Cultivation method for improving waterlogging resistance of sugarcane

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering and crop cultivation, and discloses a cultivation method for improving waterlogging resistance of sugarcane, comprising the following steps: S1, acquiring field data through three-dimensional terrain scanning and soil parameter analysis, and dividing into a high-risk area, a medium-risk area and a low-risk area; s2, a ventilation column device is arranged in the high-risk area, and the gas injection rate is dynamically distributed according to the area risk level; s3, porous material filling and mechanical soil loosening are carried out; s4, constructing an optimization model, and dynamically adjusting the ventilation rate and the drainage rate; s5, according to the output result of the optimization model, ventilation and drainage equipment in different areas are dynamically regulated and controlled; s6, evaluating the porosity and the water content of the soil again after waterlogging is finished, and performing soil covering and supplementary ventilation on the damaged area. Through combination of soil pore optimization and dynamic control, the air permeability and drainage capacity of soil are improved, and the root zone environment is more suitable for waterlogging stress.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical fields of agricultural engineering and crop cultivation, and specifically to a cultivation method for improving the waterlogging resistance of sugarcane. Background Art

[0002] Sugarcane is a crop with high water demand, but its roots have relatively high requirements for the oxygen content in the soil. Existing technologies show that the optimal soil oxygen content for sugarcane growth is 8% to 12%. However, when there is excessive rainfall or irrigation, the oxygen in the soil will be quickly discharged, resulting in root hypoxia.

[0003] In the main sugarcane producing areas (such as tropical and subtropical regions), the monsoon climate leads to concentrated heavy rainfall. Existing drainage technologies mainly rely on fixed ditch drainage systems, which have a slow drainage speed and are prone to failure when the rainfall suddenly increases. Research shows that when the rainfall reaches more than 50 mm / day, waterlogging often occurs in low-lying areas, and the water infiltration is slow, which directly affects the soil air permeability and root zone oxygen supply.

[0004] Existing technologies mainly rely on methods such as fixed ditch drainage or single ventilation devices to alleviate the impact of waterlogging, but these measures lack the ability of dynamic regulation and cannot adapt to the complex changes in the field environment. Especially in low-lying areas, the accumulated water is difficult to drain in time, and the root zone oxygen supply is insufficient, further exacerbating the occurrence of secondary diseases such as root rot.

[0005] In addition, the existing soil optimization means mostly target the plough layer, ignoring the repair of the pore structure in the deep soil. The lack of dynamic monitoring and real-time feedback regulation technologies also makes the waterlogging management lag behind, and it is difficult to take effective measures in time. In the later stage of waterlogging, due to the lack of a systematic recovery plan, the reconstruction of the soil structure and the recovery efficiency of the oxygen concentration are relatively low, resulting in a significant decline in the yield and quality of sugarcane plants. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Aiming at the deficiencies of the existing technologies, the present invention provides a cultivation method for improving the waterlogging resistance of sugarcane, which solves the problems of root zone hypoxia, soil structure degradation and poor drainage caused by waterlogging in the existing sugarcane planting technologies.

[0007] To achieve the above purposes, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: A cultivation method for improving the waterlogging resistance of sugarcane, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1. Through three-dimensional terrain scanning and soil parameter analysis, obtain data on the field terrain distribution, soil porosity, saturation and oxygen concentration, and divide the high-risk area, medium-risk area and low-risk area;

[0009] S2. Install ventilation column devices in the high-risk area and dynamically allocate the gas injection rate according to the regional risk level;

[0010] S3. Fill with porous materials and mechanically loosen the soil;

[0011] S4. Monitor the soil oxygen concentration, humidity, and pore strain data through sensors, construct an optimization model, and dynamically adjust the ventilation rate and drainage rate;

[0012] S5. Dynamically regulate the ventilation and drainage equipment in different regions according to the output results of the optimization model, so that the root zone oxygen concentration is maintained above the minimum aerobic concentration, and the soil porosity is maintained within the target range;

[0013] S6. Re-evaluate the soil porosity and water content after the waterlogging disaster, and conduct soil covering and supplementary ventilation for the damaged areas.

