The invention provides a test paper testing device.The device comprises a testing box body, a smartphone, an additional lens and a light balancing module.The smartphone comprises an imaging lens, an illumination module, an image collection system and an image processing system, wherein the imaging lens of the smartphone and the additional lens form an optical imaging system, the light balancing module and the illumination module form an illumination system, and the smartphone is connected with one side of the testing box body, so that a dark chamber which can block off external light is formed; test paper to be tested is arranged at the other side, opposite to the smartphone, inside the testing box body.The test paper testing device based on the smartphone is simple in structure, small in size, convenient to carry, good in platform portability, low in cost, simple in testing operation, low in external environment requirement and capable of conducting testing in real time and on the spot.