331 results about "Uv vis absorbance" patented technology

The invention discloses a method for automatically monitoring water quality indexes on line and a device for implementing the method. A method of combining an ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy and various sensors is adopted, dozens of water quality indexes including chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen can be measured at one time, measurement indexes can be configured in a building block mode according to requirements, and chemical agents are not required. According to the device, the constructed digital optical fiber spectrometer is taken as a core, ultraviolet and visible absorption spectrum data of a water sample is processed in a mode of sequentially combining wavelet de-noising, principal component analysis and a support vector machine, and water quality indexes such as chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand of water are acquired. Various physical and electrochemical sensors acquire water quality indexes such as ammonia nitrogen, dissolved oxygen and conductivity. All hardware and software for implementing the method is put in a cabinet to form the device, and the device analyzes the introduced water sample under the control of an embedded industrial control computer system, and automatically monitors the water quality indexes in real time.

There is provided a compound represented by a specific formula, which has an absorption maximum at 400 nm or more and less than 720 nm in a UV-visible absorption spectrum, wherein a molar extinction coefficient is 10,000 mol−1·l·cm−1 or more at the absorption maximum wavelength, and a difference between a melting point and a deposition temperature (a melting point−a deposition temperature) is 31° C. or more.

The invention provides novel use of a cyanine dye in the detection of a G-quadruplex DNA. The detection of the G-quadruplex DNA by using the cyanine dye has the advantages of simplicity, quickness and relatively low prices and overcomes the drawbacks of the prior detection technology such as long period, high price and high technical and equipment requirements. The use of the cyanine dye in the detection of the G-quadruplex DNA makes whether a DNA sample in solution has a G-quadruplex structure or a linear double helical structure determined quickly by a UV-visible absorption spectrum, fluorescence spectrum or confocal laser scanning microscopy. By using confocal laser scanning microscopy, the DNA sample assembled on the surface of Au can be marked visually, so the structure of the DNA sample can be recognized and the specific assembly position of the DNA sample on the surface of the Au can be marked at the same time.

The invention relates to a method for visually detecting alkaline phosphatase. The method comprises the following steps: catalyzing a substrate p-aminophenol phosphate (p-APP) through the alkaline phosphatase to generate a substance p-aminophenol (p-AP) with strong reducing property; reducing Ag<+> into AgO through the p-AP in the presence of nanogold, and depositing the AgO on the surface of the nanogold to form Au / Ag nano-particles, so that the enzymatic activity can be detected according to the color change of a colloidal gold solution and the change of an ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum. By the combination of enzymatic metallization and nanogold induced silver deposition, the ultrahigh-sensitivity method for visually detecting the alkaline phosphatase is established and has the characteristics of simplicity in operation, high specificity, high sensitivity, no need of a complicated instrument and the like.

The invention discloses full-bloom flower-shaped gold nanoparticle and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: by adopting hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC) as a surfactant, reducing chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) by utilizing ascorbic acid (AA); and preparing the full-bloom shaped flower-form gold nanoparticle by one step without seeds by controlling the concentration of the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC). Characterization results of a scanning electron microscope show that the prepared gold nanoparticle is shaped like a full-bloom flower; moreover, the product is uniform and the mono-dispersion is good; the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum shows that the surface plasmon resonance peak of the flower-form gold nanoparticle is in a near-infrared area; technical characterization results of surface enhanced raman scattering prove that the flower-form nanoparticle has better surface-enhanced performances.

The invention discloses a dual-functional probe and a preparation method and application in detection of a G-quadruplex structure thereof. The probe is simple to prepare, readily available, and stable in structure, and can be used for the specific detection of G-quadruplex nucleic acid secondary structure, and fast detection of the secondary structure of a DNA sample in a solution according to an ultraviolet and visible absorption spectrum, a fluorescence spectrophotometer, or direct visual inspection of naked eyes. The method for detecting the G-quadruplex nucleic acid secondary structure by the probe has the advantages of simple and convenient operation, excellent and fast selectivity, and visibility by naked eyes, and overcomes the defects of high cost and equipment requirement, relatively complex technical operation and the like of other detection methods.