[0014] Preferably, in the S2 step, the layout of the ventilation device includes arranging a distributed ventilation network in high-risk areas, and adjusting the gas injection rate to 1.5 to 2.0 cubic meters per hour through a pressure control device.

[0015] Preferably, in the S3 step, the soil pore optimization includes filling porous silicon-based granular materials with a porosity of 35% to 45% in high-risk areas.

[0016] Preferably, in the S4 step, the deployed sensors are used to collect soil oxygen concentration, humidity, and pore strain data, and dynamically adjust the soil oxygen diffusion coefficient in combination with the oxygen diffusion model, and the oxygen diffusion model dynamically updates the diffusion rate according to the soil porosity and water saturation.

[0017] Preferably, the optimization model constructed in the S4 step maximizes the soil oxygen transfer flux and maintains the root zone oxygen concentration not lower than the minimum aerobic concentration of 0.02 kg per cubic meter, while dynamically adjusting the gas injection rate and drainage rate.

[0018] Preferably, in the S5 step, through optimizing the calculation of the objective function, the gas injection rate is maintained at 0.1 to 2.0 cubic meters per hour, the drainage rate is maintained at 1 to 3 centimeters per hour, and the soil porosity is maintained between 35% and 45%.

[0019] Preferably, in the S5 step, the gas injection rates in different regions are allocated according to the following ranges:

[0020] High-risk area: The gas injection rate is 1.5 to 2.0 cubic meters per hour;

[0021] Medium-risk area: The gas injection rate is 0.5 to 1.0 cubic meters per hour;

[0022] Low-risk area: The gas injection rate is 0.1 to 0.5 cubic meters per hour.

[0023] A cultivation system for improving the waterlogging resistance of sugarcane, comprising:

[0024] A field data collection module for collecting soil topography, porosity, saturation, oxygen concentration, and humidity parameters;

[0025] An aeration device module, including aeration columns, a pressure control device, and a distributed aeration network;

[0026] A soil pore optimization module, including a mechanical soil loosening device and porous granular materials;

[0027] A real-time monitoring module, including an oxygen concentration sensor, a humidity sensor, and a pore strain sensor;

[0028] A dynamic optimization module that dynamically regulates the aeration rate, drainage rate, and soil loosening frequency by running soil oxygen diffusion, water flow, and pore deformation models through a calculation unit.

[0029] Preferably, the aeration columns of the aeration device module are vertically arranged, with their bottoms extending 40 to 50 centimeters deep into the root zone soil and their upper parts connected to the atmosphere. The pressure control device dynamically adjusts the gas injection volume according to the optimization results to maintain a stable oxygen concentration gradient.

[0030] Preferably, the dynamic optimization module constructs a partial differential equation system through real-time feedback data and dynamically adjusts the operating parameters of the aeration device and the soil loosening device in combination with numerical solution methods, so that the oxygen concentration and porosity of the root zone soil meet the target conditions required for plant growth.

[0031] The present invention provides a cultivation method for improving the waterlogging resistance of sugarcane. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0032] 1. By combining soil pore optimization and dynamic control, the present invention improves the aeration and drainage capabilities of the soil, making the root zone environment more adaptable to waterlogging stress. Compared with the traditional single mechanical soil loosening method, the present invention can real-time monitor and dynamically adjust the soil porosity, solving the problems of limited aeration effect and rigid operation in traditional technologies.

[0033] 2. The present invention adopts a dynamic gas injection technical solution based on regional optimization. Through the combination of a distributed aeration network and real-time monitoring, precise regulation of the oxygen concentration in different risk areas is achieved. Compared with the existing mode that only relies on a fixed gas injection volume, the problem of insufficient oxygen in high-risk areas is significantly solved, and resource waste in low-risk areas is also avoided.

