Forest soil porosity detection device and detection method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of soil porosity measurement, in particular to a forest soil porosity detection device and method. Comprising a workbench, a measuring device body, a sliding plate, a drilling mechanism, a positioning mechanism, a slicking mechanism and a sampling mechanism, through the arrangement of the drilling mechanism, drilling can be conducted on the ground, an air cylinder is started, a semicircular column is driven to move downwards under the action of a clamping assembly, and through the action of the slicking mechanism, the inner wall of a pit can be slicked to be flat, so that the sampling accuracy is improved. The sampling device is simple in structure and convenient to use, surface topsoil can be cleaned through rotation of a cleaning roller brush, the sampling effect can be improved, a clamping assembly continues to move downwards, a T-shaped sliding block, an orientation cylinder and a cutting ring can be driven to move horizontally, and when the T-shaped sliding block moves, the orientation cylinder and the cutting ring can be driven into the inner wall of a soil pit through the cooperation of a transmission assembly, an induction assembly and a soil trimming assembly, so that the sampling effect is improved. The sampling function is achieved, and soil at the end of the cutting ring is flattened under the action of the soil trimming assembly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of soil porosity measurement, and in particular to a forest soil porosity detection device and a detection method. Background Art

[0002] Measuring soil porosity is one of the important means to understand soil structure and water movement. Porosity indicates the proportion of pore space in the soil. Soil porosity data is often needed in forests or fields to reflect the physical properties of the soil. It is an important indicator of available water and gas in the soil, an important factor in evaluating soil quality and plant growth environment, and has important significance for environmental protection, soil science research and other fields.

[0003] At present, there are mainly the following traditional methods for measuring soil porosity, namely gas expansion displacement method, water volume method, computer graphics method, etc. However, the gas expansion displacement method has low measurement accuracy and requires pressurization. It has high safety requirements during operation and has limited places of use. The water volume method is easy to form sludge, muddy water and other pollution instruments during the measurement process. At the same time, the measurement cycle is long, the accuracy is poor, and it is not convenient to repeat the measurement. It cannot be measured in forests or field conditions. The biggest limitation of the computer graphics method is that there is no recognized standard for the selection of thresholds. Different threshold selections will result in different porosity results. It is highly dependent on the experience of researchers and is not suitable for outdoor measurements.

[0004] In the prior art, a Chinese patent with publication number CN112051203A discloses a soil porosity measuring device and a soil porosity measuring method, which can measure soil porosity under field conditions. However, in actual use, it takes samples by using a ring knife soil sampling method. The entire sampling process requires workers to perform operations such as digging pits, scraping walls, cleaning, sampling, digging out ring knives, and repairing soil. The entire operation not only consumes a lot of working time, but also makes it difficult to ensure that the ring knife can be driven horizontally into the pit wall during sampling, which can easily cause the ring knife to be dissatisfied with the soil, affecting the measurement accuracy. Summary of the invention

[0005] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a forest soil porosity detection device and detection method to address the existing technical problems.

[0006] In order to solve the problems of the prior art, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A forest soil porosity detection device, comprising: Workbench, measuring device body; A slide plate, a slide assembly is arranged on the opposite inner wall of the workbench, and the slide plate is fixedly connected to the slide assembly; A drilling mechanism is arranged on the slide plate, comprising a drill rod, a sliding hole is opened on the top of the slide plate, the drill rod is slidably arranged in the sliding hole and is rotatably connected with the sliding hole, a blade is arranged on the outer wall of the peripheral side of the bottom end of the drill rod, and a driving assembly is arranged on the top end of the drill rod; A positioning mechanism is connected to the slide plate, comprising an L-shaped mounting plate, a cylinder, a semicircular column, and a clamping assembly, wherein the L-shaped mounting plate is fixedly mounted on the side of the slide plate, the cylinder is fixedly arranged on the top of the L-shaped mounting plate, a transmission groove is provided at the bottom of the semicircular column, and an output end of the cylinder extends into the transmission groove and is limited by the clamping assembly; A scraping mechanism connected to the L-shaped mounting plate, comprising an L-shaped scraper, a cleaning roller brush, and a linkage assembly, wherein the L-shaped scraper is fixedly mounted on the side of the semicircular column, a cleaning groove is provided on the side of the L-shaped scraper, and the cleaning roller brush is arranged in the cleaning groove and connected to the clamping assembly through the linkage assembly; The sampling mechanism is connected with the L-shaped mounting plate, the clamping assembly and the L-shaped scraper, and comprises a square block, a T-shaped slider, a directional cylinder, a ring knife, a limit assembly, a transmission assembly, a telescopic assembly, a sensing assembly and a soil repair assembly. A transmission cavity is provided in the square block, and a rectangular hole is provided on the top inner wall of the transmission cavity. The T-shaped slider is slidably arranged in the rectangular hole through the limit assembly and is connected to the clamping assembly through the transmission assembly. The T-shaped slider is connected to the directional cylinder through the telescopic assembly. The peripheral outer wall of the ring knife is threadedly connected to the peripheral inner wall of the directional cylinder. The soil repair assembly is respectively arranged on the square block and the L-shaped mounting plate. The sensing assembly is arranged in the transmission cavity and is electrically connected to the directional cylinder, the telescopic assembly and the soil repair assembly.

[0007] Furthermore, the sliding assembly includes two rectangular sliders, the relative inner walls of the workbench are provided with sliding grooves, the relative inner walls of the two sliding grooves are rotatably installed with screws, the peripheral outer walls of the two screws are fixedly sleeved with sprockets, and chains are meshed and installed on the two sprockets. A mobile motor is fixedly installed on the side of the workbench, and the output shaft of the mobile motor is connected to the end of one of the screws. The two rectangular sliders are respectively threadedly installed on the two screws, and the relative side portions of the two rectangular sliders are respectively fixedly connected to the two side portions of the slide plate.

