494 results about "Soil test" patented technology

The invention provides a device for preparing a light-weight remoulded soil sample in the technical field of civil engineering. The device comprises a main bracket structure and a loading system structure, wherein the main bracket structure is placed on a horizontal plane; the loading system structure is arranged inside the main bracket structure; the main bracket structure comprises an upper board, a lower board, a screw and nut component, a sample preparation barrel, a water-permeable stone and a groove-encircling board; and the loading system structure comprises a loading board, a bearing board, a pressurizing rod, a buckling board and an anti-inclination board. By the device, slush prepared from remoulded soil is poured into a device made of organic glass, and a static load is applied to the top to cure he soil sample so as to obtain a saturated remoulded soil test sample with uniform water content.

The invention discloses an optimized recommended fertilization method for soybeans. The recommended fertilization method includes the steps of: 1) determining the target yield of soil according to previous soybean yield level of soil; 2) determining the soil nutrient supply grade, soybean fertilization yield response and agronomical efficiency; 3) combining the target yield, yield response, agronomical efficiency and soil nutrient supply grade to calculate the recommended fertilization amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium needed by soybeans to achieve the target yield; and 4) conducting fertilization on soil according to the recommended fertilization amount. The method is based on soil basic nutrient supply, soybean nutrient demand, fertilizer yield response and agronomical efficiency, takes nutrient collaboratively optimized optimal nutrition management as the principle, simultaneously takes the balanced application of nutrients into account, performs analog calculation to give a reasonable recommended fertilization amount finally, and can be applied without soil testing conditions. The recommended fertilization method is not only suitable for the small farmer-oriented business model in China, but also can achieve the regional scale fertilizer recommendation, and is an important way to realize soybean production and efficiency increase and improvement of the comparative advantage.

Design manufacturing and application of a triaxial penetration tester of the invention breaks through the limitation of permeability coefficient testing in Standard for soil test method GB/T50123-1999 and Specification of soil test SL237-014-1999. According to the invention, the tester is designed based on a varying-head principle; with water head with a height of up to 47 m provided by an air compressor, a constant head can be used to process the test results. Coarse grained soil and fine grained soil can be calculated both by a constant head and by a varying head, and the results are of the same order of magnitude and are quite close to each other. The tester of the invention comprises an air compressor, a penetration tester frame, a triaxial penetration pressure chamber, a liquid level sensor, a test data collector and a receiver, a data processing software, and a computer. Data are read on-line, are stored automatically, and samples of 10-9 cm/s or lower can be tested. The tester of the invention can test permeability coefficients of undisturbed soil, disturbed soil, and additive mixtures of soil and cement. The sample preparation method is simple and practical; the test is rapid and convenient, and covers the application fields which require permeability coefficient testing in soil mechanics or materials science.

The invention relates to a testing device for vertical cyclic compression-lateral swing shearing dynamic loading. The testing device comprises a peripheral frame, a model case arranged in the peripheral frame, a loading unit for loading the model case and a data acquisition unit for acquiring testing data of a soil test sample in the model case, wherein the soil test sample fills the model case; the loading unit comprises a vertical dynamic load actuator which applies a vertical dynamic load, a lateral swing dynamic load actuator which applies a lateral swing horizontal shearing dynamic load and a lateral pressure loading unit which controls a confining stationary load of the model case. Compared with the prior art, the device provided by the invention can independently apply a horizontal rotating cyclic dynamic load to realize cyclic shearing dynamic load, and can be independently loaded or coupled with the vertical cyclic dynamic load. Moreover, the device is simple in structure, easy to assemble and detach and simple and convenient to operate in the experimental process.

The invention discloses a method for radish soil testing and formulated fertilization. Currently, farmers mainly use fertilizer in farming and fertilization, however, soil is hardened, the yield and the quality of crops are reduced, and environment problems of lost and unbalanced soil nutrient, non-point source pollution and soil acidification are caused. A soil test and a fertilizer field test serve as a basis, and according to radish fertilizer requirement laws, nutrient preserving capability and fertilizer response, the application amount, the application period and the application method of fertilizer such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, microelements and secondary elements are provided on the basis of reasonable organic fertilizer application. The scientific fertilizer application is applied in accordance with radish growth rules, the fertilizer utilization rate is improved, the soil fertility is improved, the soil pollution caused by improper fertilizer application is reduced, the biological environment is improved, and the radish yield and economic benefits are improved effectively.

