The invention discloses a high-precision straightness inspection device and method for a
linear component, relates to the field of measurement of slender stepped shaft type linear components, and solves the problem of inaccurate measurement caused by gravity deformation, incapability of
free rotation and inconformity with vertical use conditions in existing horizontal measurement. The device comprises a rotary measuring mechanism and a
laser image projection measuring tool, the rotary measuring mechanism is composed of a segmented positioning frame, a split locking disc, a rotary
workbench and the like, vertical fixation and middle section reference transfer of a
linear component are achieved, and the lower section coaxiality is measured in cooperation with a depth
micrometer; the
laser projection device comprises a
laser light source, a receiving target and a
control unit and drives a component to rotate through a rotary
workbench, and
laser projection captures upper-section swing deviation. According to the method, straightness detection is completed through reference adjustment and segmented measurement. The method fits the actual working condition, the
measurement precision of the lower section is less than or equal to 0.005 mm, the
measurement precision of the upper section is less than or equal to 0.002 mm, the measurement time of a 4m part is less than or equal to 30 minutes, and the method is adaptive to phi 12-phi 30 parts and is suitable for high-precision detection of vertical linear parts.