through the electrolyte to mediate electron transfer to lithium polysulfides not in direct contact with conductive surfaces, facilitating conversion to Li2S and improving active material utilization. Diphenyl ditelluride demonstrates superior capacity enhancement across discharge rates from 0.1 C to 1 C. These developments provide synergistic benefits including improved charge / discharge capacity, Coulombic efficiency, cycle life, and sulfur utilization while reducing polysulfide shuttling and lithium dendrite formation.

Methods and systems are provided for redox mediated pre-lithiation of a lithium battery. An uncharged lithium ion battery includes a cathode and an electrolyte. The cathode includes a cathode active material and cathode pre-lithiation material and the electrolyte includes a redox mediator having a redox potential higher than a redox potential of the cathode pre-lithiation material and outside an operating voltage window of the cathode active material.

A microbial electrochemical cell for degrading waste materials into useful products and process of degradation thereof is described. The microbial electrochemical cell includes at least one compartment; at least two electrodes connected to an electrical source (A); the anode is disposed within an organic solvent (C) containing mixed and unsorted waste such as plastic, organic and inorganic wastes; one or more bacterial strains suspended within the organic solvent; the one or more bacterial strain form a biofilm (E) on the anode; the cathode is disposed in a redox mediator and buffer mixture (G); and a salt bridge or a membrane is provided to selectively transfer the ions between the organic solvent (C) containing the mixed and unsorted waste and the redox mediator and buffer mixture (G); where the waste material received within the anode chamber is transformed into an useful product.

To solve the problem that an alcohol sensor is not practical when used for a disposable sensor, and disadvantages thereof include sensor storage stability, response sensitivity, a concentration range, and the number of usable reduction-type redox mediators.SOLUTION: There is provided a disposable biosensor that has: a detection surface at least having a working electrode part and a reference electrode part; a first reagent which includes NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenase, NAD(P)+, diaphorase, and an oxidized redox mediator, and is arranged on the working electrode part to form a working electrode; and a reference electrode material which is arranged on the reference electrode part to form a reference electrode.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 7

The invention relates to a renewable fuel cell based on a heteropolyacid redox medium and a working method thereof. The invention relates to a unitized renewable fuel cell based on a heteropolyacid redox medium, and belongs to the technical field of fuel cells. The unitized renewable fuel cell is characterized in that a hydrogen-heteropolyacid electrochemical cell and a heteropolyacid chemical regeneration reactor are connected through a fluid pipeline; wherein the electrochemical tank is used for realizing electrochemical reaction, and the regeneration reactor is used for realizing chemical regeneration of a heteropolyacid redox medium; the heteropolyacid side electrode does not need a noble metal catalyst, and the noble metal load of the hydrogen electrode is lt; the electrochemical reaction and chemical regeneration are decoupled, so that the corrosion of transient potential oscillation to the catalyst is eliminated, and the durability is high under a dynamic working condition; the heteropolyacid aqueous solution is a homogeneous system, so that the conflict between hydrophilic and hydrophobic environments is avoided, and a complex hydrothermal regulation device is not needed; the technical defects of a traditional unitized renewable fuel cell URFC are overcome, the problems that precious metal depends on, hydrothermal management is complex, and dynamic working condition durability is poor are solved, and meanwhile energy conversion efficiency and economic benefits are improved.

Methods and systems are provided for redox mediated pre-lithiation of a lithium battery. An uncharged lithium ion battery includes a cathode and an electrolyte. The cathode includes a cathode active material and cathode pre-lithiation material and the electrolyte includes a redox mediator having a redox potential higher than a redox potential of the cathode pre-lithiation material and outside an operating voltage window of the cathode active material.

The present disclosure relates to a continuous oxygen sensor comprising a working electrode comprising carbon, and a redox mediator comprising a polymer, an electron transfer agent, and no enzyme; wherein the redox mediator is disposed on at least a portion of the working electrode. The present disclosure is further related to a dual analyte sensor which can sense oxygen and a second analyte of interest. The present disclosure is further related to a method of sensing oxygen, which includes exposing the continuous oxygen sensor, or dual sensor, to a biofluid comprising oxygen; applying a potential to the working electrode, wherein the potential is sufficient to induce an oxidation reduction cascade that reduces oxygen to water, hydrogen peroxide, or a combination thereof; obtaining a signal that is proportional to a concentration of oxygen in the biofluid; and correlating the signal to the concentration of oxygen in the biofluid.

