86 results about "Redox mediator" patented technology

The invention belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment, and discloses an anaerobic ammonia oxidation enhanced denitrification device and method based on an electron mediator type biological carrier and iron oxide. The anaerobic ammonia oxidation enhanced denitrification device comprises a reactor main body, a heat preservation circulating water device, a stirring device, a water inlet pipeline and a water outlet pipeline, anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria are contained in the reactor main body, a certain proportion of electron mediator type biological carriers are filled in the reactor, and a proper amount of iron oxide is added; wherein the added high-valence iron oxide can be used as an extracellular electron acceptor of anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria, the electron mediator type carrier can be used as a redox mediator, and nitrogen removal of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation system is promoted by strengthening the extracellular electron transfer process of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria.

The invention discloses a lithium-oxygen battery electrolyte and a preparation method and application thereof. The lithium-oxygen battery electrolyte comprises a lithium salt, an additive and a solvent, the additive is 1, 3-dimethylimidazole iodized salt. The redox medium (organic iodized salt) is added into the ether electrolyte of the lithium oxygen battery, anions of the redox medium can reduce the charge-discharge overpotential of the lithium oxygen battery, cations of the redox medium can form an in-situ protection layer on a lithium negative electrode, the redox medium is prevented from reacting with the lithium negative electrode, lithium corrosion and lithium dendrite growth are effectively inhibited, and the service life of the lithium oxygen battery is prolonged. And the lithium-oxygen battery has excellent electrochemical performance and long cycle stability.

A method may comprise (a) inserting an insulin delivery device subcutaneously into a body of a subject, which comprises an amperometric glucose sensor comprising an electrode layer comprising an indicating electrode and underlying a redox-catalytic layer comprising a redox mediator; (b) using said insulin delivery device to deliver an insulin formulation (e.g., comprising a phenol or cresol excipient) subcutaneously to said subject; and (c) using said amperometric glucose sensor to measure a subcutaneous glucose concentration, which comprises using said redox-catalytic layer to allow electron transfer from subcutaneous glucose to said indicating electrode sufficient to cause a response of said amperometric glucose sensor at an applied bias potential of no more than +250 millivolts, wherein (b) and (c) are performed at the same time for at least one hour, while maintaining a sensor sensitivity of at least 50% of an initial sensor sensitivity for up to one hour.

The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen production by water electrolysis, and discloses a method for producing hydrogen by electrochemically degrading organic waste in ethylene glycol production, which comprises the following steps: S1, mixing the organic waste in ethylene glycol production with a redox mediator, acid and a noble metal catalyst, and heating to perform degradation reaction, the redox mediator receives electrons released by oxidation of the organic waste in the reaction process and converts the electrons into low-valence ions; and S2, the reaction liquid obtained in the step S1 enters an electrolysis device to serve as anode electrolyte to be used for circulating electrolytic hydrogen production, low-valence ions are subjected to coupling electrolysis at the anode to be regenerated and return to the step S1 to participate in degradation again, and hydrogen is produced from water on the cathode side. According to the method, the redox mediator can be recycled, organic waste can be effectively degraded, hydrogen can be efficiently produced, and compared with electrolyzed water, the power consumption for producing hydrogen with the same volume is reduced by 50% or above.

A method for sensing an analyte utilizing a sensor having a working electrode, the method includes providing the working electrode with an analyte-specific enzyme and a redox mediator, providing the working electrode to the analyte, accumulating charge derived from the analyte reacting with the analyte-specific enzyme and the redox mediator for a set period of time, connecting the working electrode to circuit after the set period of time, and measuring the signal from the accumulated charge.