The invention discloses an analytical method of multi-source spectrum fusion water quality. The method takes an ultraviolet / visible absorption spectrum signal and a multi-dimensional fluorescence emission spectrum signal of a water sample to be tested as input, and respectively adopts independent component pretreatment method to extract characteristic signals, remove interference information and obtain characteristic signals of the spectrums. According to the contribution of the characteristic signals of the spectrums to a water quality analyzing model, and aiming at avoiding information hiding, the combined characteristic signal number of the two types of spectrums is determined, the characteristic signals are combined into a spectrum characteristic signal federated data set, and the optimal spectrum configuration combination is solved. Based on an improved support vector machine algorithm, a Boosting method is adopted for modeling, and the optimal spectrum fusion water quality analyzing model is obtained by combining a plurality of modeling results. Based on the spectrum characteristic signal federated data set, the computation model is adopted to compute the comprehensive organic substance pollution index value of the water sample to be tested. The method has the remarkable advantages of high analyzing accuracy, high analysis speed, no pollution of chemical agent, simple operation and maintenance and the like.

The invention relates to a novel red BODIPY fluorescent dye with the chemical formula of C10+mH7+nBF2N2+xOy, wherein m, n, x and y are integers from 0 to 100. The preparation method comprises the following steps: dissolving pyrrole with substituent groups R1, R2 and R3 in an organic solution; adding ethyl glyoxylate together with nitrogen to the organic solution for a chemical reaction by using trifluoroacetic acid or toluenesulfonic acid as a catalyst; adding 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone oxidative dehydrogenation; and adding organic amine and a boron trifluoride diethyl ether solution for another reaction. After the reaction solution is concentrated, chromatography is performed with a silicagel column to obtain the fluorescent dye. The fluorescent dye can be used for cell imaging, fluorescent probe or laser dye. The fluorescent dye has the advantages that the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum and the fluorescence emission spectrum of the fluorescent dye are narrow; fluorescent quanta has high efficiency and good light stability; and the fluorescent dye has simple molecular structure and can be synthesized easily, so as to facilitate popularization and application.

The invention relates to a strong fluorescence fluoro-boron dipyrrole compound containing a triphenylamine structure as well as a preparation method and an application thereof, belonging to the technical fields of organic chemical industry and fine chemical industry. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: weighing and dissolving formyl substituted triphenylamine and 2,4-dimethyl pyrrolo in a dry dissolvent under the protection of inert atmosphere; adding a catalyst; reacting at a room temperature in a dark place for 6-10 hours; then adding an oxidant; reacting at room temperature for 20-40 minutes; and finally adding organic amine and a boron triflouride complex compound and reacting for 3-8 hours, thus obtaining the strong fluorescence fluoro-boron dipyrrole compound containing a triphenylamine structure. The synthetic method is simple and convenient, and the synthetic compound serves as a laser dye and has relatively high solution pumping laser efficiency, narrowed ultraviolet and visible absorption spectrum and fluorescence emission spectrum, high fluorescence quantum efficiency and good light stability.

The invention discloses a detection method for hexavalent chromium ions in an aqueous solution system. The detection method is based on the effect that the hexavalent chromium ions selectively etch Au core-Ag shell nanoparticles, resulting in the change of resonance absorption of plasmas on the surfaces of the Au core-Ag shell nanoparticles, then the color, ultraviolet visible absorption strength and the peak of the Au core-Ag shell nanoparticle solution are changed, so that whether the solution system contains the hexavalent chromium ions or not, and the content of the hexavalent chromium ions can be quickly detected through the visual inspection of color change of the solution and the change of absorption strength and peak tested by an ultraviolet visible light photometric and spectrum instrument. The detection method for hexavalent chromium ions has the advantages of simplicity and convenience in operation, low cost, high sensitivity and wide application range, and the like.

The invention discloses a photoresponse ionic liquid and a preparation method thereof. The structural formula of the ionic liquid is as follows. The ionic liquid contains photoresponse azobenzene groups, can maintain good photochromic (isomerous) performance under the condition of solution and pure liquid, can realize physiochemical properties of the ionic liquid such as ultraviolet visual absorption spectrum, fluorescence emission spectrum and reversible change of conductivity under the action of light, and can be taken as a superior information storage material, an optical switch molecular device material, an electrically conductive photochromic (isomerous) material and a photosensitive material.

