275 results about "Soil porosity" patented technology

The invention relates to a biochar soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof. The soil conditioner is prepared from, by weight, 2-10 parts of biochar, 1-5 parts of pyroligneous liquor, 5-10 parts of composite microorganisms, 3-5 parts of binder and 4-10 parts of organic matter. The soil conditioner can maintain soil fertility by means of the adsorption effect of biochar, adsorb nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil, promote the activity of microorganisms in the soil and microorganism decomposition, improve the soil porosity, reduce the soil bulk density, increase the soil permeability, solve such problems as soil fertility loss and poor physical and chemical properties, effectively solve such a phenomenon as soil acidification, improve the quality of agricultural products, promote early ripening of crops, and increase the yield of the crops.

The invention relates to a soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof. The soil conditioner is prepared from raw materials in parts by weight as follows: 2-10 parts of biochar, 1-5 parts of wood vinegar, 5-10 parts of compound microorganism bacteria and 3-5 parts of an adhesive. The soil conditioner can keep the soil fertility under the adsorption function of the biochar, adsorb nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil, promote activity of microorganisms in the soil to promote decomposition of the soil, increase the porosity of the soil, reduce the soil bulk density, increase the gas permeability of the soil, eliminate the conditions of fertility declination and poor physical and chemical properties of soil and the like, effectively eliminates the phenomena of soil hardening, acidification and the like, improves the quality of agricultural products, promotes early maturing of crops and increases the crop yield.

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers and relates to a soil improvement agent and a preparation method thereof. The soil improvement agent comprises the following raw materials in part by weight: 1-10 parts of fish aquatic products processing waste powder, 10-20 parts of shell powder, 1-10 parts of straw powder, 1-10 parts of diatomite, 0.1-2 parts of high-activity biological agent, 2-5 parts of acid and 1-10 parts of medical stone powder. The preparation method comprises the steps as follows: adding the raw materials into a mixer and mixing fully and uniformly to obtain the soil improvement agent. The soil improvement agent is used for improving saline alkali soil, so that the soil salinity can be reduced, the volume weight of soil can be reduced, the soil porosity can be enhanced, the soil permeability can be enhanced, the soil pH value can be reduced, the soil organic matter can be increased, and the soil fertility can be enhanced.

The invention provides a slow-release fertilizer special for saline alkali soil improvement, and the fertilizer comprises the following components by weight: 18%-20% of large granular urea, 35%-40% of slow-release coated urea, 12%-15% of an organic granulated fertilizer, 15%-18% of monoammonium phosphate and 12%-15% of potassium sulfate. The low-release fertilizer special for saline alkali soil improvement combines nutrient slow release and salt and alkali resistance, effectively reduces alkalescence of soil, effectively increases the aggregate structure of the soil, increases fertilizer retention properties of the soil, increases soil porosity, reduces soil bulk density, changes the saline alkali soil compaction structure, creates the good soil environment for crops, is comprehensive in nutrient and lasting in fertilizer efficiency, and reduces environmental pollution caused by fertilization, the nitrogen utilization rate can reach more than 45%, the input total amount of the fertilizer can be reduced, low carbon production can be maintained, and the slow-release fertilizer is conducive to the improvement of the worsening ecological environment. The slow-release fertilizer has the advantages of simple preparation method, is suitable for industrial production, and has great application value.

The invention discloses a heavy metal passivator for reducing the bio-availability of cadmium in soil. The heavy metal passivator is prepared by mixing the following components in percentage by weight: 70 to 90 percent of biochar and 10 to 30 percent of modified sodium alginate. The heavy metal passivator disclosed by the invention not only has a function of passivating the heavy metal in the soil in situ, but also is capable of improving the soil structure and increasing the soil porosity, the pH (Potential of Hydrogen) of the soil is increased to a larger extent, and the function of repairing acidified soil is also obtained.