A process for recovering silver from particles, for example, from ground photovoltaic cells, the process comprising the following successive steps: i) immersing silver-containing particles in a solution comprising a deep eutectic solvent and a redox mediator, thereby forming silver ions in solution; ii) separating the particles from the solution containing the silver ions; iii) performing electrolysis of the solution, thereby reducing the silver ions and regenerating the redox mediator. Figure for the abstract: 1

This application relates to the field of rare earth smelting and separation technology, and discloses an ultrasonic-enhanced electrochemical coupling process for the complete separation of rare earth oxides, comprising the following steps: adding a polyphosphate complexing agent and a redox mediator to a cerium-rich rare earth aqueous solution as the anolyte, and pumping it into a dual-chamber membrane electrolytic cell separated by a cation exchange membrane for circulation. An electroacoustic phase-controlled synchronous system is activated to perform periodic reverse-phase pulse operations of turning on the ultrasonic current to decrease and turning off the ultrasonic current to increase. When the trivalent cerium conversion rate reaches a first threshold, the pH is dynamically adjusted and the current is reduced; when it reaches a second threshold, the process is stopped and the temperature is raised to mature the complex salt crystalline phase. The slurry is hot-pressed and filtered; the filter cake is dephosphorized and washed by alkaline solid-phase decomposition, and then calcined at a constant temperature to obtain high-purity cerium dioxide powder. This invention employs a dual-chamber electrolysis technology scheme using polyphosphate complexation combined with a perfluorosulfonic acid cation exchange membrane, achieving the technical effect of zero cathode penetration of rare earth materials.

A method may comprise (a) inserting an insulin delivery device subcutaneously into a body of a subject, which comprises an amperometric glucose sensor comprising an electrode layer comprising an indicating electrode and underlying a redox-catalytic layer comprising a redox mediator; (b) using said insulin delivery device to deliver an insulin formulation (e.g., comprising a phenol or cresol excipient) subcutaneously to said subject; and (c) using said amperometric glucose sensor to measure a subcutaneous glucose concentration, which comprises using said redox-catalytic layer to allow electron transfer from subcutaneous glucose to said indicating electrode sufficient to cause a response of said amperometric glucose sensor at an applied bias potential of no more than +250 millivolts, wherein (b) and (c) are performed at the same time for at least one hour, while maintaining a sensor sensitivity of at least 50% of an initial sensor sensitivity for up to one hour.

An electrosynthetic cell and its use are disclosed. The electrosynthetic cell can be used in a reductive electrosynthesis of one or more desired chemical products from one or more chemical reactants. The electrosynthetic cell comprises a hydrogen anode half-cell and a cathode half-cell. The hydrogen anode half-cell comprises hydrogen (H2), a first liquid phase solution that is in contact with an anode and a heterogeneous redox catalyst capable of catalyzing the oxidation of H2 to H+, and a redox mediator capable of transferring or accepting electrons and / or protons while undergoing reduction or oxidation. The cathode half-cell comprises a second liquid phase solution comprising the one or more chemical reactants that is in contact with a cathode and a reductive synthesis catalyst capable of catalyzing the reductive synthesis of the one or more desired chemical products from the one or more chemical reactants.

The present invention concerns methods, test strips, systems and kits of parts suitable for detecting the presence of analytes within samples through the use of fuel cells. Use of the test strips, systems and kits in detecting the presence or absence of a target in a sample is also included. When target analytes are present in the sample, sandwich complexes are formed comprising the analyte, a magnetically moveable particle and a detectable species, such as a catalyst or redox mediator. Complexes are separated from other components of the sample by magnetic separation and detected as a response or change in response from a fuel cell.

Provided herein is a redox flow battery including: a catholyte chamber including a catholyte and a cathode; an anolyte chamber comprising an anolyte and an anode, the anode comprising a first metal; and an ion-selective membrane disposed between the cathode chamber and the anode chamber, wherein: the first metal is selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Group III metals, and transition metals; the anolyte comprises an anodic redox mediator; and a redox potential of the anodic redox mediator with respect to the standard hydrogen electrode is more positive than a redox potential of the first metal with respect to the standard hydrogen electrode.

The application belongs to the field of new energy materials and electrochemical desalination technology, and discloses a method and application of targeted oxidation-reduction driven electrochemical desalination, ion extraction and electrode material recovery. Oxidation-reduction electrochemical reaction is generated by a liquid flow electrode, so that positive and negative ions in a salt solution are captured and desalted by being constrained by an electric field and passing through a corresponding ion exchange membrane. At the same time, the electrolyte loses active substances due to participating in the desalination reaction, and then acts as a "catalyst" in the recovery step and reacts with the electrode material. In the process of repairing or recycling the electrode material, the desalination activity is restored. The liquid flow electrolyte can be continuously regenerated and supplemented, and long-term continuous desalination and electrode material recovery can be realized. The method is suitable for factory scale production, and can be applied to industrial wastewater treatment, domestic water purification, energy conversion and storage, and other fields requiring electric energy.