[0034] 3. The present invention utilizes real-time monitoring and optimization model technologies to link the laws of soil oxygen diffusion and water flow with control strategies, ensuring the stability of the root zone environment. Compared with the existing technical solutions that rely on static management, the present invention solves the problem of uncontrollable environmental changes under waterlogging conditions and improves the adaptability of the technical solution at the same time.

[0035] 4. The present invention combines the post-waterlogging recovery and long-term optimization models, and can still quickly repair the soil structure and optimize the subsequent management strategies after the disaster. Traditional post-waterlogging treatment technologies often only focus on the drainage effect. The present invention not only solves the problem of the long post-waterlogging soil recovery period, but also provides a more scientific prediction basis for the cultivation management in the next stage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the method steps of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0037] Next, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0038] Please refer to the attached Figure 1 , an embodiment of the present invention provides a cultivation method for improving the waterlogging resistance of sugarcane, including the following steps:

[0039] S1. Through three-dimensional terrain scanning and soil parameter analysis, obtain the data of the field terrain distribution, soil porosity, saturation and oxygen concentration, and divide the high-risk area, medium-risk area and low-risk area;

[0040] Specifically, first, when implementing the cultivation method of the present invention, the accurate collection of field data is the basis of the entire technical process. To ensure that the subsequent steps of ventilation device layout, soil porosity optimization and dynamic regulation have a scientific basis, it is necessary to systematically analyze the terrain and soil parameters of the sugarcane field.

[0041] In this embodiment, first, a three-dimensional terrain scan of the sugarcane field is performed to clarify the distribution of highlands, lowlands and flatlands in the field. The terrain scan can be operated using a lidar device carried by a drone. Generally, the scan resolution is selected to be 0.1 meter to 0.5 meter to ensure the accuracy of the terrain data. The results of the terrain scan are directly used for subsequent regional risk division.

[0042] In a possible implementation manner, in order to evaluate the physical properties of the soil, the porosity, saturation and initial oxygen concentration of the field soil are collected. The determination of porosity can be completed by the mercury intrusion method or the gas displacement method, and the determination of saturation is carried out using a TDR (time domain reflectometry) soil sensor. In addition, to ensure the spatial coverage of the data, soil sampling points are arranged at intervals of 5 meters to 10 meters in the field, and these data can reflect the microenvironment characteristics of the field soil.

[0043] Specifically, the measurement of soil oxygen concentration is based on multi-point gas diffusion sensors, which can monitor the oxygen distribution at different depths of the soil in real time. As an option, oxygen sensors can be installed in the root zone (depth of 20 cm to 50 cm) to measure the average value and gradient change of the oxygen concentration in the root zone.

[0044] In one embodiment, this step also analyzes the water distribution in the field in combination with meteorological data. For example, by inputting data on rainfall, evaporation, and soil drainage capacity into a hydrological simulation model, the ponding distribution in the field can be obtained. The hydrological simulation is calculated using the following formula:

[0045]

[0046] Where: θ(t): soil water content, unit is m 3 / m 3 ; θ 0 : initial water content; P(t): rainfall, unit is mm; E(t): evaporation, unit is mm; q(t): drainage, unit is mm; φ: soil porosity (dimensionless).

[0047] In some embodiments, to improve the data collection efficiency, drones and ground sampling equipment can be combined to work together. The drone is responsible for terrain scanning, and the ground equipment is responsible for measuring soil parameters. This collaborative working method can complete the data collection of large areas of fields in a short time.

[0048] Specifically, in high-risk areas, the sampling density is increased to more accurately grasp the soil characteristics of these areas. The sampling data is also directly input into the subsequent optimization model for predicting oxygen diffusion and water flow behavior.

[0049] S2. Install ventilation column devices in high-risk areas and dynamically allocate gas injection rates according to the regional risk levels;

[0050] Specifically, after completing the field data collection and risk area division in step S1, the core objective of step S2 is to reasonably install ventilation devices according to the regional risk levels to ensure that the oxygen supply in the root zone soil meets the actual needs of different regions. This step realizes precise management by designing ventilation column devices and distributed ventilation networks and dynamically adjusting the gas injection rate in combination with real-time monitoring data. Different from traditional single ventilation methods, the present invention gives priority to installation in high-risk areas, focuses on zoning optimization, and ensures the efficient use of resources.

