439 results about "3d surfaces" patented technology

A method for reconstructing 3D surface structure of an object uses a two stage approach. In the first stage, a first set of images is obtained, and a spatial coding technique, such as a random grid, is used for correspondence mapping of coordinates from a first image to a second image of an object, and the images are obtained at different angles with respect to the object. In the second stage, a second structured illumination, typically comprising a striped grid, is used to obtain a second set of images, typically comprising two further images of the object. The mapping provided by the first stage provides proper labeling of the grid between these two images of the second set, and enables accurate matching of elements between these images. Triangulation or epipole methods can then be used for obtaining the 3D coordinates of the surface being reconstructed.

Methods, apparatus and computer program products provide efficient techniques for reconstructing surfaces from data point sets. These techniques include reconstructing surfaces from sets of scanned data points that have preferably undergone preprocessing operations to improve their quality by, for example, reducing noise and removing outliers. These techniques include reconstructing a dense and locally two-dimensionally distributed 3D point set (e.g., point cloud) by merging stars in two-dimensional weighted Delaunay triangulations within estimated tangent planes. The techniques include determining a plurality of stars from a plurality of points pi in a 3D point set S that at least partially describes the 3D surface, by projecting the plurality of points pi onto planes Ti that are each estimated to be tangent about a respective one of the plurality of points pi. The plurality of stars are then merged into a digital model of the 3D surface.

There are provided systems and methods for obtaining a three-dimensional surface geometric characteristic and / or texture characteristic of an object. A pattern is projected on a surface of said object. A basic 2D image of said object is acquired; a characteristic 2D image of said object is acquired; 2D surface points are extracted from said basic 2D image, from a reflection of said projected pattern on said object; a set of 3D surface points is calculated in a sensor coordinate system using said 2D surface points; and a set of 2D surface geometric / texture characteristics is extracted.

A system, apparatus and method for three-dimensional scanning and digitization of the surface geometry of objects are claimed. The system comprises a hand-held apparatus that is auto-referenced. The system is auto-referenced since it does not need any positioning device to provide the 6 degree of freedom transformations that are necessary to integrate 3D measurements in a global coordinate system while the apparatus is manipulated to scan the surface. The system continuously calculates its own position and orientation from the reflection of a projected laser pattern on an object's surface and 2D positioning features originating from the observation of target positioning features. Using the described system, it is possible to simultaneously build and match a 3D representation of the positioning features while accumulating the 3D surface points describing the surface geometry.

According to one aspect, a method of determining motion of at least one feature present in a plurality of images, the plurality of images captured by a single camera of a scene, each of the plurality of images resulting from light passing through an aperture positioned at a different location for each of the plurality of images is provided. The method comprises determining the motion, in integer pixel units using a first tracking algorithm, of the at least one feature between a first image of the plurality of images and a second image of the plurality of images to obtain an integer pixel measurement of the motion, offsetting the first image and the second image according to the integer pixel measurement, determining the motion, in sub-pixel units using a second tracking algorithm, between the at least one feature in the offset first image and the second image to obtain a sub-pixel measurement, and combining the integer pixel measurement and the sub-pixel measurement to form an estimate of the motion of the at least one feature.

A virtual environment server records and broadcasts a Uniform Resource Locator (URL), browser state information, and optionally clipping parameters, that are to be associated with a three dimensional (3D) surface in a virtual environment. When a user's Avatar encounters the 3D surface in the virtual environment, the client obtains the URL and browser state information, and obtains the web content using a standard web browser. The web content is stored into an off-screen buffer. The content from the off-screen buffer is then rendered locally as a texture map onto the 3D surface of the virtual environment. Whenever one of the users interacts with the web content, a new URL and new browser state information is used to obtain the updated web content in the same way. The new URL and new browser state information is also passed from the client to the server, so that the server may update the URL and new browser state information in each of the other clients associated with each of the other users.

Various embodiments of a system and methods for generating 3D surface patches from unconstrained 3D curves are described. The system may receive a set of unconstrained 3D wireframe curves that represent a 3D wireframe model. The 3D wireframe curves may be unorganized, may have inconsistent orientations, and may have an arbitrary number and type of curve intersections. The system may automatically generate the 3D surface patches, dependent on the 3D wireframe curves. The 3D surface patches may form a 3D surface that connects the 3D wireframe curves. The 3D surface patches may be generated from faces of the 3D wireframe model. The faces may be elementary cycles extracted from the 3D wireframe model. The system may receive user input which indicates changes to the 3D surface patches. A user may change, create, and / or delete 3D surface patches to achieve a desired 3D surface that represents the 3D wireframe model.

