The application discloses an austenitic structure steel and a preparation process thereof, and belongs to the technical field of
metal materials. The Nb and N element content in the austenitic steel should satisfy: Lg([N][Nb])<-1.5 and -1.5 The precipitate in the austenitic structure steel is mainly
nitride, the size of the
nitride is smaller than 200 nm, and there is no large-size primary MX phase precipitate. Through the steel composition and
process control, the austenitic structure steel is more reasonable in the
solid solution stage dispersion
nitride precipitate size and distribution, the
precipitation strengthening effect is improved, and the low-temperature strength of the austenitic structure steel is improved, meanwhile, the generation of the primary MX phase in the solidification stage is reduced, and the
toughness and
plasticity of the austenitic structure steel in the super-low temperature environment are ensured.