The invention discloses a rhodamine derivative and a preparation method and application thereof. The rhodamine derivative is prepared by reacting rhodamine hydrazide and 4-chloro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxaoxadiazole in the presence of an acid binding agent. The Cu<2+> and Fe<3+> can be respectively detected at high selectivity and high sensitivity. The designed and synthesized structure is short in synthetic route and mild in reaction conditions, the obtained derivative can be used for an aqueous phase system, and the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum and fluorescence spectrum are insensitive to the acid-base property of the system.

The invention provides an efficient extraction and determination method of carotenoids from Rosa spp petals. The method comprises the following steps: a, preparing a carotenoid standard solution; b, preparing a to-be-detected carotenoid sample solution; c, performing HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) analysis; d, performing LC-MS (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry) analysis to obtain mass spectrum information of carotenoids in the Rosa spp petals; e, identifying the structure of the carotenoids in a Rosa spp petal sample according to retention time, UV-Vis absorption spectrogram, a mass spectrogram, a carotenoid standard substance and literature; f, performing quantitative analysis on the carotenoids in the Rosa spp petals according to a linear regression equation of thecarotenoid standard substance. The method has the advantages of low sample consumption, high extraction efficiency, good result repeatability, accurate and reliable data, and is an excellent method suitable for extraction and qualitative and quantitative analysis of the carotenoids in the Rosa spp petals.

The invention discloses a fluorescent probe, which is prepared by the following method. The method comprises the steps of: firstly, purifying fluorescence quantum dots synthesized in a carboxymethyl chitosan template, and connecting the fluorescence quantum dots with IgG (Immunoglobulin G) antibodies of a human by coupling effect of carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide eater; and then separating and purifying by using a sephadex column to obtain the fluorescent probe of the fluorescence quantum dots synthesized by immune-modified carboxymethyl chitosan. The invention further discloses a method for detecting staphylococcus aureus by using the fluorescent probe, comprising the detailed steps of: culturing the fluorescent probe and bacteria to be detected for 30 minutes, removing the fluorescent probe with nonspecific absorption by a plurality of times of centrifugal washing, finally, suspending bacteria marked by the fluorescent probe in a phosphate buffer solution, determining the fluorescence intensity and absorption intensity of bacterial suspension by adopting fluorescence spectrum and ultraviolet and visible absorption spectrum, and realizing quantitative determination of the staphylococcus aureus according to linear relation of the fluorescence intensity and the concentration of the bacterial suspension. The method disclosed by the invention is clean, simple and rapid and is suitable for being applied in rapid detection under emergency.

The invention provides a receptor compound--2-cyanogroup-3-(5-(4-nitrobenzophenone)-2-furyl) acrylonitrile for detecting CN- by colorimetry-fluorescence two channels. The recognition effect of the receptor compound to nine anions such as F-, Cl-, Br-, I-, Ac-, H2PO4-, HSO4-, ClO4-, Cn-and the like is researched by the colorimetric method, the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy and the fluorescent spectrometry. The result shows that the receptor compound can independently select the colorimetry-fluorescence two channels in DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide)-H2O to identify the cyanide ion, and is very high in the detection sensitivity of CN-, wherein the lowest detection limit can reach to 1*10<-8> mol. L<-1>. Furthermore, the invention further prepares a receptor-based cyanogen detection test paper, so that the cyanide ion in the DMSO-H2O can be conveniently and quickly detected by means of colorimetry-fluorescence.

