530 results about "Nuclear fusion" patented technology

A system and apparatus for a magnetized plasma nuclear fusion reactor, incorporating special design features which induce a plasma heat engine cycle in a rapidly rotating plasma. The heat engine operates either continuously or by oscillations. A continuous heat engine is formed in the open field outside a field reversed configuration. The oscillatory system operates in synchronism with cyclic acceleration, collision, and deceleration of plasma masses to produce nuclear fusion reactions at an economically useful rate with a relatively small driving power required. A special magnetic field design is combined with applied electrical voltages at the end of the field lines to produce required conditions. Design features allow recovery of large fraction of collision heat which would otherwise be dissipated as a parasitic loss.

A nuclear fusion reactor including a structure for placing at least a portion of a liquid into a tension state, the tension state being below a cavitation threshold of the liquid. The tension state imparts stored energy into the liquid portion. A cavitation initiation source provides energy to the liquid portion sufficient to nucleate at least one bubble having a bubble radius greater than a critical bubble radius of the liquid. A structure for imploding the bubbles produces imploded cavities. The temperature generated by the implosion process can be sufficient to induce a nuclear fusion reaction involving the liquid. A method of providing nuclear fusion tensions a liquid, cavitates the tensioned to form at least one bubble, then implodes the bubble, wherein a resulting temperature is generated that is sufficient to induce a nuclear fusion reaction involving the liquid.

A method for inducing nuclear fusion and a reactor for inducing nuclear fusion involve positioning a bubble containing fusionable nuclei at the center of a liquid filled spherical vessel and generating a spherically symmetric positive acoustic pulse in the liquid. The acoustic pulse surrounds and converges toward the center of the vessel to compress the bubble, thereby providing energy to and inducing nuclear fusion of the atomic nuclei.

A nuclear fusion power plant having a spherical blast-chamber filled with a liquid coolant that breeds tritium, absorbs neutrons, and functions as both an acoustical and laser medium. Fuel bubbles up through the sphere's base and is positioned using computer guided piezoelectric transducers that are located outside the blast-chamber. These generate phase-shifted standing-waves that tractor the bubble to the center. Once there, powerful acoustic compression waves are launched. Shortly before these reach the fuel, an intense burst of light is pumped into the sphere, making the liquid laser-active. When the shockwaves arrive, the fuel temperature skyrockets and it radiates brightly. This, photon-burst, seeds outgoing laser cascades that return, greatly amplified, from the sphere's polished innards. Trapped within a reflecting sphere, squeezed on all sides by high-density matter, the fuel cannot cool or disassemble before thorough combustion. The blast's kinetic energy is absorbed piezoelectrically.

The invention relates to a nano-femtosecond dual-laser composite machining system. The system comprises a femtosecond laser, a nanosecond laser, a synchronous control circuit, an illuminating light source, a semi-transparent semi-reflecting mirror, a first dichroscope, a second dichroscope, a focusing lens and a charge coupled device (CCD) image detector, wherein the synchronous control circuit controls laser pulse output of the femtosecond laser and the nanosecond laser, and accurately adjusts relative time of nanosecond pulse and femtosecond pulse in the aspect of time to synchronize leading edges of the two pulses; the illuminating light source is positioned on one side of the semi-transparent semi-reflecting mirror, and the second dichroscope, the first dichroscope and the focusing lens are coaxially arranged on the other side of the semi-transparent semi-reflecting mirror in turn and are positioned on a straight line together with the illuminating light source; and the CCD image detector is positioned at the tail end of a reflecting light path of the semi-transparent semi-reflecting mirror. Through the system, the advantages of high femtosecond laser machining accuracy and high nanosecond laser machining efficiency are simultaneously integrated, and high-accuracy and high-efficiency micro-nano machining is realized; and the system can be widely applied to the fields such as high-accuracy machining of aviation and aerospace key parts, microstructure machining of a laser fusion ignition target, microstructure machining of a microsensor and the like.

A device is provided that can capture and store electrically neutral excited species of antimatter or exotic matter (a mixture of antimatter and ordinary matter), in particular, excited positronium (Ps*). The antimatter trap comprises a three-dimensional or two-dimensional photonic bandgap (PBG) structure containing at least one cavity therein. The species are stored in the cavity or in an array of cavities. The PBG structure blocks premature annihilation of the excited species by preventing decays to the ground state and by blocking the pickoff process. A Bose-Einstein Condensate form of Ps* can be used to increase the storage density. The long lifetime and high storage density achievable in this device offer utility in several fields, including medicine, materials testing, rocket motors, high power/high energy density storage, gamma-ray lasers, and as an ignition device for initiating nuclear fusion reactions in power plant reactors or hybrid rocket propulsion systems.

A metal coating is formed on the inside face of a first thermostructural composite material part presenting indentations forming channels, and also on the inside face of a second thermostructural composite material part for being applied against the inside face of the first part, and the first and second parts are assembled together by bonding said inside faces together by hot compression, in particular by hot isostatic pressing, thereby obtaining a thermostructural composite material cooling panel having integrated fluid flow channels. The invention is applicable to making heat exchanger walls such as the walls of combustion chambers in aircraft engines, or the diverging portions of rocket engines, or plasma confinement chambers in nuclear fusion reactors.