A method for sensing an analyte utilizing a sensor having a working electrode, the method includes providing the working electrode with an analyte-specific enzyme and a redox mediator, providing the working electrode to the analyte, accumulating charge derived from the analyte reacting with the analyte-specific enzyme and the redox mediator for a set period of time, connecting the working electrode to circuit after the set period of time, and measuring the signal from the accumulated charge.

The application discloses a kind of waste lithium ion battery positive electrode material co-recovery leaching reaction system and its application, waste lithium ion battery positive electrode material co-recovery method, waste lithium ion battery positive electrode material co-recovery leaching reaction system, including low potential positive electrode material, high potential positive electrode material and leaching solution;Leaching solution includes redox mediator substance, acid and solvent;The oxidation-reduction potential of redox mediator substance is between low potential positive electrode material and high potential positive electrode material.The method for waste lithium ion battery positive electrode material co-recovery is: low potential positive electrode material, high potential positive electrode material and leaching solution are mixed, and react under stirring condition.The method for waste lithium ion battery positive electrode material co-recovery of the application does not need to add sacrificial reagent, realizes the efficient synergic recovery of metal in mixed waste battery positive electrode material, avoids the cumbersome step of pre-sorting different positive electrode materials in traditional method.

The present disclosure generally relates to redox mediators or catalysts for various uses, such as in redox flow batteries. The redox mediator may be a 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-l-oxyl or TEMPO-based redox mediator in aspects. In certain cases, such redox mediators may be useful in electrochemical devices, for example, in a battery such as a flow battery. In some embodiments, the flow battery may be based on bromide or another halide, e.g., acting as a catholyte. Other aspects are generally directed to flow batteries containing such redox mediators, methods of making or using such redox mediators, kits involving such redox mediators, or the like.

Methods and devices useful for determining the analyte concentration of a sample using output currents obtained from an input potential in the kinetic potential region of a redox mediator are disclosed. Preferably, the input potential used to generate the output currents from the kinetic potential region of the redox mediator is continually increasing with time after initiating the analysis. A method of selecting an initial input potential within the kinetic potential region of a redox mediator based on the sensitivity of an individual or batch of subcutaneously insertable test sensors also is described. A method of selecting an analysis input potential within the kinetic potential region of redox mediator based on the sensitivity of an individual subcutaneously inserted test sensor also is described where the analysis input potential is increased with insertion time.

The invention discloses a preparation method and multifunctional application of a self-powered three-mode sensor based on double photoelectrodes, and belongs to the field of food-borne pathogenic bacterium detection. CuI / CuSCN is used as a photoelectric cathode material, NTW is used as a photoelectric anode material, the Fermi level difference between the two electrodes is utilized, bias voltage and an oxidation-reduction medium do not need to be additionally arranged, and the photoelectric sensor has the advantages of high light energy utilization rate, portability and anti-interference capability. Au NPs is further modified on the surface of the photoanode material, and an aptamer is connected through an Au-S bond to serve as a recognition element, so that a novel dual-photoelectrode self-energized aptamer sensor is constructed. Besides, photoelectrochemistry, electrochemistry and fluorescence three-mode sensing and photocatalytic sterilization technologies are introduced into the self-powered system, so that the detection accuracy and sensitivity are improved, and a feasible scheme is provided for detecting and killing food-borne pathogenic bacteria at the same time.

The invention relates to a manganese oxide-molybdenum-based material composite positive electrode and application thereof in an aqueous zinc ion battery. The composite positive electrode is prepared by mixing manganese oxide, a molybdenum-based material, a conductive carbon material and a binder. Wherein the molybdenum-based material is a molybdenum-based sulfide and / or a molybdenum-based selenium compound (MoxAy, A represents S and / or Se, x is equal to 1, y is equal to 2) or a compound of the molybdenum-based sulfide and / or the molybdenum-based selenium compound and a carbon material (such as a carbon nanotube, graphene and activated carbon), and the mass fraction of the molybdenum-based material in the composite positive electrode is 0.1-10 wt%. Wherein the molybdenum-based material serves as a redox medium and a catalyst of manganese oxide in the composite positive electrode, reversible redox of manganese ions can be promoted, the reaction dynamic characteristic is improved, and therefore the cycle stability of the water-based zinc ion battery is remarkably improved, and the service life of the water-based zinc ion battery is remarkably prolonged.