The invention relates to a detection kit for detecting virus and a virus detection method. An immune magnetic ball is used as a solid carrier, a biotinylation antibody and alkaline phosphatase (SA-ALP) labeled by a streptavidin marker are used as signal markers, a magnetic immune sandwich compound is formed on the surface of the immune magnetic ball, a substrate is catalyzed to be hydrolyzed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) on the surface of the magnetic immune sandwich compound to produce a substance with strong reduction property, so that Ag+ is reduced to be AgO, and the AgO is deposited on the surface of nano gold to form Au / Ag nano particles, so that the target pathogene can be qualitatively and quantitatively detected by utilizing the color variation of colloid gold solution and the variation of an ultraviolet visible absorption spectroscopy. The invention also provides a detection kit for the method. According to the method, the magnetic immune analysis and the enzymatic metallization colorimetry are combined and the virus can be sensitively, rapidly and visibly detected.

The invention relates to the field of nano materials, in particular to a preparation method and application of a functional photoacoustic probe based on assembly of gold nanoparticles. The preparation method of the functional photoacoustic probe includes the steps that peptide chains with one ends of -SH, the other ends of biotin and the middle parts of specific sequences DEVD are used for modification of the surfaces of the gold nanoparticles, meanwhile, functional micromolecules with one ends of -SH and the other ends of streptavidin are used for modification of the surfaces of gold nanorods, and the self-assembly process of the gold nanorods and the gold nanoparticles is completed by the specific biological coupling reaction of the streptavidin and the biotin. As an apoptosis enzyme caspase-3 can recognize and lyse the specific sequences DEVD of the peptide chains, the gold nanorods are separated from the gold nanoparticles, so that ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra and photoacoustic imaging signal strength begin to change; thus production of caspase-3 in tumor cells can be monitored with the method of photoacoustic imaging so as to judge the apoptosis process of the tumor cells after treatment, and the functional photoacoustic probe is also used for evaluating the effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, which has great significance in clinical medicine and disease diagnosis.

A method for using gold nanoparticles to detect single-stranded DNA base mutation relates to a detection of gene mutation and is provided. Colloidal gold is prepared to react with the single-stranded DNA to form the colloidal gold and a single-stranded DNA composite system; hydrochloride is added and the color of the composite system turns from red to purple or blue. Whether the single-stranded DNA mutates or not is judged by making use of the sequence differences between a wild-type single-stranded DNA and a mutant single-stranded DNA and through the final color changes of the composite system or the differences of the positions of the maximum absorption peak red shift of ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra. Both the single-stranded DNA and the gold nanoparticles can detect single base mutation without any decoration or special device; the lowest detection limit is 10 fmol and detection results can be given within 30 minutes. The method has the advantages of convenience, rapidness, low cost, high sensitivity, high specificity, strong practicality and so on and has big clinical application potential.

The invention discloses an iron oxide / bismuth tungstate composite photocatalyst, a preparation method of the iron oxide / bismuth tungstate composite photocatalyst and the application of the iron oxide / bismuth tungstate composite photocatalyst. The iron oxide / bismuth tungstate composite photocatalyst has a Fe2O3 / Bi2WO6 XRD (X-ray diffraction) diffraction pattern as shown in Figure 1 of the specification and a composite morphology as shown in Figure 2 of the specification. 10-30nm of Fe2O3 nano-particles are precipitated on the surface of Bi2WO6 by a soaking-low temperature roasting technology. The invention represents the change of the structure, the morphology, the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum and the fluorescence spectrum of the material before and after being modified in details, and researches the catalytic degradation of the visible light of the iron oxide / bismuth tungstate composite photocatalyst to the activity of the dyestuff rhodamine B (RhB). The result shows that Fe2O3 particles with the mean grain sizes of 20nm are dispersed on the surface of a nanosheet unit of a Bi2WO6 superstructure, the visible light response range of the Fe2O3 / Bi2WO6 composite photocatalyst is obvious in bathochromic shift, and the composition probability of photon-generated carriers can be effectively restrained as well. When the toasting temperature is low temperature of 200DGE C, and the Fe element content is 0.1% (wt%), the photocatalytic activity is optimal, and the efficiency of the visible-light catalytic degradation RhB can be improved by 20% compared with that of the un-composited visible-light catalytic degradation RhB.