[0051] Generally, in this step, the design of the ventilation columns needs to consider factors such as soil depth, gas diffusion law, and regional requirements. In some embodiments, by adjusting the depth and injection rate of the ventilation columns, the oxygen concentration distribution in the root zone is dynamically optimized. In addition, the pipeline network is arranged in combination with the topographic features to effectively connect the regional distribution with the actual needs.

[0052] In this embodiment, the arrangement of the ventilation column device is based on the field data analysis results in step S1. First, in high-risk areas, the ventilation columns are set according to the distribution of low-lying areas in the field. The bottom of the ventilation column penetrates into the soil root zone, generally with a depth of 40 cm to 50 cm, to ensure that the gas can directly reach the root zone. The top of the ventilation column is connected to the atmosphere, and the atmospheric pressure difference is used as the basic driving force to inject gas into the soil.

[0053] In a possible implementation, the distribution density of the ventilation columns is dynamically adjusted according to the regional risk level. For example, in high-risk areas, the spacing of the ventilation columns is generally 2 m to 5 m, while in medium-risk areas, it can be appropriately expanded to 5 m to 10 m. In low-risk areas, only a small number of ventilation columns can be arranged, mainly playing an auxiliary role in oxygen supply.

[0054] As an option, a distributed ventilation network is also designed in this step, connecting the ventilation columns with the ground pipeline system to make gas injection more concentrated and efficient. Specifically, the pipeline system can be made of PVC material, which has strong corrosion resistance, and the pipeline diameter is generally between 50 mm and 100 mm to meet the gas transportation requirements. In some embodiments, a pressure regulating device is also installed at the bottom of the ventilation columns in high-risk areas to ensure that the oxygen diffusion rate matches the soil demand by adjusting the gas injection pressure.

[0055] To further optimize the gas injection efficiency, a diffusion model of oxygen concentration is introduced in this embodiment. The diffusion process of oxygen in the soil follows Fick's first law, and its flux formula is:

[0056]

[0057] Where: J: oxygen flux, unit is kg / m 2 ·s; D: diffusion coefficient, unit is Determined by soil porosity and water saturation; Oxygen concentration gradient, unit is kg / m 3 / m.

[0058] In a possible implementation, the diffusion coefficient D is dynamically adjusted according to the soil porosity φ and water saturation θ, and the specific expression is:

[0059]

[0060] Where: D0 : The oxygen diffusion coefficient in the air, with the unit of m 2 / s; θ: Soil water saturation (dimensionless); φ: Soil porosity (dimensionless), generally between 0.35 and 0.45; n: Empirical exponent, usually taken as 2.

[0061] By real-time monitoring of the changes in oxygen concentration and diffusion gradient, the injection rate of the ventilation column is dynamically adjusted to keep the root zone oxygen concentration in the high-risk area above 0.02 kg / m³.

[0062] Generally, the design of the gas injection rate needs to combine area division and soil properties. In this invention, the gas injection rates in different risk areas are as follows:

[0063] The injection rate in the high-risk area is set to 1.5 to 2.0 m³ per hour;

[0064] The medium-risk area is 0.5 to 1.0 m³ per hour;

[0065] The low-risk area is 0.1 to 0.5 m³ per hour.

[0066] In another implementation, the ventilation column injection system also incorporates a time control mechanism. For example, in the first 3 days after rainfall, intensive high-strength injection is carried out for more than 8 hours per day, while in normal periods, the daily injection time can be reduced to 2 to 4 hours.

[0067] This embodiment also enhances the key management effect of gas injection through the centralized and optimized layout in low-lying areas. For example, by increasing the ventilation column density and injection pressure in the low-lying areas of the field, the gas can quickly cover the entire soil in the low-lying area, reducing the stress effect of oxygen deficiency on the roots.