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and particularly relates to a tobacco field soil improvement method. The tobacco field soil improvement method is suitable for flue-cured tobacco planting regions in Chongqing, Henan, Shaanxi, Yunan, Guizhou and the like. The tobacco field soil improvement method includes the steps of sowing of ryegrass, turning and pressing of the ryegrass, application of a tobacco field conditioner, deduction of the tobacco fertilizing amount and the like. The proper green manure variety, the proper turning and pressing amount, the proper turning and pressing period and the proper turning and pressing mode which are needed when green manure is used for improving a tobacco field, the proper fertilizing amount after the green manure is turned and pressed and the like are utilized, the soil bulk density can be reduced, the soil porosity is increased, the soil organic matter content and the microbial population diversity are increased, water and soil loss of the tobacco field can be reduced, the effectiveness of soil nutrients is improved, the fertilizer utilization rate is increased, the appearance quality of tobacco is improved, the first-class tobacco proportion is increased, the interior quality is improved, sustainable development of tobacco production is facilitated, and remarkable social benefits and economic benefits are generated.

The invention discloses a special organic fertilizer for lilies and a preparation method thereof. The special organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of bean cake, 20-30 parts of plant ash, 40-50 parts of mineral substances, 10-20 parts of humic acid, 1-10 parts of compound strains and 2-5 parts of minor elements. The special organic fertilizer can improve the water retaining capacity of soil, prolong the watering period and control the loss of water and usable nutrients, completely conforms to agricultural standards, is safe, environment-friendly, nontoxic, harmless and free from pollution, improves the product quality, increases the yield of high-quality products, can loosen surrounding compact soil and increase soil porosity, is very beneficial to forming of a granular soil structure, and thus improves the permeability of the soil to a certain extent to facilitate the growth of lilies.

The invention provides a culture medium. The culture medium is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 to 50 parts of rural soil, 20 to 40 parts of garden wastes, 10 to 25 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues and 1 to 5 parts of mixed flora. The culture medium belongs to the technical field of artificial cultivation of plants. The culture medium provided by the invention can be used for improving the porosity and permeability of the soil and has good ventilation and water drainage performances; the volume weight of the soil is reduced and the content of organic matters in the soil is increased, so that the soil keeps continuous fertility and the disease resisting performance of the afforestation plants can also be enhanced.

The invention relates to an environment-friendly passivator for heavy metals in farmland soil. The passivator comprises clay mineral materials, organic materials, a precipitating agent and fertilizer, wherein the clay mineral materials are composed of, by weight, 25 to 30 parts of modified meerschaum, 5 to 8 parts of modified attapulgite and 0.7 to 1.0 part of modified bentonite; the organic materials are composed of, by weight, 20 to 25 parts of fermented organic waste, 8 to 12 parts of a biochar mixed material and 10 to 15 parts of tea stems; the precipitating agent is composed of, by weight, 0.8 to 1. 0 part of a heavy metal precipitating agent; and the fertilizer is composed of, by weight, 15 to 20 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer. The invention also discloses a preparation method and application method for the environment-friendly farmland soil heavy metal passivator. The main components of the passivator are natural materials, so the passivator does not produce secondary pollution; and the passivator has good passivation effect on heavy metals in farmland soil and can increases both the organic matter content and cation exchange quantity of the soil, prevent and treat soil hardening, effectively improve soil texture, adjust soil porosity, provide necessary nutrients for the survival of microorganisms, improve the physical and chemical properties and microflora of soil, and enhance soil productivity.

The invention discloses a method for measuring porosity of soil, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting different sampling points on a soil surface; (2) building a model of soil porosity and electrical resistivity; (3) measuring different saturability and porosity of current soil for carrying out electrical resistivity tests, and calibrating parameters of the model of soil porosity andelectrical resistivity; (4) measuring the soil electrical resistivity, and obtaining the porosity of current soil through the model of soil porosity and electrical resistivity. Compared with samplingtesting, the method ensures that soil is not destroyed to the utmost extent, and ensures the accuracy of porosity measurement. The method can avoid destroying the soil original structure in a sampling measuring process, thereby retaining the original density, the water content and other elements of soil to the utmost extent, and fundamentally reducing measurement errors; moreover, the method is simple to operate and short in measurement period, thereby meeting detection requirements on changed soil porosity in engineering.