The invention relates to a manganese-based-hydrogen flow battery system, in particular to a manganese-based-hydrogen flow battery system based on a titanium halide salt composite additive. The core problems of MnO2 precipitation and accumulation, oxygen evolution side reaction and short cycle life in the manganese-based battery are solved through multi-mechanism collaborative innovation; according to the system, the manganese-based acidic electrolyte is adopted, and the electrochemical stability and the energy density are remarkably improved through the collaborative design of the titanium halide salt composite additive and the hydrogen electrode; titanium ions inhibit the disproportionation reaction of Mn < 3 + > by forming a physical barrier, complexing stability and an electronic regulation and control mechanism, meanwhile, a halogen redox mediator realizes Mn valence state dynamic balance through reversible redox circulation, chemical regeneration of MnO2 and efficient circulation of soluble Mn < 2 + > are promoted, and irreversible loss of active substances caused by irreversible precipitation of MnO2 is effectively inhibited; according to the invention, a technical path with economical efficiency, safety and sustainability is provided for large-scale energy storage, and the method is suitable for power grid level peak regulation and renewable energy consumption.

Electrolyte systems for lithium-based batteries address challenges including polysulfide shuttling, lithium dendrite formation, and strict electrolyte composition requirements through improved solvents, electron withdrawing compounds, lithium ion-transporting compounds, and performance enhancing additives. The electrolyte systems further incorporate phenyl-based chalcogenide compounds, including Diphenyl sulfide, Diphenyl diselenide, and Diphenyl ditelluride, as redox mediators having redox potentials proximate to the Li-S redox potential. The redox mediators undergo reduction at the cathode surface and diffuse through the electrolyte to mediate electron transfer to lithium polysulfides not in direct contact with conductive surfaces, facilitating conversion to Li2S and improving active material utilization. Diphenyl ditelluride demonstrates superior capacity enhancement across discharge rates from 0.1 C to 1 C. These developments provide synergistic benefits including improved charge / discharge capacity, Coulombic efficiency, cycle life, and sulfur utilization while reducing polysulfide shuttling and lithium dendrite formation.

Methods and systems are provided for redox mediated pre-lithiation of a lithium battery. An uncharged lithium ion battery includes a cathode and an electrolyte. The cathode includes a cathode active material and cathode pre-lithiation material and the electrolyte includes a redox mediator having a redox potential higher than a redox potential of the cathode pre-lithiation material and outside an operating voltage window of the cathode active material.

A microbial electrochemical cell for degrading waste materials into useful products and process of degradation thereof is described. The microbial electrochemical cell includes at least one compartment; at least two electrodes connected to an electrical source (A); the anode is disposed within an organic solvent (C) containing mixed and unsorted waste such as plastic, organic and inorganic wastes; one or more bacterial strains suspended within the organic solvent; the one or more bacterial strain form a biofilm (E) on the anode; the cathode is disposed in a redox mediator and buffer mixture (G); and a salt bridge or a membrane is provided to selectively transfer the ions between the organic solvent (C) containing the mixed and unsorted waste and the redox mediator and buffer mixture (G); where the waste material received within the anode chamber is transformed into an useful product.