[0068] S3. Through filling with porous materials and mechanical loosening of the soil;

[0069] Specifically, in this embodiment, the soil pore optimization is mainly implemented in two parts: filling with porous materials and mechanical soil loosening operations. In the high-risk area, silicon-based porous granular materials are arranged in the low-lying areas of the field. These materials are made of lightweight silicates, with a porosity generally of 65% to 80%, which can significantly improve the soil ventilation. The particle size of the materials is usually between 0.5 mm and 2 mm to ensure that the particles can fully penetrate into the root zone soil layer.

[0070] Specifically, the porous granular materials can increase the effective porosity of the soil, thereby enhancing the oxygen diffusion coefficient and water drainage capacity. As an option, these particles can also be doped with materials with slow-release functions, such as zeolite or modified gypsum, to further enhance the functionality of the materials.

[0071] In this embodiment, the main purpose of mechanical soil loosening operation is to further improve the aeration and drainage capacity of the soil in the root zone. Generally, the soil loosening depth is 20 cm to 30 cm to ensure the uniformity of the root zone environment. In high-risk areas, the soil loosening frequency can be appropriately increased, for example, the operation is carried out once every 10 to 15 days.

[0072] As an option, the mechanical soil loosening equipment is equipped with a rotary harrow blade device, which can break the surface and middle layer structures of the soil simultaneously. In some embodiments, the soil loosening device is also equipped with sensors for real-time monitoring of soil porosity and moisture content, so as to dynamically adjust the operation depth.

[0073] In order to verify the effect of soil pore optimization, the present invention uses the oxygen diffusion coefficient and the water drainage rate as evaluation indicators.

[0074] The calculation of the soil water drainage rate (q) is based on Darcy's law:

[0075]

[0076] Where: k h : The hydraulic conductivity of the soil, in m / s, depending on the porosity and saturation; The hydraulic gradient, in m / m.

[0077] By comparing the soil parameters before and after improvement, the actual effect of pore optimization can be confirmed. For example, in high-risk areas, the porosity is increased from 0.30 to 0.40, the oxygen diffusion coefficient is increased by more than 30%, and the water drainage rate is significantly enhanced.

[0078] S4. Monitor the soil oxygen concentration, humidity and pore strain data through sensors, construct an optimization model, and dynamically adjust the ventilation rate and drainage rate;

[0079] Specifically, in this embodiment, the deployment of the sensor network is based on the field area division and soil optimization results in steps S1 and S3. Specifically, in high-risk areas, oxygen concentration sensors, humidity sensors and pore strain sensors are preferentially arranged. These sensors are used to monitor the root zone oxygen concentration, soil water content and soil deformation conditions respectively, ensuring that the monitoring data can fully cover the target area.

[0080] As an option, the oxygen concentration sensors are arranged at a depth range of 20 to 50 cm in the root zone, and the monitoring frequency is generally set to once every 10 minutes. These sensors can collect the dynamic changes of the oxygen concentration in the soil in real time and upload the data to the monitoring center through the wireless transmission module.

[0081] The humidity sensor is used to measure the water content and saturation of the soil. Generally, the humidity sensor adopts TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) technology, and the probe length can be flexibly adjusted according to the soil depth, usually between 10 and 30 centimeters. In some embodiments, to improve the accuracy of humidity monitoring, the measurement point density can be increased, and a sensor is arranged every 5 to 10 meters.

[0082] The pore strain sensor is used to monitor soil deformation and porosity changes. These sensors are installed on the surface and middle layers of the root zone soil, and can capture the dynamic changes of soil deformation in real time, providing data support for evaluating the stability of soil structure.

[0083] In a possible implementation, a partial differential equation model is used in this example to analyze the monitoring data.

[0084] The dynamic change of oxygen concentration follows the following diffusion model:

[0085] Where: C: Soil oxygen concentration, unit is kg / m 3 ; t: Time, unit is s; D: Oxygen diffusion coefficient, unit is m 2 / s; Laplace operator, representing the spatial gradient of oxygen concentration; k: Oxygen consumption rate, unit is s -1 , determined by the root oxygen uptake rate and microbial metabolism rate.