[0008] Furthermore, the driving assembly includes an I-shaped circular plate, a drilling motor is fixedly installed on the top of the I-shaped circular plate, the output shaft of the drilling motor extends outside the I-shaped circular plate and is fixedly connected to the top of the drill rod, an annular plate is fixedly sleeved on the circumferential outer wall of the I-shaped circular plate, two handles are provided on the circumferential outer wall of the annular plate, and an L-shaped support block is provided on the top of the slide plate, and the L-shaped support block is adapted to the two handles.

[0009] Furthermore, the clamping assembly includes a rectangular clamping plate, which is slidably arranged in the transmission groove, and the top of the rectangular clamping plate is fixedly connected to the output end of the cylinder. The relative inner walls of the transmission groove are provided with rectangular grooves, and the side inner walls of the two rectangular grooves are fixedly provided with limiting shafts, and the peripheral outer walls of the two limiting shafts are slidably installed with trapezoidal clamping blocks, and the two trapezoidal clamping blocks are adapted to the rectangular clamping plate, and the peripheral outer walls of the two limiting shafts are sleeved with compression springs, and the transmission groove is provided with extrusion units respectively adapted to the two trapezoidal clamping blocks.

[0010] Furthermore, the extrusion unit includes an L-shaped extrusion plate, the side inner wall of the transmission groove is provided with an L-shaped lifting groove, the top inner wall of the L-shaped lifting groove is fixedly provided with a guide shaft, the L-shaped extrusion plate is slidably sleeved on the peripheral outer wall of the guide shaft, and the top of the L-shaped extrusion plate is provided with an inclined surface and is adapted to the trapezoidal block.

[0011] Furthermore, the linkage assembly includes a rotating rod and a rotating shaft, and both ends of the rotating shaft are rotatably installed on the relative inner walls of the cleaning groove, and the side inner wall of the cleaning groove and the side inner wall of the L-shaped lifting groove are jointly provided with a through hole, and the rotating rod is rotatably installed in the through hole, one end of the rotating rod extends into the L-shaped lifting groove and is fixedly sleeved with a gear, and a rack is fixedly provided on the side of the L-shaped extrusion plate, and the rack is meshed and installed with the gear, and the other end of the rotating rod extends into the cleaning groove and is fixedly sleeved with a driving bevel gear, and the circumferential outer wall of the rotating shaft is fixedly sleeved with a driven bevel gear, and the driving bevel gear is meshed and installed with the driven bevel gear.

[0012] Further, the limit assembly includes two limit sliders, and the relative inner walls of the rectangular hole are provided with limit grooves. The two limit sliders are respectively slidably installed in the two limit grooves, and the relative side portions of the two limit sliders are respectively fixedly connected to the inner walls on both sides of the T-shaped slider. The transmission assembly includes a lifting column, and the side portion of the transmission groove is provided with a lifting hole. The lifting column is slidably arranged in the lifting hole, and the side portion of the lifting column is fixedly connected to the side portion of the rectangular clamping plate. A first connecting rod is rotatably installed at the bottom of the lifting column, and the other end of the first connecting rod is rotatably installed on the top of the T-shaped slider.

[0013] Further, the telescopic assembly includes a telescopic sleeve, one end of which is fixedly installed on the side of the T-shaped slider, a circular cavity is provided in the telescopic sleeve, a circular hole is provided on the inner wall of the end of the circular cavity, a telescopic rod is slidably installed in the circular hole, one end of the telescopic rod extends into the circular cavity and is provided with an adsorption unit, a card block is fixedly provided on the other end of the telescopic rod, a fixed block is fixedly installed on the end of the directional cylinder, a card slot adapted to the card block is provided on the side of the fixed block, and the card block is connected with a card block. Placed in the card slot, the adsorption unit includes a limiting iron sheet, the limiting iron sheet is fixedly installed on the end of the telescopic rod, an electromagnet is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the end of the circular cavity, a fixing plate is fixedly installed on the bottom inner wall of the transmission cavity, a sensor is arranged on the side of the fixing plate, the sensor is adapted to the fixed block, the sensor is electrically connected to the electromagnet, a square hole is opened on the side of the square block, a side cover is hingedly installed in the square hole, and the side cover is adapted to the position of the directional cylinder and the ring knife.

[0014] Furthermore, the soil trimming assembly includes a soil trimming knife and a soil cutting knife. A U-shaped top plate is fixedly provided on the top of the square block, and sliding grooves are provided on the relative inner walls of the U-shaped top plate. The soil trimming knife is slidably installed in the two sliding grooves. A second connecting rod is rotatably installed on one side of the soil trimming knife, and the other end of the second connecting rod is rotatably installed on the side of the T-shaped slider. A soil trimming hole connected to the transmission chamber is provided on the top of the square block. The soil trimming knife is slidably provided in the soil trimming hole, and one side of the soil trimming knife is fitted with the end of the ring knife. A rectangular plate is fixedly provided on the top inner wall of the L-shaped mounting plate, and a mounting groove is provided on the bottom of the rectangular plate. An electric telescopic rod is provided on the top inner wall of the mounting groove, and the output end of the electric telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the top of the soil cutting knife, and the electric telescopic rod is electrically connected to the sensor.