The invention discloses a novel water-soluble polymer capable of selectively recognizing mercury ion; the structural formula of the novel water-soluble polymer is as shown in the specification, wherein R1 is hydrogen or alkyl; R2 is hydrogen, alkyl or hydroxyalkyl; the molecular weight is 1.6*10<4> to 5.5*10<6> g / mol; and the ratio of m to n is (100-200):1. The invention further discloses a synthetic method of the polymer. The novel water-soluble polymer is prepared by copolymerizing a tetraphenyl porphyrin monomer AOTPP and an acrylamide monomer through radical polymerization reaction. The invention further discloses application of the polymer. The polymer is capable of highly selectively detecting mercury ion in aqueous solution through a common ultraviolet-visible absorptionspectromtry and a steady-state fluorescence emission spectrometry.

The invention discloses a preparation method and the near-infrared light-emitting property of a dual-core Ru complex, as well as application of a pH sensor. The application comprises the following steps: calculating light-emitting quantum efficiencies at different pH values by measuring ultraviolet visible absorption spectrums and ultraviolet visible emission spectrums of the dual-core Ru complex at the pH values, and drawing a standard working curve by taking the pH values as abscissa values and the light-emitting quantum efficiencies as ordinate values, so as to detect the pH of an unknown water sample. The application is high in sensitivity and easy to operate.

The invention discloses a method for detecting trivalent chromium ions in a water solution system. Based on complexation of gold nanoparticles modified by phosphate groups and the trivalent chromium ions, resonance absorption of surface plasmas of the gold nanoparticles is changed, and colors, ultraviolet-visible absorption strength and peak values of gold nanoparticle solution are changed, so that whether the solution system contains the trivalent chromium ions or not can be rapidly detected by directly observing change of the colors of the solution with naked eyes or testing change of the absorption strength and the peak values of the solution through an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer. The method has the advantages of simplicity and convenience in operation, low cost, high sensitivity, wide applicable range and the like. In addition, the method not only is applicable to detecting the trivalent chromium ions in the water solution system, but also can be used for rapidly detecting whether the water solution system contain total-chromium particles or not after indirectly reducing hexavalent chromium ions in the water solution system into the trivalent chromium ions.

The invention discloses an application of a color development method based on nanogold aggregation to immunodetection. A compound containing terminal alkynyl is used for modifying nanogold, the modified functional nanogold can actively respond to silver ions or cuprous ions, and silver ions or cuprous ions are added, so that the modified functional nanogold produces a color development reaction due to different aggregation degrees, that is to say, a nanogold solution becomes blue from originally red; the color development reaction produced by the functional nanogold due to different aggregation degrees is applied to the immunodetection, and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrums have a change due to different aggregation degrees of the nanogold, so that the changeable absorption spectrums can be measured through an instrument and quantitative detection in the immunodetection is realized. The ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrums in the color development reaction can be not only observed through naked eyes but also represented through the instrument, and the color development method has positive help for chemical detection, especially the immunodetection.

The invention relates to the field of optical functional materials, and more specifically relates to an infrared BODIPY fluorochrome. The fluorochrome has a structure shown in a formula (1), wherein R1 and R2 are mutually independent and selected from C1-C10 alkyl, aromatic bases or heterocyclic aromatic bases; R3 is one of H atom, C1-C10 alkyl or aromatic bases. The fluorochrome has the advantages of narrow ultraviolet visible absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence emission spectrum, high molar absorption coefficient, high fluorescence quantum efficiency, good light stability, trace detection, and high sensitivity; and the fluorochrome can be applied to cell imaging, fluorescence probe, laser dye, fluorescence sensor and near infrared dynamics, and different application fields with good practicality.

The invention relates to a method for green synthesis of nanogold through kiwi fruit juice. Chloroauric acid (0.01% m / v) is used before a reaction and reacts with the kiwi fruit juice to compound fuchsia nanogold, and under the normal pressure condition, nanogold materials are prepared through different experiment conditions (juice adding amounts and reaction temperatures). Results of an ultraviolet visible absorption spectrum and a transmission electron microscope prove that the grain size of the compounded nanogold materials can be controlled through reaction conditions. The green synthesis method does not need other large devices, the method is simple, the amount of raw materials is small, the reaction condition is moderate, and cost is low.