[0086] Specifically, the calculation formula of the diffusion coefficient D is: D = D 0 (1 - θ)φ n

[0087] Where: D 0 : Oxygen diffusion coefficient in air; θ: Soil water saturation, dimensionless; φ: Soil porosity, dimensionless; n: Empirical exponent, generally taking the value of 2. The calculation of the oxygen consumption rate k is based on root metabolism and soil microbial activities.

[0088] As an option, the oxygen consumption parameters under different soil types can be determined through experiments.

[0089] To evaluate the soil water drainage capacity, Darcy's law is used in this embodiment to describe the water flow behavior, and the dynamic change of the hydraulic conductivity k x is calculated by the following formula:

[0090] k x = k X0 (1 - θ)^m

[0091] Where: k X0: Hydraulic conductivity under saturated soil condition; θ: Soil saturation; m: Empirical exponent, usually taken as 3.

[0092] S5. According to the output result of the optimization model, dynamically adjust the ventilation and drainage equipment in different regions to keep the oxygen concentration in the root zone above the minimum oxygen requirement concentration and the soil porosity within the target range;

[0093] Specifically, in this embodiment, the dynamic control is realized based on the result of the optimization model in step S4. Specifically, the optimization model outputs the control parameters for the operation of the equipment according to the monitored data of the regional oxygen concentration, soil water content, and porosity. For high-risk regions, the gas injection rate and the operation frequency of the drainage equipment are preferentially adjusted to quickly relieve the environmental pressure.

[0094] As an option, the adjustment of the gas injection rate is based on the change in soil oxygen concentration. Generally, when the oxygen concentration is lower than the minimum oxygen requirement concentration (0.02 kg / m³), the injection rate of the ventilation column needs to be increased.

[0095] The adjustment strategy can be described by the following formula:

[0096] Q 注入 =α·∫ Ω (C 目标 -C 实际 )dΩ

[0097] Where: Q 注入 : Gas injection rate, unit: m 3 / h; α: Control gain factor, dynamically adjusted according to the field environment; C 目标 : Target oxygen concentration, generally set to 0.03 kg / m³; C 实际 : Current oxygen concentration, obtained by sensor monitoring; Ω: Regional volume.

[0098] In a possible implementation, the control strategy of the drainage equipment takes the soil water content and the hydraulic gradient as the main parameters.

[0099] Hydraulic gradient Calculated by Darcy's law, the adjustment formula for the drainage rate is:

[0100]

[0101] Where: q 排水 : Operating rate of the drainage equipment, unit: m 3 / s; β: Control gain factor, used to adjust the response intensity of the drainage equipment; Hydraulic gradient, unit: m / m.

[0102] Specifically, when the soil saturation exceeds a threshold value (e.g., 0.8), the system will automatically increase the operating intensity of the drainage equipment. As an option, the drainage equipment in low-lying areas is started first, and the drainage equipment in high areas operates gradually according to the water flow situation.

[0103] In a possible implementation, the dynamic control strategy of the present invention also introduces a regional priority adjustment mechanism. Specifically, the operating frequency and intensity of the equipment in high-risk areas are adjusted first to ensure that resources are concentrated in the areas with the greatest environmental pressure. The equipment in medium-risk areas operates at a normal frequency, while the equipment in low-risk areas is in a standby state and is only started when necessary.

[0104] In some embodiments, the dynamic control strategy also combines the prediction results of historical data. For example, based on meteorological prediction data of rainfall and evaporation, the operating intensity of the equipment can be adjusted in advance to avoid the impact of sudden increase in environmental pressure on the system operation.

[0105] This embodiment also realizes the high efficiency of dynamic control through multiple iterative optimizations. For example, within one adjustment cycle, the system continuously updates and optimizes the model according to real-time monitoring data and generates new control parameters to ensure that the operating state of the equipment always matches the environmental requirements. The control cycle is generally set to once every 10 minutes to 30 minutes to balance the real-time performance and computational cost of the system.