The invention discloses a biological fertilizer with camellia oleifera shells as raw materials and a preparation method of the biological fertilizer. The biological fertilizer comprises 60-70% of thecamellia oleifera shells, 15-25% of filter mud of a sugar refinery, 5-10% of tea seed cakes and 3-5% of peanut residues. The raw materials are evenly mixed, then fermentation microfloras are added forfermentation, then the mixture is subjected secondary fermentation by using acid producing floras and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and the biological fertilizer can be obtained. According to the biological fertilizer, the camellia oleifera shells serve as the raw materials, the characteristics that the camellia oleifera shells are high in lignin content and high in hardness are utilized, the soil porosity is increased, soil is loosened, and soil hardening is effectively avoided; different strains are added and subjected to secondary fermentation to obtain the biological fertilizer. The biological fertilizer is rich in nutrient and good in fertilizer efficiency, and has certain disease resistance and anti-stress capability; the PH value is reduced, and the biological fertilizer is suitable for geographical conditions of plantation of camellia oleifera in the mountain area in Guangxi; cyclic utilization of resources is realized by recovering the camellia oleifera shells, application of compound fertilizers is reduced, the planting cost is reduced, and the industrial chain of camellia oleifera is expanded.

The invention discloses a soil detection device with a stratified sampling mechanism, and relates to the technical field of soil detection devices. The problem of the application range of the whole device is solved. The device specifically comprises a sampling column, a mounting plate is arranged on the outer wall of the top of the sampling column, a threaded rod is fixed to the outer wall of thetop of the mounting plate through a bearing, the outer wall of the top of the threaded rod is sleeved with a rotating ring, and the outer wall of the bottom end of the threaded rod is connected with four worms distributed at equal intervals through connecting rings; a rotary sampling mechanism is fixed to the outer wall of the back face, close to one side of each worm, of the sampling column through a rotating shaft, one side of each rotary sampling mechanism is meshed with the corresponding worm, four sampling holes are formed in the outer wall of the side, close to the corresponding rotary sampling mechanism, of the sampling column, and a guide rod is arranged on the outer wall of the bottom end of one worm; a guide cone is arranged on the outer wall of the bottom end of the guide rod. According to the invention, not only is the stratified sampling amount of soil improved, but also the soil can be sampled and collected under the condition of lower soil porosity.

The invention relates to an afforestation and soil preparation method for water conservation forest in north China, the method comprising following steps: (1) preliminary investigation of a selected water conservation forest area in north China; (2) forest land clearance in the water conservation forest area; (3) in the water conservation forest area, soil preparation with narrow horizontal strips and fish-scale pits along the contour line in an alternate form. According to the afforestation and soil preparation method, by performing investigation on the selection indexes of forest areas and performing soil preparation with narrow horizontal strips and fish-scale pits along the contour line in an alternate form, the soil porosity and infiltration capacity are increased so that soil and water conservation is achieved. The method can be applied under all kinds of terrain conditions. The method has following beneficial effects: small ground-breaking surface and small investment. By use of the method and in the long run, the differences in soil water distribution can be changed; the mechanism of selection through competition between individual vegetation can be promoted; stability and long effectiveness can be maintained; water and soil conservation and water purification can be achieved.

The invention discloses a method for quickly improving the soil aggregate content through biomass ash. A vegetable field with the slope smaller than 10 degrees is selected, and organic fertilizer is applied 800 kg/mu before crop sowing to serve as base fertilizer; the biomass ash is evenly applied 1200 kg/mu two days later, and then soil is ploughed with the ploughing depth of 20 cm; it is guaranteed that the soil moisture content is not smaller than 45% seven or more days, and then crops can be planted. In the method, engineering development on land is not needed; the method is easy to implement, operation is easy, raw materials are easy to get, cost is low, and the aggregate amount can be improved within a short period of time which is mainly embodied in the aspects of improving the water-stable aggregate amount, soil porosity and soil water retention capacity. By quickly improving the soil aggregate content through the biomass ash, ecological and economical benefits can be achieved.