The invention discloses a semi-automatic multifunctional soil test sample compaction device which comprises a bracket system, a power and control system, a model forming system and a sample compaction system, wherein the bracket system comprises a base, a side column and a top plate; the lower end of the side column is fixed on the base; the top plate is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the side column; the power and control system is arranged on the base; the model forming system is arranged on the power and control system; the sample compaction system is fixedly arranged on the top plate; the corresponding model forming system and the sample compaction system are selected to be arranged on a movable sample compaction platform and the top plate; a soil sample with a certain mass is put into the gap between an inner model forming cylinder and an outer model forming cylinder (or is put into the model forming cylinder) according to the corresponding test specification; then a displacement controller is operated to control a hydraulic system, so that the movable sample compaction platform ascends to a preset height, meanwhile, a sample compaction hammer goes deep into the model forming cylinder, soil particles on each layer are layered and compacted according to the required dry density, namely a remolded hollow cylindrical sample (or a solid cylindrical sample) is obtained.

The invention discloses a dynamic and static triaxial tester for frozen and thawed soil in an open system. The tester comprises a temperature control system, a water-replenishing system, a loading system, a confining pressure system, and a data acquisition system, wherein the temperature control system comprises a cold end socket, a warn end socket, a high and low-temperature constant-temperature liquid bath circulator, a porous pressure-transmitting medium, and a rubber film; the water-replenishing system comprises a water-replenishing tank, a water-replenishing bottle, and a high-intake value ceramic plate; the loading system comprises an exciter, a reaction frame, a test pedestal, a central force transmission rod, and a counterweight; the confining pressure system comprises a linear bearing, a pneumatic valve, an external pressure chamber, and an internal pressure chamber; and the data acquisition system comprises a displacement sensor, an annular liquid level calibration chamber, a dilatation measurement chamber, a differential pressure sensor, a piezoelectric force sensor, a temperature sensor, and a humidity sensor. The dynamic and static triaxial tester for the frozen and thawed soil in the open system disclosed by the invention can carry out a conventional frozen soil test involved in Code for Soil Test of Railway Engineering (TB10102-2010), an unidirectional freezing or thawing test for a specimen under the action of a dynamic load and different stress states, etc.

The invention discloses a rock and soil disintegration test device as well as a using method. A base is connected with fulcrum bars; a vertical stretching valve is connected with the fulcrum bars respectively; a fulcrum bar is provided with a horizontal stretching valve, and a second hook is hung on the fulcrum bar; one end of a spring-loaded thrust meter is connected with the second hook; the lower part of the other end of the spring-loaded thrust meter is connected with the hook; copper wires are fastened to four edge corners of a metal grid net, and at the other end, the copper wires are twisted into a strand to be hung on the hook; rock and soil test samples are placed on the metal grid net, and then are immersed into a flask. The using method of the rock and soil disintegration test device comprises the following steps: (1) a no-load test, namely pouring distilled water into the flask, and recording the reading number F0 on the spring-loaded thrust meter; (2) rock and soil test sample manufacture, namely manufacturing a soil test sample and a rock test sample respectively by a cutting ring and a cutter; (3) a disintegration test, namely placing the rock and soil test samples on the metal grid net, and immersing into water, thus completing the test; (4) data processing. The rock and soil disintegration test device is simple in structure, easy to assemble and debug, low in cost, high in precision, good in stability and high in applicability, and can be widely applied to rock and soil engineering science research.