[0106] S6. After the waterlogging is over, re-evaluate the soil porosity and water content, and perform soil covering and ventilation supplementation for the damaged areas.

[0107] Specifically, in this embodiment, the post-waterlogging recovery first re-evaluates the soil state to confirm the specific damage degree of each area. Specifically, due to long-term waterlogging in high-risk areas, the soil pores may be compacted and the oxygen concentration may be severely insufficient. Therefore, these areas are preferentially covered with soil, and oxygen is supplemented through the ventilation device.

[0108] A cultivation system for improving the waterlogging resistance of sugarcane, comprising:

[0109] A field data acquisition module for acquiring soil topography, porosity, saturation, oxygen concentration, and humidity parameters;

[0110] A ventilation device module, including ventilation columns, a pressure control device, and a distributed ventilation network;

[0111] A soil pore optimization module, including a mechanical soil loosening device and porous granular materials;

[0112] A real-time monitoring module, including an oxygen concentration sensor, a humidity sensor, and a pore strain sensor;

[0113] The dynamic optimization module runs models of soil oxygen diffusion, water flow, and pore deformation through a computing unit to dynamically regulate the ventilation rate, drainage rate, and soil loosening frequency.

[0114] Specifically, the field data acquisition module combines sensing devices and terrain scanning devices to obtain parameters such as soil terrain features, porosity, saturation, oxygen concentration, and humidity in the field. The module uses a lidar scanning device carried by a drone to obtain a three-dimensional topographic map, and at the same time, a soil sensor array deployed in the field collects microscopic data in real time. These data are transmitted to the dynamic optimization module through a wireless transmission module, providing real-time input for subsequent analysis. By obtaining accurate data, this module avoids the limitations of relying on empirical judgment and provides a scientific basis for the operation of the entire system.

[0115] The ventilation device module includes ventilation columns, a pressure control device, and a distributed ventilation network, which are connected to different areas of the field through ground pipes. The bottom of the ventilation column extends deep into the root zone, and the top is connected to the atmosphere or the pressure control device. Precise injection of oxygen is achieved by adjusting the air pressure. The distributed ventilation network can dynamically distribute the oxygen flow according to the field partition, giving priority to meeting the needs of high-risk areas. By enhancing the oxygen concentration gradient in the root zone, the module improves the diffusion efficiency of oxygen in the soil and effectively alleviates the problem of root hypoxia in waterlogged environments.

[0116] The soil pore optimization module combines the functions of a mechanical soil loosening device and porous granular materials to improve the ventilation and drainage capabilities of the soil. The mechanical soil loosening device deep-loosens the root zone with rotating rake blades, enhancing soil permeability and water fluidity. The porous granular materials are filled in the soil to maintain the stability of the optimized pore structure in the long term. The module can effectively improve the problem of soil structure degradation after waterlogging and provide a good physical channel for oxygen diffusion and water drainage.

[0117] The real-time monitoring module consists of an oxygen concentration sensor, a humidity sensor, and a pore strain sensor. It collects key parameters of the field soil through a sensor network and transmits the data to the dynamic optimization module in real time. Through high-frequency monitoring, the module can capture the dynamic changes in the field environment and provide an accurate basis for adjusting subsequent control strategies. The advantage of the real-time monitoring module is that it can accurately reflect the oxygen concentration, humidity, and deformation conditions in the soil, avoiding the disadvantages of strong hysteresis and single data in traditional monitoring technologies.

[0118] The dynamic optimization module is the core computing unit of the system. By running the soil oxygen diffusion model, water flow model, and pore deformation model, it comprehensively analyzes the input information provided by the field data collection module and the real-time monitoring module. The module dynamically outputs control parameters such as ventilation rate, drainage rate, and soil loosening frequency according to the optimization objectives, and adjusts the operating states of each execution module. The dynamic optimization module realizes the intelligent management of the system, making the operations of ventilation, drainage, and soil loosening equipment more accurate and efficient, and effectively improving the resource utilization rate and field management effect.