[0015] A detection method of a forest soil porosity detection device comprises the following steps: S1. Move the device to a suitable position, drill a hole in the ground through the drilling mechanism, and then drive the slide plate to move horizontally through the sliding assembly so that the semicircular column moves to the top of the pit; S2, start the cylinder, and drive the semicircular column to move downward under the action of the clamping assembly, and through the action of the scraping mechanism, the inner wall of the pit can be scraped and leveled to make the inner wall flat, and the surface floating soil can be cleaned by the rotation of the cleaning roller brush to improve the sampling effect; S3. When the semicircular column moves to the inner wall of the bottom end of the pit, it continues to move downward through the clamping assembly, which can drive the T-shaped slider, the directional cylinder, and the ring knife to move horizontally. When the T-shaped slider moves, the directional cylinder and the ring knife can be driven into the inner wall of the pit through the cooperation of the transmission assembly, the sensing assembly, and the soil repair assembly to achieve the sampling function; S4. After the directional cylinder and the ring cutter are driven into the inner wall of the pit, the resetting of the clamping assembly can drive the directional cylinder and the ring cutter to reset synchronously, and under the action of the soil repairing assembly, the soil at the end of the ring cutter is leveled, and then the semicircular column is driven to reset, and the directional cylinder and the ring cutter are removed and placed in the measuring device body for measurement.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: First, the device scrapes the inner wall of the soil pit flat by the downward movement of the L-shaped scraper. When the L-shaped extrusion plate contacts the inner wall of the bottom end of the soil pit, it can keep it stationary through its extrusion effect. At this time, since the semicircular column continues to move downward, the gear and the rack mesh, driving the gear to rotate, thereby driving the rotating rod to rotate. Through the meshing of the active bevel gear and the driven bevel gear, the rotating shaft and the cleaning roller brush are driven to realize the rotation function, and the inner wall of the soil pit flattened by the L-shaped scraper is cleaned to remove the surface loose soil. Second, the device continues to move downward after releasing the limit through the rectangular card plate, which can drive the lifting column to move downward synchronously, and drive the T-shaped slider to move synchronously through the connection effect of the first connecting rod. When the T-shaped slider moves horizontally, the connection effect of the second connecting rod can drive the soil repair knife to move horizontally upward under the limit effect of the U-shaped top plate, and release the sealing limit of the ring knife. While the T-shaped slider moves, it can drive the telescopic sleeve and the electromagnet to move horizontally. Through the avoidance effect of the circular cavity, the telescopic rod can be kept stationary for a period of time to prevent the soil repair knife from not being fully opened and interfering with the horizontal movement of the ring knife. Thirdly, when the directional cylinder moves horizontally, the device can energize the electromagnet under the induction of the sensor, so that it can achieve adsorption with the limit iron sheet, and at the same time send an electrical signal to the electric telescopic rod to drive the soil cutting knife to move downward and insert it into the ground to cut off the soil at the end of the ring knife. After cutting, the cylinder is started to drive the rectangular clamping plate to move upward, and the telescopic sleeve is driven to reset through the connection action. The adsorption of the electromagnet and the limit iron sheet can drive the directional cylinder to move synchronously until the directional cylinder contacts the sensor. The electric telescopic rod drives the soil cutting knife to move upward and reset. At the same time, the electromagnet is powered off to release the adsorption with the limit iron sheet, so that when the telescopic sleeve continues to move, the telescopic rod can remain stationary through the avoidance effect of the circular cavity to prevent jamming. Moreover, when the telescopic sleeve and the T-shaped slider continue to move, they can drive the soil trimming knife to move downward and reset, so as to automatically trim the soil at the end of the ring knife. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of an embodiment; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the workbench in the embodiment; Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A magnified view of the structure at center; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the partial cross-section structure of the semicircular column and the L-shaped scraper in the embodiment; Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A magnified view of the structure at B in the middle; Figure 6 yes Figure 4 A magnified view of the structure at C in the middle; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the partial cutaway structure of the semicircular column, square block, and U-shaped top plate in the embodiment; Figure 8 yes Figure 7 A magnified view of the structure at D in the middle; Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the partial cross-section structure of the L-shaped mounting plate and the rectangular plate in the embodiment.

[0018] The numbers in the figure are: 1. Workbench; 2. Slide plate; 3. Screw rod; 4. Sprocket; 5. Chain; 6. Mobile motor; 7. Rectangular slider; 8. Drill rod; 9. Blade; 10. I-shaped circular plate; 11. Drilling motor; 12. Annular plate; 13. Handle; 14. L-shaped support block; 15. L-shaped mounting plate; 16. Cylinder; 17. Semicircular column; 18. Rectangular clamping plate; 19. Trapezoidal clamping block; 20. Limiting shaft; 21. Compression spring; 22. L-shaped extrusion plate; 23. Guide shaft; 24. L-shaped scraper; 25. Rotating rod; 26. Rotating shaft; 27. Gear; 28. Rack; 29. ​​Active cone Gear; 30, driven bevel gear; 31, cleaning roller brush; 32, square block; 33, T-shaped slider; 34, limit groove; 35, limit slider; 36, lifting column; 37, first connecting rod; 38, telescopic sleeve; 39, telescopic rod; 40, electromagnet; 41, limit iron sheet; 42, directional cylinder; 43, block; 44, fixed block; 45, fixed plate; 46, sensor; 47, ring knife; 48, U-shaped top plate; 49, soil trimming knife; 50, second connecting rod; 51, side cover; 52, rectangular plate; 53, electric telescopic rod; 54, soil cutting knife; 55, measuring device body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to further understand the features, technical means, specific objectives and functions of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0020] refer to Figures 1 to 9 A forest soil porosity detection device includes a workbench 1, a measuring device body 55, a slide plate 2, a drilling mechanism, a positioning mechanism, a scraping mechanism and a sampling mechanism. It should be noted that in this embodiment, the specific structure of the measuring device body 55 can refer to the technical content adopted in the soil porosity measuring device and soil porosity measuring method disclosed in the Chinese patent with publication number CN112051203A in the prior art, which will not be repeated here. Specifically, the measuring device body 55 is controlled by a PLC controller, and a sliding component is arranged on the relative inner wall of the workbench 1, and the slide plate 2 and the sliding The components are fixedly connected, the drilling mechanism is arranged on the slide plate 2, including a drill rod 8, a sliding hole is opened on the top of the slide plate 2, the drill rod 8 is slidably arranged in the sliding hole and is rotatably connected with the sliding hole, a blade 9 is arranged on the outer wall of the bottom side of the drill rod 8, and a driving component is arranged on the top of the drill rod 8. The positioning mechanism is connected to the slide plate 2, including an L-shaped mounting plate 15, a cylinder 16, a semicircular column 17, and a clamping component. Specifically, the cylinder 16 is controlled by a PLC controller, the L-shaped mounting plate 15 is fixedly installed on the side of the slide plate 2, the cylinder 16 is fixedly arranged on the top of the L-shaped mounting plate 15, and the bottom of the semicircular column 17 is opened. The output end of the cylinder 16 extends into the transmission groove and is limited by a clamping assembly. The scraping mechanism is connected to the L-shaped mounting plate 15, including an L-shaped scraper 24, a cleaning roller brush 31, and a linkage assembly. The L-shaped scraper 24 is fixedly mounted on the side of the semicircular column 17. A cleaning groove is provided on the side of the L-shaped scraper 24. The cleaning roller brush 31 is arranged in the cleaning groove and is connected to the clamping assembly through a linkage assembly. The sampling mechanism is connected to the L-shaped mounting plate 15, the clamping assembly, and the L-shaped scraper 24, including a square block 32, a T-shaped slider 33, a directional cylinder 42, a ring knife 47, a limiting assembly, a transmission assembly, an extension assembly, and a plurality of extension assemblies. A transmission cavity is opened in the square block 32, and a rectangular hole is opened on the top inner wall of the transmission cavity. The T-shaped slider 33 is slidably set in the rectangular hole through the limit assembly and is connected with the clamping assembly through the transmission assembly. The T-shaped slider 33 is connected to the directional cylinder 42 through the telescopic assembly. The outer wall of the circumferential side of the ring knife 47 is threadedly connected with the inner wall of the circumferential side of the directional cylinder 42. The soil repair components are respectively arranged on the square block 32 and the L-shaped mounting plate 15. The induction component is arranged in the transmission cavity and is electrically connected with the directional cylinder 42, the telescopic component and the soil repair component, and are all controlled by the PLC controller.