Unauthorized entry into controlled access areas using tailgating or reverse entry methods is detected using machine vision methods. Camera images of the controlled area are processed to identify and track objects in the controlled area. In a preferred embodiment, this processing includes 3D surface analysis to distinguish and classify objects in the field of view. Feature extraction, color analysis, and pattern recognition may also be used for identification and tracking of objects. Integration with security monitoring and control systems provides notification when a tailgating or reverse entry event has occurred. More reliable operation in practical circumstances is thus obtained, such as when multiple people are using an entrance or exit under variable light and shadow conditions. Electronic access control systems may further be combined with the machine vision methods of the invention to more effectively prevent tailgating or reverse entry.

The unique advantages of computer-controlled fabrication of a patient-specific orthotic device using an automated fabrication machine capable of following computer instructions to create 3D surface contours and new developments in non-invasive three-dimensional (3D) scanning have made it possible to acquire digital models of freeform surfaces such as the surface anatomy of the human body and to then fabricate such a patient-specific device with high precision. Such a patient-specific device brings significant improvement in patient-specific fit, comfort, and function of medical devices (and, in particular, to orthoses that require a close fit to the wearer's body to act effectively). The combination of these two technologies is ideally suited for the development of patient-specific orthotic devices.A patient specific ankle-foot orthotic device using this technology is disclosed. This exemplary device is used to help stabilize the ankle-foot region, for example, in patients with impaired gait.

A system and method for corrected imaging including an optical camera that captures at least one optical image of an area of interest, a depth sensor that captures at least one depth map of the area of interest, and circuitry that correlates depth information of the at least one depth map to the at least one optical image to generate a depth image, corrects the at least one optical image by applying a model to address alteration in the respective at least one optical image, the model using information from the depth image, and outputs the corrected at least one optical image for display in 2D and / or as a 3D surface.

Disclosed herein are portable handheld devices, systems, and methods for the evaluation of tissue pathology and the evaluation and / or monitoring of tissue regeneration. The handheld devices and systems perform laser speckle and hyperspectral imaging to assess tissue pathology and tissue regeneration. The device and system of the disclosure may also perform 3D surface reconstruction.

A dental CAD / CAM application generates a 3D model representing a patient's dental anatomy. This model may be a 3D surface. The surface may also be textured with either a monochrome or color image superimposed. The display routine that is used to display the 3D model is enhanced to adjust the contrast in the region of a displayed mouse pointer (or other input device) as a user explores the display image. When this feature is activated and the mouse pointer positioned, preferably the texturing on the 3D model is recomputed in that local area and redisplayed showing greater contrast and detail. Preferably, the contrast is increased from a center to an edge of the area of contrast. Having the texturing of the model being improved and highlighted around the margin is desirable, as it allows the user to see more easily where the margin is located.

A novel image-guided system for precise automatic targeting in minimally invasive keyhole neurosurgery. The system consists of a miniature robot fitted with a mechanical guide for needle, probe, or catheter insertion. Intraoperative, the robot is directly affixed to a head clamp or to the patient skull. It automatically positions itself with respect to predefined entry points and targets in a preoperative CT / MRI image following an anatomical registration with an intraoperative 3D surface scan of the patient facial features and a registration jig. The registration procedure is a novel three-way scheme, in which the intraoperative surface scan including the registration jig is matched to a model generated from the preoperative CT / MRI image, the robot position is known in relation to the registration jig, and the entry and target points are known from the preoperative CT / MRI image, such that the robot position can be related to the entry and target points.

Microseismic mapping using buried arrays with the integration of passive and active seismic surveys provides enhanced microseismic mapping results. The system is initially set up by recording seismic data with the buried array installation while shooting a significant portion of the 3D surface seismic survey. The 3D surface seismic survey provides the following data: shallow 3D VSP data from the buried arrays; P-wave and converted wave data for the area covered by the buried array that benefits from the planned data integration processing effort; and microseismic data and associated analysis.

An ultrasound transducer patch (100) comprises an array of ultrasound transducers (20) mounted to a flexi-PCB (10) containing multiple tracks (12). Each transducer (20), or a sub-group of the transducers is electrically connected to first and second of the multiple tracks. The flexi-PCB (10) is configured, such as by virtue of cut-out portions (114, 414) or by inherent elasticity, to be bendable a out non-parallel axes. The enables the patch (100) to readily conform to a complex 3D surface such as a portion of a patient's face to ensure efficient transmission of ultrasound energy to a desired area of treatment.