The invention discloses a simultaneously framing and scanning ultra-high-speed photoelectricity shooting system. The system comprises a relaying imaging unit, an optical beam splitting system, a scanning imaging system, a framing imaging system, a precise delay and control system, a high-voltage power supply and pulse generating module and a control computer. An object to be measured is synchronously imaged to the scanning imaging system and the framing imaging system through the relay imaging unit and the optical beam splitting system, and synchronous imaging is controlled by the precise delay and control system and the high-voltage power supply and pulse generating module. The simultaneously framing and scanning high-speed photoelectricity shooting system is wide in application prospect in the field of ultra-high-speed process testing, can absolutely provide high-quality digital images for researches with ultra-fast processes of electromagnetic implosion plasma discharging, controlled nuclear fusion, interaction of lasers and substances, high-voltage spark discharging, material micro jet and interface instability within nanosecond-to-10<-8> second .

The active cooling panel comprises a first part and a second part of thermostructural composite material, each having an inside face and an opposite outside face, the parts being assembled together by bonding their inside faces together, and channels being formed by indentations formed in the inside face of at least one of the first and second parts. The panel further includes a sealing layer bonded to at least one of the first and second parts and situated at a distance from the assembled-together inside faces thereof. The invention is applicable to making heat exchanger walls such as the walls for the combustion chambers of aircraft engines, or the diverging portions of rocket engines, or plasma confinement chambers in nuclear fusion reactors.

The invention relates to austenitic stainless steel which is high in low temperature strength, low temperature toughness and low temperature non-magnetism as well as better in neutron irradiation resistance, can be used in a magnet support structure of a nuclear fusion reactor, and comprises the components by mass percent: 16.00-22.0% of Cr, 8.00-12.00% of Ni, 1.00-3.00% of Mo, 0.06-0.25% of N, 0.010-0.040% of C, 1.00-4.00% of Mn, less than or equal to 1.00% of Si, 0.01-0.10% of Nb, 0.01-0.10% of Ta, 0.030-0.10% of Co, less than or equal to 0.03% of P, less than or equal to 0.005% of S, 0.0005-0.0018% of B, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities; and furthermore, the value of Val (Cr-Ni) is less than 20.5, and Val (Cr-Ni)= 3* (Cr+Mo)+4.5*Si-2.8*Ni-1.4*Mn-84*(C+N).

A thermonuclear fusion system having a treatment chamber in which gas isotopes are fused to initiate a thermonuclear fusion reaction is disclosed. Specifically, the treatment chamber has an elongate housing through which liquid and gas isotopes flow longitudinally from an inlet port to an outlet port thereof. An elongate ultrasonic waveguide assembly extends within the housing and is operable at a predetermined ultrasonic frequency and a predetermined electrode potential to ultrasonically enhance the concentration of dissolved hydrogen gas isotopes within the housing or energize and electrolyze the liquid and gas isotopes within the housing. An elongate ultrasonic horn of the waveguide assembly is disposed at least in part intermediate the inlet and outlet ports, and has a plurality of discrete agitating members in contact with and extending transversely outward from the horn intermediate the inlet and outlet ports in longitudinally spaced relationship with each other. The horn and agitating members are constructed and arranged for dynamic motion of the agitating members relative to the horn at the predetermined frequency and to operate in an ultrasonic cavitation mode of the agitating members corresponding to the predetermined frequency and the liquid and gas isotopes being treated in the chamber.

A laser system utilizing a fluid as the excitatory medium for stimulated light emission, wherein the fluid is supplied from a sorbent-based fluid storage and dispensing system coupled in fluid-supplying relationship with the laser apparatus. The laser may be an excimer laser utilizing as the laser working fluid a rare gas halide compound such as fluorides and/or chlorides of krypton, xenon and argon, as well as fluorine and/or chlorine per se. The laser system may alternatively be a far infrared gas laser utilizing a gas such as CO2, N2O, CD3OD, CH3OD, CH3OH, CH3NH2, C2H2F2, HCOOH, CD3I, CH3F, and C13H3F. Laser systems of the present invention may be utilized in applications such as materials processing, measurement and inspection, reading, writing, and recording of information, holography, communications, displays, spectroscopy and analytical chemistry, remote sensing, surveying, marking, and alignment, surgical and medical applications, plasma diagnostics, laser weaponry, laser-induced nuclear fusion, isotope enrichment and atomic physics.

The present invention includes an apparatus and method for producing x-rays, and/or ion beams and for enabling the generation of fusion energy and the conversion of the energy into electrical energy including an anode and a cathode positioned coaxially and at least partially within a reaction chamber that imparts an angular momentum to a plasmoid. The angular momentum may be imparted through the cathode having a helical twist; a helical coil about the cathode or a combination thereof. The anode has an anode radius and the cathode has a cathode radius that imparts a high magnetic field. The reaction chamber contains a gas and an electronic discharge source in electrical communication with the anode and the cathode. As a result of an electronic discharge a dense, magnetically confined, plasmoid is created about the anode and emits of one or more particles.