A ball penetrometer probe for in situ measurement of soft soil properties, particularly in the seabed, comprises a spherical body and slender shaft assembly, and either individually or in combination, an anti-friction sleeve enclosing the shaft and/or a peripheral porous ring on the spherical body with connecting internal passages through the shaft assembly, the shaft being adapted to attach to an electronic transducer module. The ball penetrometer is deployed to penetrate the soil bed, to continuously measure the soil bearing forces resisting penetration and withdrawal of the ball, to optionally measure the pore water pressure of the soil in contact with the ball and to transmit the measurement data from the probe to a remote operating station, either by wireless means such as an acoustic transducer or via a wired electrical connection.

The invention provides a freeze-thawing and weathering environment simulation system for compacted soil and a test method of the freeze-thawing and weathering environment simulation system. The devicecomprises an LED fluorescent lamp, liquid nitrogen refrigerating circulating equipment, a freeze-thawing model box, nitrogen heating circulating equipment and wind making equipment which are placed on an experimental platform, wherein a soil test sample is arranged in an inner cavity of the freeze-thawing model box. During working, a computer controls the refrigerating circulating equipment, thenitrogen heating circulating equipment and the wind making equipment. A dynamic camera monitors a freezing character of the soil test sample. A test method of the device comprises test steps of arranging sensors, compacting the soil test sample, installing monitoring equipment, debugging a data acquisition processor and a freeze-thawing circulating controller and the like. The device can control the acting time of freeze thawing cycle to realize automation of winter frozen soil simulation, can observe and measure a displacement change of soil and can observe mesoscopic characteristics in a test process of the test sample.

The invention relates to a transparent soil test method for simulating groundwater seepage of a drawdown and confined aquifer of a foundation pit. The method comprises the following steps: filling a model box with a transparent material in layers; installing a drawdown well pipe, sealing bearing plates and a tracer agent tube and connecting a pressure measuring plate; injecting a liquid into the model box to ensure that the supplemental water level is stable and fixed in the test process; starting the drawdown well pipe, continuously adjusting the pumping speed to reach the drawdown requirements; after the pumping speed is stable, releasing a tracer agent into the model box and shooting the flowing state of the tracer agent by a high-speed camera; and measuring pore-water pressure and change of different layers in the measurement test process by a pore-pressure measuring device. According to the transparent soil test method, the seepage path of the flow at the periphery of a waterproof curtain can be directly observed; related parameters of the seepage path law, the seepage speed and the like can be accurately analyzed through a picture shot by the high-speed camera; and the seepage law of the underground water in foundation pit rainfall is obtained by changing the insertion ratio of diaphragm walls, the length of a pumping filter pipe and the plane and section distances between different diaphragm walls and the filter pipe.

The invention provides a sample preparation device for remoulded soil with different stress ratios. The device comprises a clamping unit, an upper fixing plate, a lower fixing plate, a confining pressure cover, an elastic membrane, a force transmission element, a first water-permeable element and a second water-permeable element, wherein the clamping unit comprises an upper clamping plate and a lower clamping plate; the upper clamping plate is provided with a hole; the upper fixing plate is provided with an upper hole matched with the hole; the lower fixing plate is provided with a lower hole having the same diameter as the upper hole; the two ends of the confining pressure cover are fixed on the upper fixing plate and the lower fixing plate respectively; the two ends of the elastic membrane are fixed at the peripheries of the upper hole and the lower hole in a defining manner respectively; and an outer wall of the force transmission element is clung to the elastic membrane. According to the sample preparation device for the remoulded soil with the different stress ratios, thin mud is poured into the sample preparation device, the force transmission element applies vertical pressure on the thin mud in the elastic membrane, and water in the confining pressure cover applies lateral pressure on the thin mud in the elastic membrane, so that the different stress ratios are controlled, a soil sample is solidified, and a remolded soil test sample with the uniform water content is obtained.