The invention discloses a good quality and high yield normalized cultivation technique for Bo-Chrysanthemum. The good quality and high yield normalized cultivation technique for the Bo-Chrysanthemum includes steps of land selection and preparation, seedling breeding, timely transplantation, field management, harvest and the like. According to the cultivation technique, a self-made soak solution is used for soaking seeds, sterilization and bacteriostatic functions can be effectively achieved, a good environment can be provided for rapid growth of seedlings, the survival rate of the seedlings is increased, and the environmental protection can be achieved without pollution. Soil conditioners are applied during soil preparation and fertilization, the soil aggregate structure can be remarkably improved, the soil porosity is increased, the soil bulk density is reduced, the water infiltration rate is increased, the saturated hydraulic conductivity is improved, water can be stored, evaporation is reduced, meanwhile, the sustained-release sterilization effect on soil can be achieved, growth and reproduction of harmful microorganisms such as soil nematodes can be inhibited, and occurrence of soil source plant diseases and insect pests is reduced. By means of the good quality and high yield normalized cultivation technique for the Bo-Chrysanthemum, geo-authentic crude drugs such as the Bo-Chrysanthemum can reach the level of good qualities, the yield is increased by above 30%, economic benefits can be improved by over 50%, an important technical support can be provided for good quality and high yield normalization and industrialization of the Bo-Chrysanthemum, and the cultivation technique is worth massively popularizing and wide in application prospect.

The invention discloses a passivator for treatment of heavy metal pollution of soil. The passivator comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 to 20 parts of dewatered sludge, 10 to 15parts of lime, 15 to 20 parts of clay minerals, 10 to 15 parts of rot straw slag and 30 to 40 parts of modified biochar. The passivator for treatment of heavy metal pollution of soil prepared in the invention is applicable to soil remediation at heavy metal polluted sites. The main components of the passivator are all natural materials; no secondary pollution is generated; the passivator has a good passivating effect on heavy metals in farmland soil, can increase the organic matter content and the cation exchange capacity of the soil, prevent and treat soil hardening, effectively improve soiltexture, adjust soil porosity, provide necessary nutrient substances for microbial survival, improve the physical and chemical properties and microbial flora of the soil and enhance the production potential of the soil.

The invention discloses a grafting method of blueberries. The method comprises the steps of selecting scions, selecting grafting time, selecting stocks, conducting treatment on the scions before grafting, conducting specific steps of grafting and conducing treatment after scion buds are survived. A scion grafting and side grafting method is adopted, highbush blueberries serve as the scions, rabbiteye blueberries serve as the stocks, the adaptability of grafted blueberries to the soil conditions is improved, the requirements of the grafted blueberries for soil porosity are lowered, the growth vigor of the grafted blueberries is promoted, the cold resistance and the disease resistance are strengthened, the blueberries can be planted in a large scale in different soil conditions conveniently, the blueberry fruit is large in size, the seeds are small, the color is kept light blue of the highbush blueberries, and the mouthfeel is good. Due to the fact that thick and strong scions and stocks are selected, the chlorophyll content of mature leaves of the grafted blueberries and the yield of bearing branches grafted through a single blueberry are significantly improved, and output benefit of the grafted blueberries is obviously greater than that of non-grafted plants.