[0021] In order to drive the slide plate 2 and the L-shaped mounting plate 15 to achieve horizontal movement, the following features are also specifically provided: The sliding assembly includes two rectangular sliders 7, and the relative inner walls of the workbench 1 are provided with sliding grooves. The relative inner walls of the two sliding grooves are rotatably installed with screws 3. The outer walls of the circumferential sides of the two screws 3 are fixedly sleeved with sprockets 4, and chains 5 are installed on the two sprockets 4 in meshing relationship. A moving motor 6 is fixedly installed on the side of the workbench 1. Specifically, the moving motor 6 is controlled by a PLC controller, and the output shaft of the moving motor 6 is connected to the end of one of the screws 3. The two rectangular sliders 7 are respectively threadedly installed on the two screws 3, and the relative sides of the two rectangular sliders 7 are respectively fixedly connected to the two side parts of the skateboard 2. In this arrangement, one of the screws 3 can be driven to rotate by the moving motor 6, and then the other screw 3 can be driven to rotate synchronously under the meshing action of the two sprockets 4 and the chain 5, so that the two rectangular sliders 7 can realize the horizontal movement function under the action of the threads, thereby driving the skateboard 2 and the L-shaped mounting plate 15 to move horizontally synchronously.

[0022] In order to facilitate the drilling operation in the soil, the following features are also set: The driving assembly includes an I-shaped circular plate 10, on the top of which a drilling motor 11 is fixedly installed. Specifically, the drilling motor 11 is controlled by a PLC controller, and the output shaft of the drilling motor 11 extends to the outside of the I-shaped circular plate 10 and is fixedly connected to the top of the drill rod 8. An annular plate 12 is fixedly sleeved on the circumferential outer wall of the I-shaped circular plate 10, and two handles 13 are provided on the circumferential outer wall of the annular plate 12. An L-shaped support block 14 is provided on the top of the slide plate 2, and the L-shaped support block 14 is adapted to the two handles 13. Starting the drilling motor 11 drives the drill rod 8 and the blade 9 to rotate, and then pressing the two handles 13 downward can drive the drill rod 8 and the blade 9 to move downward to drill holes in the soil.

[0023] In order to make the rectangular clamping plate 18 drive the semicircular column 17 to move synchronously when moving downward, the following features are also specifically provided: The clamping assembly includes a rectangular clamping plate 18, which is slidably arranged in the transmission groove. The top of the rectangular clamping plate 18 is fixedly connected to the output end of the cylinder 16. Relative inner walls of the transmission groove are provided with rectangular grooves. The side inner walls of the two rectangular grooves are fixedly provided with limit shafts 20. The outer walls of the two limit shafts 20 are slidably installed with trapezoidal clamping blocks 19. The two trapezoidal clamping blocks 19 are both adapted to the rectangular clamping plate 18. The outer walls of the two limit shafts 20 are sleeved with compression springs 21. Extrusion units respectively adapted to the two trapezoidal clamping blocks 19 are arranged in the transmission groove. Such an arrangement can enable the rectangular clamping plate 18 to move when the output end of the cylinder 16 moves downward. Through the clamping limit of the two trapezoidal clamping blocks 19, the semicircular column 17 can be driven to move downward synchronously, thereby realizing the synchronous movement function.

[0024] In order to release the clamping effect between the rectangular clamping plate 18 and the semicircular column 17, the following features are also specifically provided: The extrusion unit includes an L-shaped extrusion plate 22, an L-shaped lifting groove is opened on the side inner wall of the transmission groove, a guide shaft 23 is fixedly set on the top inner wall of the L-shaped lifting groove, the L-shaped extrusion plate 22 is slidably sleeved on the peripheral outer wall of the guide shaft 23, and the top of the L-shaped extrusion plate 22 is set as an inclined surface and adapted to the trapezoidal block 19. Such a setting can make it possible for the L-shaped extrusion plate 22 to remain stationary through the extrusion effect when it contacts the inner wall of the bottom end of the pit. At this time, the semicircular column 17 and the two trapezoidal blocks 19 continue to move downward until the top of the L-shaped extrusion plate 22 squeezes the trapezoidal block 19, causing it to move horizontally into the rectangular groove, thereby releasing the limit on the rectangular block 18.