The invention discloses a surrounding rock deformation early-warning construction method for small-diameter tunnel full-section excavation. The surrounding rock deformation early-warning construction method for small-diameter tunnel full-section excavation comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out the earlier-stage geological survey and rock core sampling, finding out the position and the trend of a joint fissure of the terrane, determining parameters of surrounding rock through soil tests, classifying the surrounding rock and summarizing the types of the surrounding rock to form a list, and determining the design of the multipoint displacement meter installation scheme according to the results of the geological survey; (2) carrying out tunnel excavation and installation of multipoint displacement meters; (3) carrying out the middle-stage geological survey; (4) recording the installation time of the multipoint displacement meters; (5) determining a surrounding rock deformation early-warning value; (6) carrying out observation recording on data of the multipoint displacement meters, and determining remediation treatment measures of the dangerous section.

The invention discloses a penetration type microorganism uniformly-cured sandy soil sample preparation device. The penetration type microorganism uniformly-cured sandy soil sample preparation device comprises a capillary tube needle injection device, a microorganism solution pressure supplying device, a nutrient solution pressure supplying device and a liquid collection container, wherein the capillary tube needle injection device comprises a capillary tube needle and an organic glass splitting die; and the capillary tube needle is inserted into a sandy soil test sample to inject a microorganism solution. The microorganism solution pressure supplying device comprises a pressure controller and a solution isolation device, wherein the pressure controller carries out injection compression until the microorganism solution is injected into the capillary tube needle by the solution isolation device. The nutrient solution pressure supplying device comprises a water pump and a nutrient solution container; and the nutrient solution is pressurized by the water pump and then is injected to the sandy soil test sample from the bottom of the splitting die. After the microorganism solution and the nutrient solution are mixed, the mixed solution is discharged out from the top of the test sample to the liquid collection container; and meanwhile, calcium carbonate sediment generated by mixing the microorganism solution and the nutrient solution in the test sample can be used for reinforcing the sandy soil test sample. With the adoption of the penetration type microorganism uniformly-cured sandy soil sample preparation device, the calcium carbonate sediment can be relatively uniformly distributed in the sandy soil test sample.

The invention relates to a stratum geology interface instrument drilling induction recognition system, comprising a data induction unit, a data collection unit and a data analysis unit; the monitoring of the working parameters of a drilling machine and the monitoring of drilling parameters of a drilling bit are effectively combined by the system, on one hand, by monitoring the working pressure, temperature, flushing liquid and fuel oil of the drilling machine, the real-time monitoring, fault diagnosis and control management to the working state, oil consumption and heating state and the like of the drilling machine can be realized; on the other hand, by monitoring the drilling axial stress and vibration of the drilling bit, the stress of the drilling bit is analyzed in the drilling process, and stratal mechanical judgment and classification can be carried out to the penetrated geology material according to the drilling force without sampling, soil test and indoor rock-soil mechanical property test, and 2/3 of sampling and drilling time can be saved; the installation is easy, the operation is simple and the recognition precision is high.

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil test, and in particular relates to a novel triaxial test soil sample preparation system. The novel triaxial test soil sample preparation system comprises a compaction device, a sample striking barrel, a side-to-side clamping ring, a barrel opener and a planing brush. The sample striking barrel can be effectively fixed by the compaction device, and a striking hammer rod can be effectively controlled by the compaction device to be maintained perpendicular. The striking hammer rod is provided with scales, so that the height of a soil sample can be observed in real time. The inner wall of the sample striking barrel is coated with high-strength super-hydrophobic paint, so that the adhesion of water and soil particles on the wall of the sample striking barrel can be effectively reduced, and the barrel opening success rate can be greatly increased. Two convex rings are arranged on the outer side of the wall of the barrel and matched with the side-to-side clamping ring. The side-to-side clamping ring adopts a symmetric semicircular structure. The barrel opener is applicable to the sample striking barrel, the trivalve sample striking barrel can be opened by utilizing an identical force, the damage of the soil sample caused by non-uniformity of the stress when the barrel is opened can be avoided, and the barrel opening success rate can be increased. The diameter of the planing brush is identical to that of the sample striking barrel, and short steel wires are distributed on the surface of the planing brush. By adopting the novel triaxial test soil sample preparation system, the precision and efficiency for preparing a triaxial test soil sample can be effectively improved, and the barrel opening success rate can be increased.