Method for interpolating aliased seismic data to generate shot records at regular shot points. The method involves sorting the data into common offsets to obtain the finer sampling in the common-offset domain, then using DMO to transform the data to zero offset to eliminate azimuth and offset variations, from which densely sampled shot records are reconstructed by an efficient Log-Stretch Inverse Shot Record DMO. The method has ready application to techniques that benefit from input data that are regularly and densely sampled, such as 3-D surface related multiple elimination and shot record wave equation migration.

The invention relates to a compressing three-dimension calculation ghost imaging system. The system comprises a light source, a spatial light modulator, at least four sets of convergence light receiving lenses, at least four sets of point detectors corresponding to the convergence light receiving lenses and an algorithm module. Light emitted by the light source is projected on the spatial light modulator, the spatial light modulator modulates the light randomly, the modulated light is projected on an object, the object reflects the light in different directions, and one set of convergence light receiving lens and point detector are arranged in each of at least four reflecting directions. Total light intensity in all the directions are compressed and sampled by the point detectors, a compressing and sampling result is input into the algorithm module, the processes of the compression and sampling of the total light intensity and the input of the result are repeated for many times, the spatial light modulator modulates different patterns every time, the algorithm module inverts a two-dimension image corresponding to the direction of each point detector by the application of the compressed sensing algorithm according to a measurement matrix and the measurement results obtained by the repeated compression and sampling, the information of shadow parts of the images is compared to construct a three-dimension surface gradient, and finally a three-dimension object shape is reconstructed.

A method and system for biometric identification utilizes structured light (e.g., fine grid) that is projected to the target objects (fingers and palm). The image with structured light on the object contours can give 3D information of the objects with resolution to satisfy NIST fingerprint standard. In embodiments, the structured light can be of different color, to reduce the burden of the software processing. To enhance the capture speed, a model with 2D image on “smooth” 3D surface can be used. In this “2.5-D” case, the finest feature of the structured light can be as big as millimeter size. Although grid-structured light can satisfy current requirement of fingerprint and palm print capture standards, in other embodiments, a customized structure based on the initial scan result can give optimal result on the 3D data. This may be useful when higher resolution is desired.

A single surface representation is created from a cloud of points. Each point in the cloud of points is assigned three-dimensional spatial coordinates. The cloud of points is stored in a memory of a computer. Machine-executable instructions are provided for the computer that operate on the cloud of points. The instructions construct an initial triangle from the cloud of points. The instructions construct a multitude of adjacent triangles forming a single continuous surface representing the object. The triangles comprise planar surfaces having three vertices. The vertices of the adjacent triangles comprise the three points forming the initial triangle and a multitude of other points. Except for the initial two points, the points forming the triangles are each computed as a weighted average of a set of nearby points in the cloud of points that satisfy selection criteria. The resulting vertex also has to satisfy one or more selection criteria. The final weighted average surface representation requires much less data to represent the object surface than the initial point cloud.

It uses a 3D model of reference human face (HF) to estimate the HF gesture parameters in the input stereo image (ISI) pair to generate the virtual image (VI) pair of reference HF (RHF) under the same gesture. Due to the corresponding between VIs is known, the corresponding is extended from VI to ISI via calculating the correspondence between the input HF and RHF under the same gesture. This greatly improves the matching effect of HF stereo image pair and ensures the HF point-cloud (PC) data more accurate obtained from calculating stereovision difference. This method converts 3D PD optimizing problem into a 1D curve optimizing one to greatly raise processing speed. It finally builds HF 3D surface from the optimized PC, then texture-mapping it to gain a HF 3D model (H3M) with a high true sense. This invention can meet various requirements against H3M under various practical application situations. It is practical, fast, accurate and has a extensive application foreground.

A navigational aide in the form of a physical model that may be integrated with conventional expedition equipment. The preferred embodiment comprises a hiking staff (5, 6) containing 2-D map data (3) and or 3-D topographical representations (1, 2) corresponding with specific geographic regions and or features. The 3-D surfaces may be sculpted about and along the model. Alternately, cross-sectional elevation profiles of routes may be presented in the form of a 3-D sculpted grooves or flutes along, about, and or around the shaft. A variety of configurations are presented for the purpose of maximizing the effective sculptable areas or edges, and to provide a shrouding effect for the protruding peaks that would otherwise be vulnerable to deformation and uncomfortable to grip. The 3-D elevations may be exaggerated to visually accentuate changes in elevation. Features such as trails may be represented as grooves to facilitate marking progress and position. 2-D cartographic data (7,8,9) may also be presented along with the 3-D data or alone as a mounted map. In an alternate embodiment, the invention comprises a toy for children, inspiring learning imagination and adventurous play. Several methods and materials for both computerized and conventional design and manufacturing are provided. The novel aspects of this invention may be incorporated in the original equipment manufacture, modification of existing equipment, and accessories for attachment to conventional equipment.