[0025] In order to drive the cleaning roller brush 31 to realize the rotation function when the semicircular column 17 moves downward, the following features are also specifically provided: The linkage assembly includes a rotating rod 25 and a rotating shaft 26. The two ends of the rotating shaft 26 are rotatably mounted on the opposite inner walls of the cleaning groove. The side inner wall of the cleaning groove and the side inner wall of the L-shaped lifting groove are jointly provided with a through hole. The rotating rod 25 is rotatably mounted in the through hole. One end of the rotating rod 25 extends into the L-shaped lifting groove and is fixedly sleeved with a gear 27. A rack 28 is fixedly arranged on the side of the L-shaped extrusion plate 22. The rack 28 is meshed with the gear 27. The other end of the rotating rod 25 extends into the cleaning groove and is fixed. A driving bevel gear 29 is sleeved, and a driven bevel gear 30 is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the peripheral side of the rotating shaft 26. The driving bevel gear 29 is meshed and installed with the driven bevel gear 30. Such an arrangement can achieve that when the L-shaped extrusion plate 22 remains stationary and the semicircular column 17 continues to move downward, the rotating rod 25 is driven to rotate through the meshing action of the gear 27 and the rack 28, and then the rotating shaft 26 and the cleaning roller brush 31 are driven to rotate synchronously under the meshing action of the driving bevel gear 29 and the driven bevel gear 30.

[0026] In order to make the rectangular clamping plate 18 drive the T-shaped slider 33 to move synchronously when moving downward, the following features are also specifically provided: The limit assembly includes two limit sliders 35, and the relative inner walls of the rectangular hole are provided with limit grooves 34. The two limit sliders 35 are slidably installed in the two limit grooves 34 respectively. The relative sides of the two limit sliders 35 are fixedly connected to the inner walls on both sides of the T-shaped slider 33 respectively. The transmission assembly includes a lifting column 36. The side of the transmission groove is provided with a lifting hole. The lifting column 36 is slidably set in the lifting hole. The side of the lifting column 36 is fixedly connected to the side of the rectangular clamping plate 18. The bottom of the lifting column 36 is rotatably installed with a first connecting rod 37, and the other end of the first connecting rod 37 is rotatably installed on the top of the T-shaped slider 33. In this way, the T-shaped slider 33 can be driven to achieve a horizontal movement function through the downward movement of the lifting column 36 under the connection action of the first connecting rod 37.

[0027] In order to enable the rectangular clamping plate 18 to drive the directional cylinder 42 and the ring knife 47 to perform the sampling operation when the rectangular clamping plate 18 moves downward, the following features are also specifically provided: The telescopic assembly includes a telescopic sleeve 38, one end of which is fixedly installed on the side of the T-shaped slider 33, a circular cavity is provided in the telescopic sleeve 38, a circular hole is provided on the inner wall of the end of the circular cavity, a telescopic rod 39 is slidably installed in the circular hole, one end of the telescopic rod 39 extends into the circular cavity and is provided with an adsorption unit, a clamping block 43 is fixedly provided on the other end of the telescopic rod 39, a fixing block 44 is fixedly installed on the end of the directional cylinder 42, a clamping groove adapted to the clamping block 43 is provided on the side of the fixing block 44, and the clamping block 43 is clamped in the clamping groove, and the adsorption unit includes a limiting iron sheet 41, which is fixedly installed on the end of the telescopic rod 39, and the inner wall of the end of the circular cavity An electromagnet 40 is fixedly installed on the top, a fixing plate 45 is fixedly installed on the bottom inner wall of the transmission cavity, and a sensor 46 is arranged on the side of the fixing plate 45. Specifically, the electromagnet 40 and the sensor 46 are controlled by a PLC controller, the sensor 46 is adapted to the fixed block 44, and the sensor 46 is electrically connected to the electromagnet 40. A square hole is opened on the side of the square block 32, and a side cover 51 is hingedly installed in the square hole. The side cover 51 is adapted to the position of the directional cylinder 42 and the ring knife 47. With this arrangement, the movement of the T-shaped slider 33 can drive the telescopic sleeve 38, the telescopic rod 39, the directional cylinder 42, and the ring knife 47 to move synchronously horizontally, thereby realizing the sampling function.

[0028] In order to smooth the soil at the end of the ring cutter 47 after sampling, the following features are also specifically set: The soil repair component includes a soil repair knife 49 and a soil cutting knife 54. A U-shaped top plate 48 is fixedly arranged on the top of the square block 32. The opposite inner walls of the U-shaped top plate 48 are provided with sliding grooves. The soil repair knife 49 is slidably installed in the two sliding grooves. A second connecting rod 50 is rotatably installed on one side of the soil repair knife 49. The other end of the second connecting rod 50 is rotatably installed on the side of the T-shaped slider 33. A soil repair hole connected to the transmission cavity is provided on the top of the square block 32. The soil repair knife 49 is slidably arranged in the soil repair hole. One side of the soil repair knife 49 is fitted with the end of the ring knife 47. The top inner wall of the L-shaped mounting plate 15 A rectangular plate 52 is fixedly provided, a mounting groove is provided at the bottom of the rectangular plate 52, and an electric telescopic rod 53 is provided on the top inner wall of the mounting groove. Specifically, the electric telescopic rod 53 is controlled by a PLC controller, and the output end of the electric telescopic rod 53 is fixedly connected to the top of the soil cutting knife 54, and the electric telescopic rod 53 is electrically connected to the sensor 46. In this way, the electric telescopic rod 53 can be controlled to start through the induction of the sensor 46 and under the action of the PLC controller, so as to drive the soil cutting knife 54 to move downward, cut off the soil at the end of the ring knife 47, and facilitate its removal from the soil.