The invention relates to an early warning method for a sudden gushing water danger of an undersea tunnel. The early warning method for the sudden gushing water danger of the undersea tunnel includes that step S1, using a geophysical exploration method and an advanced geological drilling method to extract rock and soil test samples, and performing indoor physical and mechanical tests and a penetration test; step S2, monitoring and measuring measured data, surrounding rock and vault sedimentation and side wall displacement in the field, and building a grey cusp catastrophe time forecasting model for the instability of a surrounding rock or surrounding rock-primary support system; step S3, obtaining surrounding rock support design parameters through a parabolic vertex numerical inverse analysis method; step S4, building a visco-elastic plastic model of the surrounding rock or surrounding rock-primary support system of the undersea tunnel under high pressure water based on an ABAQUS platform simulation software according to the step S1, step S2 and step S3 to early warn the danger. The early warning method for the sudden gushing water danger of the undersea tunnel is capable of improving the reasonable design, safe construction, comprehensive water bursting control and the like of the undersea tunnel of the soft cracked surrounding rock under high pressure water.

The invention discloses a method for calculating lime application amount in acidified soil. The soil test indexes include pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), Q<A1> and C<OM> according to an acidified soil plough layer testing result, and a calculation formula is that the lime application amount (tons/hectare) is equal to delta pH/(0.764+0.042*[H+]-0.016*CEC-0.097* Q<A1>-0.00928* C<OM>. The acquisition method of lime powder comprises the steps of: adding a few amount of water into limestone in a room to be naturally aired; screening the lime to be 100-mesh; weighing the screened lime according to the lime using amount calculated by the formula; uniformly spreading the lime on the ground; and fully mixing the lime with plough layer soils. The selected soil is reasonable in test index and high in pertinence; and the lime using amount, required by a certain unit, in the acidified soil can be accurately calculated, and the lime is suitable for non-lime soils and has an important application value.

The invention provides an analyzing method for simultaneously determining residues of organophosphorus pesticides and pyrethriods pesticides in soil. The analyzing method is characterized by comprising the following steps: carrying out ultrasonic extraction on a soil test sample by using an acetonitrile solution containing 1% of acetic acid by volume percent; purifying by using a suitable amount of PSA and C18 mixed fillers; blowing liquid supernatant by nitrogen and concentrating until the liquid supernatant is nearly dried; respectively dissolving by acetone and n-hexane and enabling the volume to be constant; raising the temperature by using DB-1701 and HP-5 quartz capillary columns and separating; carrying out GC/FPD (Gas Chromatograph/Flame Photometric Detector) detection and GC/micro ECD (Electron Capture Detector) detection; and finally, quantifying by using a base material external standard method. A test confirms that the method has a wide linear range; the technical indexes including detection sensitivity, accuracy and precision meet the requirements of a residue analysis; the pre-treatment operation is simple, convenient and rapid and a reliable manner is provided for analytical researches for simultaneously determining the residues of ths pesticides and the pyrethriods pesticides in the soil.e organophosphoru.

A soil test apparatus (1) for testing products in subterranean soil installations. The apparatus includes a container (3) for receiving soil (15) and a product (13) to be buried therein for testing. The container includes a base (5), sides (4, 7) and a top opening adapted directly or indirectly to receive a load. At least one of the sides is configured to permit some movement or deformation under application of the load to the soil in the container so as to simulate larger scale installation conditions. A method of testing products in subterranean soil installations using the soil test apparatus comprises setting up the apparatus to permit some movement or deformation of at least one of the sides (4, 7) under predetermined load conditions. The container is partially filled with soil (15). The product (13) is positioned within the container. The product is buried by the addition of further soil (15). The load is applied to the soil via the top opening of the container. An effect of the load on the product, the container, or the soil is measured.