To solve the problem that an alcohol sensor is not practical when used for a disposable sensor, and disadvantages thereof include sensor storage stability, response sensitivity, a concentration range, and the number of usable reduction-type redox mediators.SOLUTION: There is provided a disposable biosensor that has: a detection surface at least having a working electrode part and a reference electrode part; a first reagent which includes NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenase, NAD(P)+, diaphorase, and an oxidized redox mediator, and is arranged on the working electrode part to form a working electrode; and a reference electrode material which is arranged on the reference electrode part to form a reference electrode.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 7

The invention relates to a renewable fuel cell based on a heteropolyacid redox medium and a working method thereof. The invention relates to a unitized renewable fuel cell based on a heteropolyacid redox medium, and belongs to the technical field of fuel cells. The unitized renewable fuel cell is characterized in that a hydrogen-heteropolyacid electrochemical cell and a heteropolyacid chemical regeneration reactor are connected through a fluid pipeline; wherein the electrochemical tank is used for realizing electrochemical reaction, and the regeneration reactor is used for realizing chemical regeneration of a heteropolyacid redox medium; the heteropolyacid side electrode does not need a noble metal catalyst, and the noble metal load of the hydrogen electrode is lt; the electrochemical reaction and chemical regeneration are decoupled, so that the corrosion of transient potential oscillation to the catalyst is eliminated, and the durability is high under a dynamic working condition; the heteropolyacid aqueous solution is a homogeneous system, so that the conflict between hydrophilic and hydrophobic environments is avoided, and a complex hydrothermal regulation device is not needed; the technical defects of a traditional unitized renewable fuel cell URFC are overcome, the problems that precious metal depends on, hydrothermal management is complex, and dynamic working condition durability is poor are solved, and meanwhile energy conversion efficiency and economic benefits are improved.

The invention is directed to a mediated metal-sulfur flow battery. This battery format that is readily scalable to grid-scale levels at low cost, while maintaining battery safety by physically separating the anode and cathode. As an example, the marriage of a redox-targeting scheme to an engineered Li solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) enables a scalable, high efficiency, membrane-less Li—S redox flow battery. Redox mediators can be sued to kick-start the initial reduction of solid S into soluble polysulfides on the cathode side and final reduction of polysulfides into solid Li2S, precluding the need for conductive carbons. On the anode side, a LiI and LiNO3 pretreatment and additive strategy encourages a stable SEI and lessens capacity fade, avoiding the need for ion-selective separators.

The present disclosure relates to a creatinine sensor comprising a first working electrode, a creatinine sensing layer on the first working electrode comprising a redox mediator, creatinine amidohydrolase, creatine amidinohydrolase, and sarcosine oxidase, and a hydrophilic polyurethane membrane overcoating the creatinine sensing layer. The creatinine sensor can further comprise a background sensing electrode that does not detect creatinine. The present disclosure further relates to a method for sensing creatinine comprising exposing the creatinine sensor with a background sensing electrode to a fluid; applying a potential to the first and second working electrodes; obtaining a first signal from the first working electrode proportional to a concentration of creatinine and background interference in the fluid; obtaining a second signal from the second working electrode proportional to a concentration of background interference in the fluid; and determining the concentration of creatinine in the fluid by subtracting the second signal from the first signal.

The present invention relates to methods for the preparation of bioactive ink formulations for making printed bioelectrodes and their use in biodegradable enzymatic fuel cells.

Methods and systems are provided for redox mediated pre-lithiation of a lithium battery. An uncharged lithium ion battery includes a cathode and an electrolyte. The cathode includes a cathode active material and cathode pre-lithiation material and the electrolyte includes a redox mediator having a redox potential higher than a redox potential of the cathode pre-lithiation material and outside an operating voltage window of the cathode active material.

The disclosed technology relates to a rechargeable electrochemical cell comprising electroactive sulfur-containing material and ion conductive salt, as well as thiophosphate redox mediator.

The present disclosure relates to a continuous oxygen sensor comprising a working electrode comprising carbon, and a redox mediator comprising a polymer, an electron transfer agent, and no enzyme; wherein the redox mediator is disposed on at least a portion of the working electrode. The present disclosure is further related to a dual analyte sensor which can sense oxygen and a second analyte of interest. The present disclosure is further related to a method of sensing oxygen, which includes exposing the continuous oxygen sensor, or dual sensor, to a biofluid comprising oxygen; applying a potential to the working electrode, wherein the potential is sufficient to induce an oxidation reduction cascade that reduces oxygen to water, hydrogen peroxide, or a combination thereof; obtaining a signal that is proportional to a concentration of oxygen in the biofluid; and correlating the signal to the concentration of oxygen in the biofluid.