The invention discloses a method for preparing fine-grained tungsten and molybdenum coatings by an atmospheric plasma spraying method. The fine-grained tungsten and molybdenum coatings are prepared by performing granulation treatment on ultrafine tungsten powder and molybdenum powder, arranging a protective gas curtain during a spraying process, and adopting atmospheric plasma spraying technology. The process comprises the following steps of: drying the tungsten powder and molybdenum powder with the grain size of 30nm to 30mu m or carbonyl tungsten powder with the average grain size of 15 to 30mu m for later use, wherein a spraying substrate adopts an oxygen-free copper, copper alloy or stainless steel plate; and performing spraying by using atmospheric plasma spraying equipment, wherein the equipment has a power of between 27kW and 40kW, and argon serves as primary spraying gas and hydrogen serves as secondary spraying gas. The method has the advantages that: the fine-grained tungsten and molybdenum coatings prepared by the method of the invention have lower porosity and better mechanical property and thermal-shock resistance, and are suitable for a wear-resistant surface protective layer of a mechanical component, a high-temperature resistant plasma scouring component, such as a first wall material in a nuclear fusion device and the like.

The invention discloses first wall part with thick wolfram coating or low-activation steel thermal deposition material and opposite manufacture method. Wherein, selecting base plate as low-activation martensitic/ferritic steel to clear with transferred arc; using 70% stainless steel powder and 30% wolfram powder as interlayer of 0.5mm; spraying plasma arc has center temperature as 15000K speed as 500m/s, average particle size of wolfram powder is 10~15 microns, the coating has thickness as 2mm, density as 78~88% of body material and oxygen content is 0.06~0.15%; during whole spraying process, using active water cooling to control base plate temperature under 500Deg. As low-activation steel both as structure support material and thermal deposition material, this invention solves large area linkage key-problem and can bear stably long-time action of 1MW/m2 thermal load given active cooling condition.

The invention belongs to numerical simulation of discharge of a Tokamak device in the field of magnetic confinement controlled nuclear fusion, and relates to a simulation method for controlling a newclassic tearing mode through resonance magnetic disturbance in Tokamak. According to the current data in the Tokamak upper coil assembly, the Biot-Savart law is used for solving an induced magnetic field; integrating is performed to obtain an expression of a polar magnetic flux corresponding to the induced magnetic field according to approximation of a large ring diameter ratio; a Fourier transform pseudo-spectrum method is utilized to transform magnetic flux into components of different moduli to obtain three-dimensional distribution of the components in a tokamak median form, the three-dimensional distribution is coupled into a magnetofluid equation, and the Crank-Nicosolson method is utilized to solve the evolution of the magnetic field with the resonance magnetic disturbance along with time, so that the influence of the magnetic field on the new classical tearing mode is studied. The method can simulate the physical processes of new classic mode locking, inhibition, field penetration and the like of the tearing mode, is high in calculation efficiency and relatively good in numerical stability, and is an efficient numerical method capable of accurately simulating an experiment.

The present invention relates to a resonant vacuum arc discharge apparatus for producing nuclear fusion. A resonant high-frequency high-voltage alternating current (AC) power supply is used to efficiently power a fusion tube normally containing deuterium, tritium and/or helium-3 vapor. Metals that can hold large amounts of hydrogen isotopes such as palladium and titanium can be used to increase the target density. The nuclear fusion device can be used for energy production, well logging, uranium mining, neutron activation analysis, isotope production or other applications that require a neutron source.

The invention discloses a method for connecting materials difficult to connect through ultrafast lasers. The method includes the following steps that firstly, a material A is ablated through ultrashort pulse lasers, removing is achieved through laser ablation, and a nano-micro-meter structure is obtained on the surface of the material A; secondly, impurities on the surface, with the nano-micro-meter structure, of the material A are removed through corrosive liquid; thirdly, in an inert gas or vacuum environment, a material B is deformed and flows to fill the nano-micro-meter structure of the material A, the material A and the material B are combined in a mechanical combination mode, and therefore the material A and the material B are connected, wherein the melting point and the hardness of the material A are higher than the melting point and the hardness of the material B. The method for connecting the materials difficult to connect through the ultrafast lasers is a new method which is flexible, high in efficiency and wide in application range and is used for improving the connecting strength of the materials, and the application of the method includes but is not limited to the development of a nuclear fusion reactor oriented to plasma materials, electric contact materials, heat sink materials, electronic packaging and advanced composite materials.

A compact nuclear fusion reactor for use as a neutron source is described. The reactor comprises a toroidal plasma chamber (34) and a plasma confinement system (31) arranged to generate a magnetic field for confining a plasma in the plasma chamber (34). The plasma confinement system (31) is configured so that a major radius of the confined plasma is 0.75 m or less. The reactor is configure to operate with a plasma current of 2 MA or less. The magnetic field includes a toroidal component of 5 T or less. Despite these low values, the reactor can generate a neutron output of 1 MW or more.