A use of an iodine-containing ion-conductive additive in a sulfur positive electrode of a solid-state lithium-sulfur battery, and a positive electrode material and a preparation method therefor and a use thereof. The iodine-containing ion-conductive additive serves as a redox mediator to promote the oxidation of Li2S. During charging, I - in the iodine-containing ion-conductive additive is electrochemically oxidized to an oxidized iodine species at the interface between the iodine-containing ion-conductive additive and a conductive material in the sulfur positive electrode. The oxidized iodine species then chemically oxidizes Li2S in contact with the oxidized iodine species. The redox-mediated process on the surface of the iodine-containing ion-conductive additive enables a reaction at the two-phase interface between the iodine-containing ion-conductive additive and Li2S, thereby improving the solid-state reaction kinetics of sulfur. The iodine-containing ion-conductive additive comprises a compound containing iodine, lithium, and sulfur elements, wherein the molar amount of the iodine element in per mole of the iodine-containing ion-conductive additive satisfies 0<nI≤2. The iodine-containing ion-conductive additive enables the sulfur positive electrode of the solid-state lithium-sulfur battery and a battery prepared therefrom to have fast-charging performance and high cycle stability.

The present invention relates to the field of sensor technology, and discloses a preparation method and application of a glucose sensor constructed based on glucose dehydrogenase. This preparation method comprises: S1, taking MCNT-NH2 and placing it in ethanol for ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a dispersion of MCNT-NH2; then coating the MCNT-NH2 dispersion on a substrate to obtain an MCNT-NH2-modified substrate electrode; S2, adding PEG9, TH, PEI and FAD-GDH solution to water, mixing evenly, and heating in a water bath to obtain a hydrogel sensing film; S3, coating the hydrogel sensing film prepared by S2 on the surface of the substrate electrode prepared in S1, and allowing it to stand at room temperature. The present invention realizes the construction of a three-dimensional network of hydrogels by cross-linking redox mediators TH, glucose dehydrogenase and polymers, thereby increasing the loading amount of protease catalysts and mediators on the substrate surface; at the same time, the use of a mediator with a low formula potential improves the sensitivity, anti-interference and accuracy of the glucose sensor for glucose detection.

The present disclosure relates to a microneedle analyte sensing device for continuous monitoring of an analyte in a user's biological fluid, specifically designed for detecting ketone levels in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) management. The disclosed microneedle analyte sensing device utilizes dopamine (DA) molecules covalently linked to the microneedle patch's polymer structure or toluidine blue O (TBO), serving as a redox mediator for measuring the oxidation byproduct of 3-beta-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB). The sensing mechanism relies on catechol-quinone chemistry, where a pre-oxidation approach correlates sensor response to β-HB concentrations. The device comprises a plurality of microneedles on a substrate that, when applied to the skin, penetrate the stratum corneum to contact biological fluid. At least one microneedle functions as a working electrode to detect an electrochemical signal from the enzymatic reaction with the analyte, while additional microneedles serve as counter and reference electrodes to facilitate accurate electrochemical measurements.

The application belongs to the field of bioelectrochemical sensors, and discloses a biosensor and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method is as follows: gold source solution is used as an electrolyte, an electrode part (including a working electrode, a reference electrode and a counter electrode) is placed in the electrolyte to perform electrochemical deposition, thereby uniformly depositing gold nanoparticles on the surface of the working electrode to prepare a gold nanoparticle modified working electrode; the deposition voltage is 0.4-0.6 V; a thiol-modified redox mediator-single-stranded DNA solution is added dropwise on the surface of the gold nanoparticle modified working electrode, and after incubation, the biosensor is prepared. The method can complete the direct deposition of gold nanoparticles on the surface of the working electrode through one-step operation, is simple and efficient, is conducive to batch production and application, and can be used for the detection of target nucleic acids.

The present disclosure relates to a method of improving the sensitivity of sensing ketones that includes providing i) a ketone sensing electrode comprising a ketone-responsive enzyme and a redox mediator; and ii) a background sensing electrode comprising a redox mediator and no ketone-responsive enzyme and applying a potential less than +40 mV to provide a steady state. The ketone sensing electrode and background sensing electrode can be simultaneously or sequentially disconnected from the circuit to allow the charge to accumulate for a set period of time. After sufficient charge has been built up, both electrodes can be reconnected to the circuit. The ketone signal can be measured by subtracting a signal obtained from the background sensing electrode from a signal obtained from the ketone sensing electrode. The present disclosure further relates to a ketone sensor comprising a first sensing electrode that senses ketone and a second sensing electrode that senses the background.

The invention relates to the technical field of water treatment, and discloses a method for recovering high-purity sulfur from wastewater based on electrochemical coupling organisms, which comprises the following steps: 1) reducing SO4 < 2-> in wastewater into HS <-> in a cathode of an electrolytic hydrogen production reactor by using hydrogen autotrophic sulfate reducing bacteria; (2) CO2 is introduced as a carbon source, HS <-> in catholyte is blown off into a delocalized electrochemical oxidation unit containing a Fe (CN) 63 <-> / Fe (CN) 64 <-> redox mediator in the form of H2S by regulating and controlling the pH of a cathode and the internal circulation gas speed, H2S is selectively oxidized into S0 by Fe (CN) 63 <-> and collected, and the generated Fe (CN) 64 <-> is introduced into the anode and oxidized back to Fe (CN) 63 <->. According to the invention, efficient removal of SO4 < 2-> in wastewater and synchronous recovery of high-purity S0 are realized in an electrically-driven low-carbon mode, and the problems of low S0 purity, excessive oxidation and electrode passivation in a traditional bioelectrochemical method are solved.