Method of determination of access areas from 3D patient images The invention relates to amethod for automatically determining at least one pre-operative portal for arthroscopy from acquired pre-operative medical images of a bone of a patient, the method comprising the following steps: i)constructing a 3Dsurface(S) of the bone from the 3D image of the bone; ii)determining anatomical landmarks of the bone from the 3D surface; iii)determining a bone reference coordinate system (Rbone); iv)selecting at least one predetermined portal in a database of positions of predetermined portals; v)determining a transform between the bone reference coordinate system (Rbone) and the model coordinate system (Ratlas) so that the bone of the patient and the bone of the reference person are matched in size, in position and / or shape; vi)inferring from the transform and the at least one predetermined portal the pre-operative portal.

In accordance with one aspect, the present invention provides a real-time 3D visualization system. The system includes means for conveying electromagnetic energy emanating from one or more 3D surfaces including a scene and means for sensing spatial phase characteristics of the electromagnetic energy as the configuration of the 3D surfaces relative to the system changes. The system includes means for creating a 3D scene model utilizing the spatial phase characteristics sensed in a plurality of configurations and means for displaying the 3D scene model in real-time. The means for displaying includes means for synthesizing depth cues.

A method and system for determining surface topology of a three-dimensional (3D) structure, based on a structured pattern that is projected onto the surface structure, and images of the pattern superposed on the structured surface are analysed to provide surface coordinates of the structure. The pattern comprises a plurality of unique color edges defined between pairs of differently-colored stripes, which substantially overcomes ambiguity problems. In one embodiment, a calibration method is provided enabling the surface coordinates to be obtained from a single image of the structure.

The present invention generally relates to the field of microwave antennas, and, more particularly, to a number of three-dimensional designs for the radiation element of an ultra-wideband monopole antenna with a symmetrical omni-directional radiation pattern operated in the frequency range between 3.1 GHz and 10.6 GHz. Said antenna is connected to the analog front-end circuitry of a wireless communication device used for transmitting and / or receiving microwave signals and meets the FCC requirements in terms of antenna gain, radiation pattern, polarization, frequency bandwidth, group delay, and size. It comprises a radiation element consisting of an air- and / or dielectric-filled cavity structure with a base plane and a radiator plane. A metallic ground plane having a relatively high surface impedance to electromagnetic waves within said frequency range, which is printed on a dielectric substrate, serves as a reflector. The monopole antenna further comprises an antenna feeding circuitry used for electronically steering the symmetrical omni-directional radiation pattern and a feeding line connecting the antenna feeding circuitry with the base plane of the radiation element. Thereby, parts of the analog front-end circuitry can optionally be placed within the air-filled part of the radiation element of the antenna. The proposed designs include a radiation element having the form of a truncated right circular cone, rotational-symmetric radiation elements with a convexly- or concavely-shaped 3D surface, respectively, a radiation element in the form of a truncated right regular pyramid with a square base plane, and radiation elements with a combined structure comprising a conical, pyramidal, convexly- or concavely-shaped first part and a closed cylindrical or cuboidal second part whose top plane is arranged on top of the congruent base plane of said first part. Further embodiments include radiation elements with the form of a radially notched cylinder or hemisphere as well as combined structures consisting of at least two convexly-shaped elements or two conical parts, respectively, stacked on top of each other.

A method for manufacturing a ring (i.e. class, championship, or affiliation) begins by receiving order data specifying a series of personalization elements, such as the addition of text and icon designs. A geometric model for each personalization item is constructed. To assemble text panels, the operating system provides font geometry for a desired TrueType font. Then a set of splines are created from the font geometry and are then tessellated to generate polyline sets of data, which are then spaced and mapped between two boundary curves. The personalization elements are then projected onto one of the model's 3D surfaces. A set of machining instructions for a milling machine is generated by obtaining a set of machining pattern strategies, generating a set of curves, projecting the toolpath onto the surface of the ring to calculate the 3D toolpath, and rotating it to a desired angle.