The invention discloses a method for simultaneously determining aniline and formaldehyde in water based on ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra, belonging to the field of water quality index detection. The method mainly comprises the following steps: preparing standard solutions and a mixed standard solution; drawing ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra and determining optimal absorption wavelength; calculating an absorption coefficient at the optimal absorption wavelength; and calculating the concentrations of aniline and formaldehyde in a sample to be detected. Thus, the method realizes the function of simultaneous determination of aniline and formaldehyde.

The invention provides a benzimidazole quinoline derivative, a preparation method and application in copper ion detection, and particularly relates to a 2-(4-N,N-bis-substituted styryl)-8-1H-benzimidazole) quinoline derivative. Particularly, 2-aminobenzoic acid is used for preparing 2-methylquinoline-8-carboxylic acid, then the 2-methylquinoline-8-carboxylic acid and o-phenylenediamine are subjected to condensation to obtain 2-methyl-8-(2-benzimidazolyl) quinoline, the 2-methyl-8-(2-benzimidazolyl) quinoline and N,N-bis-substituted benzaldehyde are subjected to condensation to obtain the benzimidazole quinoline derivative. A probe has the good complexation with copper ions, when the copper ions exist, derivation of the solution is observed with naked eyes, and the solution is changed from yellow to purple, absorption at the 418 nm position on an ultraviolet visible absorption spectrum is weakened, and a novel absorption peak appears at the 550 nm and gradually increases when the concentration of the copper ions is increased; the benzimidazole quinoline derivative can be used for real-time and rapid measurement of complex samples and can also be used for semiquantitative detection of micro / trace Cu2+ of environment samples from different sources.

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a nano-silver probe for detecting mercury ions. The preparation method comprises the steps of stirring a sodium citrate-nano-silver solution at normal temperature, and adding a Tween20 solution while stirring to obtain the nano-silver probe. The application method of the nano-silver probe comprises the steps of adding the nano-silver probe into a sodium chloride solution, mixing uniformly, adding a solution to be detected into the mixed liquid for reacting at normal temperature, measuring ultraviolet and visible absorption spectrum of the product solution, judging whether the solution to be detected contains mercury ions according to the absorbance change, and calculating the concentration of the mercury ions according to a linear regression equation. The preparation method and the application process of the nano-silver probe are simple, the condition is mild, the cost is low, and the nano-silver probe is high in mercury ion detecting sensitivity, good in selectivity and high in absorptivity.

The invention discloses a quick nitrite detection method based on nanogold. The method comprises steps as follows: a standard solution containing nitrite is added to an acid aqueous solution of p-aminothiophenol, nanogold sol is added after a period of incubation, the nanogold sol is detected by an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum data are acquired, the specific value of the absorbance in 685 nm and 520 nm positions is taken as the longitudinal coordinate, the concentration of the standard solution containing the nitrite is taken as the horizontal coordinate, a standard curve of the nitrite is obtained through fitting, the A685 / A520 value of a to-be-detected solution containing nitrite is introduced into a function relation of the standard curve of the nitrite, and quantitative detection of the nitrite is realized. The method is simple in step, low in cost, good in selectivity, high in detection speed and broad in application prospect, the nanogold is not required to be modified, special instrument equipment is not required, the detection range of the nitrite concentration is wide, and convenient, quick and sensitive detection can be realized.

The invention discloses an electrochemical impedance and ultraviolet visible absorption spectrum combined analysis device and method. According to a measuring device, a conventional electrochemical workstation and an ultraviolet visible absorption spectrometer are connected through a signal collection / analysis instrument, intermediate products or adsorbates produced on the surfaces of electrodes in a complicated solid liquid interphase reaction are determined through simultaneous measurement research of electrochemical impedance and ultraviolet visible absorption spectrum impedance of the working electrodes in an electrochemical three-electrode system in a frequency domain, and evidence is provided for effectiveness of the intermediate products introduced in an electrochemical equivalent circuit. As for a complicated electrochemical reaction, a good support function is provided for conductive high-molecular polymer doping, metal corrosion and protection and reaction mechanism and reaction process research of an electrode solid liquid interphase, and the device and the method have a wide application prospect.