[0029] A detection method of a forest soil porosity detection device comprises the following steps: S1, move the device to a suitable position, drill a hole in the ground through the drilling mechanism, and then drive the slide plate 2 to move horizontally through the sliding assembly, so that the semicircular column 17 moves to the top of the pit; S2, start the cylinder 16, and drive the semicircular column 17 to move downward under the action of the clamping assembly, and through the action of the scraping mechanism, the inner wall of the pit can be scraped and leveled to make the inner wall flat, and the surface floating soil can be cleaned by the rotation of the cleaning roller brush 31 to improve the sampling effect; S3. After the semicircular column 17 moves to the inner wall of the bottom end of the soil pit, it continues to move downward through the clamping assembly, which can drive the T-shaped slider 33, the directional cylinder 42, and the ring knife 47 to move horizontally. When the T-shaped slider 33 moves, the directional cylinder 42 and the ring knife 47 can be driven into the inner wall of the soil pit through the cooperation of the transmission assembly, the sensing assembly, and the soil repair assembly to achieve the sampling function; S4. After the directional cylinder 42 and the ring cutter 47 are driven into the inner wall of the earth pit, the resetting of the clamping assembly can drive the directional cylinder 42 and the ring cutter 47 to be reset synchronously, and under the action of the soil repairing assembly, the soil at the end of the ring cutter 47 is leveled, and then the semicircular column 17 is driven to be reset, and then the directional cylinder 42 and the ring cutter 47 are removed and placed in the measuring device body 55 for measurement.

[0030] The working principle of the device is as follows: first, the workbench 1 is moved to a suitable position, the handle 13 is turned out from the top of the L-shaped support block 14, and then the drilling motor 11 is started to drive the drill rod 8 and the blade 9 to rotate, and by applying downward pressure, the drill rod 8 and the blade 9 are driven to move downward to drill a hole in the ground. After drilling to a suitable depth, the drill rod 8 is pulled upward to drive the blade 9 to move to the outside, and it is fixed by the handle 13 and the L-shaped support block 14, and then the moving motor 6 is started, and under the meshing action of the two sprocket wheels 4 and the chain 5, the two screw rods 3 are driven to rotate synchronously, thereby driving the two rectangular sliders 7, the slide plate 2, and the L-shaped mounting plate 15 to move horizontally synchronously under the action of the thread, so that the semicircular column 17 moves to the top of the drill hole; The starting cylinder 16 drives the rectangular card plate 18 to move downward, and through the clamping limit of the two trapezoidal card blocks 19, the semicircular column 17, the two L-shaped extrusion plates 22, and the L-shaped scraper 24 move downward synchronously. Through the downward movement of the L-shaped scraper 24, the inner wall of the soil pit is scraped flat. When the L-shaped extrusion plate 22 contacts the inner wall of the bottom end of the soil pit, it can keep it in a static state through its extrusion. At this time, since the semicircular column 17 continues to move downward, the gear 27 and the rack 28 play a meshing role, driving the gear 27 to rotate, thereby driving the rotating rod 25 to rotate. Through the meshing action of the active bevel gear 29 and the driven bevel gear 30, the rotating shaft 26 and the cleaning roller brush 31 are driven to realize the rotation function, and the inner wall of the soil pit after being scraped flat by the L-shaped scraper 24 is cleaned to remove the surface loose soil; When the two L-shaped extrusion plates 22 remain stationary and the semicircular column 17 moves downward to a suitable position, the tops of the two L-shaped extrusion plates 22 respectively squeeze the two trapezoidal blocks 19, thereby driving the two trapezoidal blocks 19 to move back to back into the two rectangular grooves, releasing the limiting effect on the rectangular clamping plate 18. At this time, the bottom end of the semicircular column 17 just contacts the inner wall of the bottom end of the pit, thereby playing a supporting role; When the rectangular clamping plate 18 continues to move downward after the limit is released, it can drive the lifting column 36 to move downward synchronously, and through the connection effect of the first connecting rod 37, drive the T-shaped slider 33 to move synchronously. When the T-shaped slider 33 moves horizontally, through the connection effect of the second connecting rod 50, it can drive the soil repair knife 49 to move horizontally upward under the limiting effect of the U-shaped top plate 48, and release the sealing limit of the ring knife 47. While the T-shaped slider 33 moves, it can drive the telescopic sleeve 38 and the electromagnet 40 to move horizontally. Through the avoidance effect of the circular cavity, the telescopic rod 39 can be kept stationary for a period of time to prevent the soil repair knife 49 from not being fully opened and interfering with the horizontal movement of the ring knife 47. When the electromagnet 40 contacts the limiting iron sheet 41, the extrusion effect of the telescopic sleeve 38 can drive the telescopic rod 39, the directional cylinder 42, and the ring knife 47 to move horizontally until the ring knife 47 and the directional cylinder 42 are completely driven into the soil wall. When the directional cylinder 42 moves horizontally, the electromagnet 40 can be energized through the induction effect of the sensor 46, so that it can achieve adsorption with the limiting iron sheet 41, and at the same time, an electrical signal is sent to the electric telescopic rod 53 to drive the soil cutting knife 54 to move downward and insert it into the ground to cut off the soil at the end of the ring knife 47. After cutting, the cylinder 16 is started to drive the rectangular clamping plate 18 to move upward, and the connecting rod 16 is connected to the connecting rod 16 to connect the connecting rod 16 to the connecting rod 16. The telescopic sleeve 38 is driven to reset by the contact of the electromagnet 40 and the limit iron sheet 41, and the directional cylinder 42 can be driven to move synchronously, until the directional cylinder 42 contacts the sensor 46, and the electric telescopic rod 53 drives the soil cutting knife 54 to move upward and reset. At the same time, the electromagnet 40 is powered off, and the adsorption with the limit iron sheet 41 is released, so that when the telescopic sleeve 38 continues to move, the telescopic rod 39 can remain stationary through the avoidance effect of the circular cavity to prevent jamming. When the telescopic sleeve 38 and the T-shaped slider 33 continue to move, they can drive the soil trimming knife 49 to move downward and reset, and automatically trim the soil at the end of the ring knife 47; When the rectangular card plate 18 moves to the inner wall at the top of the transmission groove, the semicircular column 17 is driven to move upward by squeezing the inner wall at the top of the transmission groove. Under the action of gravity and the elastic action of the two compression springs 21, the two L-shaped squeezing plates 22 and the two trapezoidal blocks 19 are driven to reset, and the rectangular card plate 18 is re-limited. Then the side cover 51 is opened, and the directional cylinder 42 is pulled outward horizontally to be taken out of the transmission cavity. After a simple wipe, it is quickly placed in the measuring device body 55 for soil porosity detection. The entire sampling process is simple and convenient, which greatly improves the sampling efficiency of the staff, facilitates direct measurement after sampling under forest and field conditions, prevents water loss in the soil, and improves measurement accuracy.