The invention belongs to intensive agricultural production techniques and discloses an aspergillus niger NJDL-12 bacterial strain and application thereof to improvement of coastal saline-alkali soil. The bacterial strain NJDL-12 obtained by separation belongs to aspergillus niger and is preserved in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center on October 26, 2015, and a preservation number of the strain is CGMCC NO.11544. The aspergillus niger NJDL-12 is capable of secreting a large quantity of oxalic acid which is combined with Ca<2+> in the saline-alkali soil to form calcium oxalate, so that Ca<2+> in the soil can be consolidated to reduce soil salinity, soil aggregate structure can be improved, and soil porosity is improved. After a biological organic fertilizer prepared from the strain NJDL-12 is applied to soil, soil pH and salinity are declined, and soil aggregate structure improvement, saline-alkali soil improvement, crop growth promotion and remarkable application effects are realized.

The invention relates to a method for constructing a soil ploughing layer of a south-Xinjiang oasis drop-irrigation continuous-cropping middle-low-yield cotton field. The method includes the steps that before sowing in the cotton field, straw of last crops is smashed and returned to the field; farmyard manure and chemical fertilizer are applied; deep ploughing, cotton field flattening and super-deep scarification are conducted; irrigation is conducted before sowing; sowing is conducted; furrows are dug in the cotton field, and anti-salt plants are planted; a windbreak tree belt is built on the periphery of the cotton field; a water-irrigation and drainage trench system is built; field management is conducted. After the method is adopted, the surveying result shows that the soil water content in the seedling stage is increased by 0.5%, rapidly-available potassium of the ploughing layer is increased by 35.2%, the temperature of soil 5 cm lower than films is increased by 0.6 DEG C, the thickness of the ploughing layer in the seedling period is increased by 7.1 cm, the salt content of soil is reduced by 2.1 g/kg, the soil porosity is increased by 8.5%, the soil penetration resistance (PSI) is reduced by 130, the soil bulk density is reduced by 0.11 g/cm<3>, the pH value of soil is reduced by 0.4, the residual film content of soil of the ploughing layer is reduced by 11.3 kg per mu, premature senescence of the cotton field is avoided, the yield of seed cotton is increased by 57.5 kg per mu, and therefore the method has the soil-improving and yield-increasing effects and can meet production requirements.

The invention discloses a nutrition additive for improving soil physical and chemical properties during a seedling stage, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 19-21 days of medical stone, 17-19 parts of dried cow dung, 1-3 parts of methionine, 10-14 parts of nitrate of potash, 24-26 parts of water hyacinth powder, 22-24 parts of Chinese medicine residue, 4-5 parts of sodium borate, 12-16 parts of stale tea, 36-40 parts of volcanic, 21-25 parts of threonine mother liquor, 60-65 parts of waste crop straw, 6-7 parts of compound fungal hyphae and proper mount of water. Extracellular glycoprotein generated by macro fungi used in the nutrition additive under culturing of fermented products such as the cow dung and Chinese medicine residue and the fermented residue act together, so formation of a soil granular structure is promoted, stability of culturing soil during seedling stage is improved, soil porosity is increased by matching with mineral materials such as the medical stone, good soil texture and ventilation are ensured, and erosion to the soil by win and rain is resisted, and growth environment of crop during the seedling stage is stabilized.

The invention discloses a method for preparing organic fertilizer from cow dung and sheep manure. According to the method, the cow dung and the sheep manure are taken as main raw materials and added with other auxiliaries for preparation of the organic fertilizer with a fermentation technology. The organic fertilizer prepared with the method has low cost and is simple and convenient to apply, the sheep manure and the cow dung can be composted effectively, nutrient conversion and germ egg killing effects are obvious, the utilization rate of the sheep manure and the cow dung is increased, and a fermentation product has no toxic effect on crops; besides, leguminous crops and waste vegetable leaves are reasonably used, the soil porosity can be improved effectively and the physical and chemical properties of soil can be improved after the fertilizer is applied. With application of the organic fertilizer, the effects of moisture and fertility preservation and high fertilizer supply capacity can be realized, the applying quantity of the fertilizer can be regulated according to different soil and weather conditions, and the organic fertilizer is widely applied to cultivation, seedling culture and the like of various crops.