A multifunctional seepage deformation tester comprises a stander, wherein a vertical-loading and lateral-loading control system is arranged on an upper cover of a special combined-type seepage container which is made of organic glass, the special combined-type seepage container which is made of the organic glass and a vertical-loading and lateral-loading control system assembly is fixed on the stander, a water head measuring system, a flow-rate measuring system and a temperature measuring system are arranged on the side edge of the stander, and a water outlet pipe of a water head elevation device with an overflow pipe is connected with a water inlet valve on a base of the special combined-type seepage container which is made of the organic glass. The multifunctional seepage deformation tester has advantages that the requirements of universal parameter standard for soil test instruments can be met, and the multifunction of the test working condition and convenience and practicability in operation can be realized by researching a combined-type test container barrel. The cover weight loading is integrated with the lateral pressure loading, so that not only can the seepage characteristic parameters under no pressure be measured, but also the seepage characteristics of any underground point under the stress state can be simulated.

The invention discloses a method for determining bio-available phosphorus in soil. The method comprises the following steps: naturally airing collected plant rhizosphere soil, grinding the soil, sieving the soil with a nylon sieve with mesh size of 2mm, placing the soil into a plastic container, adding ultrapure water to enable the content of water in the soil to be tested to reach 60%, evenly mixing the soil with the water, sealing and then standing; adding ultrapure water again to enable the content of water in the soil to reach 80%, evenly mixing the soil with the water to enable the surface of the soil in the container to be smooth, sealing and then standing, thereby obtaining a soil test sample; diluting a purified binding agent solution, putting the solution into a DGT (Diffusive Gradient in Thin Film Technology) sampling device, and sealing the DGT sampling device by a dialysis membrane; slightly twisting the DGT sampling device with a hand so as to press the DGT sampling device into the surface of the soil test sample and enable the DGT sampling device to be in good contact with the soil, and standing; and taking out combined-phase soil, determining the cumulated amount of phosphorus in the combined-phase soil by an ammonium molybdate spectrophotometry process and calculating the concentration of available phosphorus in the soil. The method has the advantages that bio-available phosphorus in soil can be determined by virtue of a liquid combined phase DGT, the determined bio-available phosphorus is in significant correlation with the absorbed phosphorus in a plant body.

The invention discloses a method for soil testing and formulated fertilization. According to the method for soil testing and formulated fertilization, soil testing and fertilization field experiment are taken as the base, and the fertilization amount, the fertilization time and the fertilization method of fertilizer such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and medium trace elements can be proposedaccording to the fertilizer requirement law of crops, fertilizer supply performance of soil and fertilizer effect and on the basis of reasonable application of organic fertilizer. The method for soiltesting and formulated fertilization solves the mediates and solves the contradiction of fertilizer requirement of crops and fertilizer supply of soil; meanwhile, nutrient element required by crops can be supplemented in a directed manner, and a proper amount of elements that crops requires can be supplemented, so that all nutrients are supplied in a balanced manner, the requirements of crops canbe met, and the purposes of improving utilization rate of fertilizer, decreasing the consumption of fertilizer, improving the quality of agricultural products, saving labor and cost and increasing income can be achieved; through soil testing and formulated fertilization, the fertilization amount and the proportion of all the nutrient elements can be ensured reasonably, so that the utilization rateof fertilization can be improved effectively.

The invention relates to a recommended fertilizer application method of radishes. The method comprises the following steps of determining the target yield of radishes in season according to the past radish yield level in existing land; (2) determining the basic nutrition supply level of the soil of the existing land; (3) calculating the yield reaction of the existing land according to multi-year multi-point factor reduction tests; or estimating the yield reaction of the fertilization according to the basic nutrition supply level of the soil of the existing land and a yield reaction coefficient; (4) performing simulation by using a QUEFTS model to obtain the best nutrition demand of the radishes; calculating the consumption of N, P and K fertilizers required by the radishes to reach the target yield by combining the target yield, the yield reaction, the soil basic nutrition supply level, the agronomic efficiency, the preceding crop straw turnover and in-season crop nutrient residue balance factors. The method is applicable to the fertilization recommendation of the radishes in the land with different sizes; the application can be realized under the conditions of test with the soil or test without the soil; the characteristics of high timeliness, easy mastering, wide application and the like are realized.