[0031] The above embodiments only express one or several implementation modes of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for a person of ordinary skill in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention patent shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A forest soil porosity detection device, characterized in that: include: Workbench (1), measuring device body (55); A slide plate (2), wherein a slide assembly is arranged on the inner wall opposite to the workbench (1), and the slide plate (2) is fixedly connected to the slide assembly; A drilling mechanism is arranged on the slide plate (2), comprising a drill rod (8), a sliding hole is provided at the top of the slide plate (2), the drill rod (8) is slidably arranged in the sliding hole and is rotatably connected to the sliding hole, a blade (9) is provided on the outer wall of the peripheral side of the bottom end of the drill rod (8), and a driving assembly is provided at the top end of the drill rod (8); a positioning mechanism connected to the slide plate (2), comprising an L-shaped mounting plate (15), a cylinder (16), a semicircular column (17), and a clamping assembly, wherein the L-shaped mounting plate (15) is fixedly mounted on a side of the slide plate (2), the cylinder (16) is fixedly arranged on the top of the L-shaped mounting plate (15), a transmission groove is formed at the bottom of the semicircular column (17), and an output end of the cylinder (16) extends into the transmission groove and is limited by the clamping assembly; a scraping mechanism connected to the L-shaped mounting plate (15), comprising an L-shaped scraper (24), a cleaning roller brush (31), and a linkage assembly, wherein the L-shaped scraper (24) is fixedly mounted on a side of the semicircular column (17), a cleaning groove is provided on the side of the L-shaped scraper (24), and the cleaning roller brush (31) is disposed in the cleaning groove and connected to the clamping assembly via the linkage assembly; A sampling mechanism is connected to the L-shaped mounting plate (15), the clamping assembly, and the L-shaped scraper (24), and comprises a square block (32), a T-shaped slider (33), an oriented tube (42), a ring knife (47), a limit assembly, a transmission assembly, a telescopic assembly, a sensing assembly, and a soil repair assembly. A transmission cavity is provided in the square block (32), and a rectangular hole is provided on the top inner wall of the transmission cavity. The T-shaped slider (33) is slidably arranged in the rectangular hole through the limit assembly and is connected to the clamping assembly through the transmission assembly. The T-shaped slider (33) is connected to the oriented tube (42) through the telescopic assembly. The peripheral outer wall of the ring knife (47) is threadedly connected to the peripheral inner wall of the oriented tube (42). The soil repair assembly is respectively arranged on the square block (32) and the L-shaped mounting plate (15). The sensing assembly is arranged in the transmission cavity and is electrically connected to the oriented tube (42), the telescopic assembly, and the soil repair assembly.

2. A forest soil porosity detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sliding assembly comprises two rectangular sliders (7), the opposite inner walls of the workbench (1) are provided with sliding grooves, the opposite inner walls of the two sliding grooves are rotatably mounted with screw rods (3), the outer walls of the peripheral sides of the two screw rods (3) are fixedly sleeved with sprocket wheels (4), and the two sprocket wheels (4) are jointly meshed with chains (5), a moving motor (6) is fixedly mounted on the side of the workbench (1), the output shaft of the moving motor (6) is connected to the end of one of the screw rods (3), the two rectangular sliders (7) are respectively threadedly mounted on the two screw rods (3), and the opposite side portions of the two rectangular sliders (7) are respectively fixedly connected to the two side portions of the slide plate (2).

3. A forest soil porosity detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The driving assembly comprises an I-shaped circular plate (10), a drilling motor (11) is fixedly mounted on the top of the I-shaped circular plate (10), an output shaft of the drilling motor (11) extends outside the I-shaped circular plate (10) and is fixedly connected to the top of the drill rod (8), an annular plate (12) is fixedly sleeved on the peripheral outer wall of the I-shaped circular plate (10), two handles (13) are provided on the peripheral outer wall of the annular plate (12), and an L-shaped support block (14) is provided on the top of the slide plate (2), and the L-shaped support block (14) is compatible with the two handles (13).

4. A forest soil porosity detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping assembly comprises a rectangular clamping plate (18), the rectangular clamping plate (18) being slidably arranged in the transmission groove, the top of the rectangular clamping plate (18) being fixedly connected to the output end of the cylinder (16), the opposite inner walls of the transmission groove being provided with rectangular grooves, the side inner walls of the two rectangular grooves being fixedly provided with limit shafts (20), the peripheral outer walls of the two limit shafts (20) being slidably provided with trapezoidal clamping blocks (19), the two trapezoidal clamping blocks (19) being adapted to the rectangular clamping plate (18), the peripheral outer walls of the two limit shafts (20) being sleeved with compression springs (21), and the transmission groove being provided with extrusion units adapted to the two trapezoidal clamping blocks (19) respectively.

5. A forest soil porosity detection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The extrusion unit comprises an L-shaped extrusion plate (22), the inner wall of the side of the transmission groove is provided with an L-shaped lifting groove, the top inner wall of the L-shaped lifting groove is fixedly provided with a guide shaft (23), the L-shaped extrusion plate (22) is slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the peripheral side of the guide shaft (23), and the top of the L-shaped extrusion plate (22) is provided with an inclined surface and is compatible with the trapezoidal clamping block (19).