The invention relates to the technical field of sensors, and discloses a preparation method and application of a glucose sensor constructed based on glucose dehydrogenase. The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1, taking MCNT-NH2, putting the MCNT-NH2 into ethanol, and carrying out ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a dispersion liquid of the MCNT-NH2; then, the MCNT-NH2 dispersion liquid is coated on a substrate, and an MCNT-NH2 modified substrate electrode is prepared; s2, adding PEG9, TH, PEI and an FAD-GDH solution into water, uniformly mixing, and heating in a water bath to obtain a hydrogel sensing film; and S3, coating the surface of the substrate electrode prepared in S1 with the hydrogel sensing film prepared in S2, and standing at normal temperature. The three-dimensional network hydrogel construction is realized by crosslinking the redox mediator TH, the glucose dehydrogenase and the polymer, and the loading capacity of the protease catalyst and the mediator on the surface of the substrate is improved; meanwhile, due to the adoption of the medium with low quantity potential, the sensitivity, the anti-interference performance and the accuracy of the glucose sensor on glucose detection are improved.

The invention relates to a method for opening and discharging an electrochemical cell of an ionic insertion-disinsertion battery, comprising a casing in which are housed a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a separator and an electrolyte, which comprises the following operations: opening the electrochemical cell at the level of one or more zones of the casing, at least the opening zone(s) being brought into contact with a liquid L1, then discharging the electrochemical cell by bringing the cell into contact with a liquid L2, and which is characterized in that: - the liquid L1 comprises a solvent based on an alcohol and optionally a redox mediator, while the liquid L2 comprises a solvent based on an alcohol jointly with a redox mediator; and - the liquids L1 and L2 are free of chlorine.It also relates to a recycling process for an ionic insertion-disinsertion battery that employs this opening and discharging process. Applications: recycling of lithium-ion, sodium-ion, potassium-ion, calcium-ion, or magnesium-ion batteries.

The present invention provides a Ni-Co LDH redox medium, a modular electrochemical synthesis system and a construction method thereof. The preparation of the redox medium comprises: dissolving nickel nitrate hexahydrate and cobalt chloride hexahydrate in a methanol-ultrapure water mixed solution and stirring vigorously, adding hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide and stirring, and performing hydrothermal reaction, cooling, washing and drying to obtain the Ni-Co LDH redox medium. The present invention synthesizes Ni-Co LDH as a solid redox medium through one-step hydrothermal synthesis, and constructs a system for modular synthesis of H2O2 and FDCA in an alkaline electrolyte. The Ni-Co LDH redox medium electrode converts between a reduced state and an oxidized state through a reversible redox reaction, accompanied by OH ‑ Ion adsorption / desorption. The Ni-Co LDH redox mediator electrode selectively stores and transports hydroxide ions involved in the target half-reaction through reversible conversion with NiOOH and CoOOH. This enables modular production of higher-value chemicals, H2O2 and FDCA, while maintaining ionic balance.

The invention discloses a method for rapidly detecting an interface structure of a solid electrolyte, which comprises the following steps: taking a powder microelectrode as a working electrode, soaking the working electrode in a first electrolyte, respectively taking two pieces of metal lithium as a reference electrode and a counter electrode, and testing for 3-5 circles by cyclic voltammetry to obtain an SEI-powder microelectrode; and taking the SEI-powder microelectrode as a working electrode, soaking the working electrode in a second electrolyte containing a redox mediator probe, taking a silver wire as a reference electrode and a carbon rod as a counter electrode, carrying out cyclic voltammetry test, and obtaining SEI membrane structure information through a CV curve. By adopting the powder microelectrode, the device has the advantages of remarkably improving steady-state diffusion current, being rapid in electrochemical reaction response, small in iR drop and high in signal-to-noise ratio, and can realize accurate measurement of rapid electrochemical reaction occurring in a short time; by adopting the redox mediator probe, the interface structure of the SEI can be rapidly and nondestructively tested, and the overall property and the internal structure of the SEI can be detected.

Methods and devices useful for determining the analyte concentration of a sample using output currents obtained from an input potential in the kinetic potential region of a redox mediator are disclosed. Preferably, the input potential used to generate the output currents from the kinetic potential region of the redox mediator is continually increasing with time after initiating the analysis. A method of selecting an initial input potential within the kinetic potential region of a redox mediator based on the sensitivity of an individual or batch of subcutaneously insertable test sensors also is described. A method of selecting an analysis input potential within the kinetic potential region of redox mediator based on the sensitivity of an individual subcutaneously inserted test sensor also is described where the analysis input potential is increased with insertion time.