[0119] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for improving the waterlogging resistance of sugarcane, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Through three-dimensional terrain scanning and soil parameter analysis, obtain field topography distribution, soil porosity, saturation and oxygen concentration data, and divide high-risk areas, medium-risk areas and low-risk areas; S2. Deploy ventilation column devices in high-risk areas and dynamically allocate gas injection rates according to regional risk levels; S3, filling with porous materials and mechanically loosening the soil; S4, monitor soil oxygen concentration, moisture and pore strain data through sensors, build an optimization model, and dynamically adjust the ventilation rate and drainage rate; S5. According to the output of the optimization model, dynamically adjust the ventilation and drainage equipment in different areas to keep the oxygen concentration in the root zone above the minimum oxygen concentration and the soil porosity within the target range; S6. Reassess soil porosity and moisture content after waterlogging is over, and re-soil and supplement ventilation in damaged areas.

2. A cultivation method for improving waterlogging resistance of sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S2, the deployment of the ventilation device includes arranging a distributed ventilation network in the high-risk area, and adjusting the gas injection rate to 1.5 to 2.0 cubic meters per hour through a pressure control device.

3. The method for improving the waterlogging resistance of sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S3, the soil porosity optimization includes filling the high-risk area with porous silicon-based granular materials with a porosity of 35% to 45%.

4. The method for improving the waterlogging resistance of sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S4, the deployed sensors are used to collect soil oxygen concentration, moisture and pore strain data, and dynamically adjust the soil oxygen diffusion coefficient in combination with the oxygen diffusion model. The oxygen diffusion model dynamically updates the diffusion rate according to the soil porosity and water saturation.

5. A cultivation method for improving waterlogging resistance of sugarcane according to claim 4, characterized in that: The optimization model constructed in the S4 step maximizes the soil oxygen transmission flux and maintains the oxygen concentration in the root zone not lower than the minimum oxygen demand concentration of 0.02 kg / m3, while dynamically adjusting the gas injection rate and drainage rate.

6. The method for improving waterlogging resistance of sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S5, by optimizing and calculating the objective function, the gas injection rate is maintained at 0.1 to 2.0 cubic meters per hour, the drainage rate is maintained at 1 to 3 centimeters per hour, and the soil porosity is maintained between 35% and 45%.

7. The method for improving the waterlogging resistance of sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S5, the gas injection rates in different regions are distributed according to the following ranges: High-risk areas: gas injection rate is 1.5 to 2.0 cubic meters per hour; Medium risk area: gas injection rate is 0.5 to 1.0 cubic meters per hour; Low risk areas: Gas injection rate is 0.1 to 0.5 cubic meters per hour.

8. A cultivation system for improving the waterlogging resistance of sugarcane, according to a cultivation method for improving the waterlogging resistance of sugarcane according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: include: Field data collection module, used to collect soil topography, porosity, saturation, oxygen concentration and humidity parameters; A ventilation device module, including a ventilation column, a pressure control device and a distributed ventilation network; Soil porosity optimization module, including mechanical soil scarification device and porous granular material; Real-time monitoring module, including oxygen concentration sensor, humidity sensor and pore strain sensor; The dynamic optimization module runs soil oxygen diffusion, water flow and pore deformation models through computing units to dynamically adjust the ventilation rate, drainage rate and loosening frequency.

9. A cultivation system for improving waterlogging resistance of sugarcane according to claim 8, characterized in that: The ventilation column of the ventilation device module is arranged vertically, with its bottom 40 to 50 cm deep into the root zone soil and the upper part connected to the atmosphere. The pressure control device dynamically adjusts the gas injection amount according to the optimization result to maintain a stable oxygen concentration gradient.

10. The cultivation system for improving waterlogging resistance of sugarcane according to claim 8, characterized in that: The dynamic optimization module constructs a group of partial differential equations through real-time feedback data, and dynamically adjusts the operating parameters of the aeration device and the loosening device in combination with a numerical solution method, so that the oxygen concentration and porosity of the soil in the root zone meet the target conditions required for plant growth.

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