6. A forest soil porosity detection device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The linkage assembly comprises a rotating rod (25) and a rotating shaft (26). The two ends of the rotating shaft (26) are respectively rotatably mounted on opposite inner walls of the cleaning groove. The side inner wall of the cleaning groove and the side inner wall of the L-shaped lifting groove are jointly provided with a through hole. The rotating rod (25) is rotatably mounted in the through hole. One end of the rotating rod (25) extends into the L-shaped lifting groove and is fixedly sleeved with a gear (27). A rack (28) is fixedly provided on the side of the L-shaped extrusion plate (22). The rack (28) is meshingly mounted with the gear (27). The other end of the rotating rod (25) extends into the cleaning groove and is fixedly sleeved with a driving bevel gear (29). A driven bevel gear (30) is fixedly sleeved on the peripheral outer wall of the rotating shaft (26). The driving bevel gear (29) is meshingly mounted with the driven bevel gear (30).

7. A forest soil porosity detection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The limiting assembly comprises two limiting sliders (35), the opposite inner walls of the rectangular hole are provided with limiting grooves (34), the two limiting sliders (35) are slidably mounted in the two limiting grooves (34), and the opposite side portions of the two limiting sliders (35) are fixedly connected to the inner walls of the two sides of the T-shaped slider (33), respectively. The transmission assembly comprises a lifting column (36), the side portion of the transmission groove is provided with a lifting hole, the lifting column (36) is slidably arranged in the lifting hole, the side portion of the lifting column (36) is fixedly connected to the side portion of the rectangular clamping plate (18), and a first connecting rod (37) is rotatably mounted on the bottom of the lifting column (36), and the other end of the first connecting rod (37) is rotatably mounted on the top of the T-shaped slider (33).

8. The forest soil porosity detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The telescopic assembly comprises a telescopic sleeve (38), one end of the telescopic sleeve (38) is fixedly mounted on the side of the T-shaped slider (33), a circular cavity is formed in the telescopic sleeve (38), a circular hole is formed on the inner wall of the end of the circular cavity, a telescopic rod (39) is slidably mounted in the circular hole, one end of the telescopic rod (39) extends into the circular cavity and is provided with an adsorption unit, a clamping block (43) is fixedly mounted on the other end of the telescopic rod (39), a fixing block (44) is fixedly mounted on the end of the directional cylinder (42), a clamping groove matched with the clamping block (43) is formed on the side of the fixing block (44), and the clamping block (43) is clamped in the clamping groove. The adsorption unit comprises a limiting iron sheet (41), the limiting iron sheet (41) is fixedly mounted on the end of the telescopic rod (39), an electromagnet (40) is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the end of the circular cavity, a fixing plate (45) is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the bottom of the transmission cavity, a sensor (46) is arranged on the side of the fixing plate (45), the sensor (46) is matched with the fixing block (44), the sensor (46) is electrically connected with the electromagnet (40), a square hole is opened on the side of the square block (32), a side cover (51) is hingedly mounted in the square hole, and the side cover (51) is matched with the position of the directional cylinder (42) and the ring knife (47).

9. A forest soil porosity detection device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The soil trimming assembly comprises a soil trimming knife (49) and a soil cutting knife (54). A U-shaped top plate (48) is fixedly arranged on the top of the square block (32). The opposite inner walls of the U-shaped top plate (48) are provided with sliding grooves. The soil trimming knife (49) is slidably mounted in the two sliding grooves. A second connecting rod (50) is rotatably mounted on one side of the soil trimming knife (49). The other end of the second connecting rod (50) is rotatably mounted on the side of the T-shaped slider (33). A soil trimming knife (49) is provided on the top of the square block (32) and is connected to the transmission chamber. A soil hole, the soil trimming knife (49) is slidably arranged in the soil trimming hole, one side of the soil trimming knife (49) is fitted with the end of the ring knife (47), a rectangular plate (52) is fixedly arranged on the top inner wall of the L-shaped mounting plate (15), a mounting groove is provided at the bottom of the rectangular plate (52), an electric telescopic rod (53) is arranged on the top inner wall of the mounting groove, an output end of the electric telescopic rod (53) is fixedly connected to the top of the soil trimming knife (54), and the electric telescopic rod (53) is electrically connected to the sensor (46).

10. A detection method applied to the forest soil porosity detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The steps include: S1, move the device to a suitable position, drill a hole in the ground through the drilling mechanism, and then drive the slide plate (2) to move horizontally through the sliding assembly, so that the semicircular column (17) moves to the top of the pit; S2, starting the cylinder (16), driving the semicircular column (17) to move downward under the action of the clamping assembly, and through the action of the scraping mechanism, the inner wall of the pit can be scraped and leveled to make the inner wall flat, and through the rotation of the cleaning roller brush (31), the surface floating soil can be cleaned to improve the sampling effect; S3, when the semicircular column (17) moves to the inner wall of the bottom end of the earth pit, it continues to move downward through the clamping assembly, which can drive the T-shaped slider (33), the directional cylinder (42), and the ring knife (47) to move horizontally, and when the T-shaped slider (33) moves, the directional cylinder (42) and the ring knife (47) can be driven into the inner wall of the earth pit through the coordinated action of the transmission assembly, the sensing assembly, and the soil repair assembly, thereby realizing the sampling function; S4. After the directional cylinder (42) and the ring cutter (47) are driven into the inner wall of the soil pit, the directional cylinder (42) and the ring cutter (47) are synchronously reset by resetting the clamping assembly, and the soil at the end of the ring cutter (47) is leveled under the action of the soil repairing assembly. Then, after the semicircular column (17) is reset, the directional cylinder (42) and the ring cutter (47) are removed and placed in the measuring device body (55) for measurement.

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