33 results about "Retardation factor" patented technology

Provided are methods and apparatus for determining conditions for performing chromatography, particularly flash chromatography. The methods may be utilized for separating compounds in a sample in a column chromatography system. The method includes determining at least two retention factors corresponding to the TLC performance of a target compound and an adjacent compound and defining a sample loading amount and a solvent gradient profile using at least two solvents that will result in differential elution of the target and adjacent compounds from a chromatography column. The chromatography system and loading parameters may be selected to provide satisfactory separation of the target compound from adjacent compounds.

A liquid chromatograph control apparatus (1) includes a measured value storage (25a) that stores a measured retardation factor (Rf) value of a sample (3), which is obtained when components of the sample are separated on thin layer chromatography using eluent (4) containing a plurality of ingredients at a specified mixture ratio, in association with the specified mixture ratio, a rate-of-change-in-Rf-value storage (25b) that stores a rate of change in the Rf value of the sample (3) with respect to variation in mixture ratio of ingredients of eluent (10), a mixture ratio calculator (22a) that determines a mixture ratio of the eluent (10) at which a specified retardation factor value (RfO) of the sample is obtained, based on the measured Rf value corresponding to the specified mixture ratio stored in the measured value storage (25a) and on the rate of change in the Rf value stored in the rate-of-change-in-Rf-value storage (25b), and a mixture ratio controller (22b) that outputs a control signal to control the mixture ratio of the eluent (4) fed into a column (18) so that the Rf value of the sample (3) can be equivalent to the specified retardation factor value (RfO), based on calculated results by the mixture ratio calculator (22a).

A driving torque control device for a hybrid vehicle has an engine torque estimation unit configured to estimate an engine torque by compensating for a retardation caused by a delay filter in an engine torque instruction value, and a retardation factor selection unit configured to select, as a retardation factor indicating a retardation degree of the delay filter, any one of an increase-side retardation factor for a case where the engine torque instruction value increases and a decrease-side retardation factor for a case where the engine torque instruction value decreases. The retardation factor selection unit performs switching between the increase-side retardation factor and the decrease-side retardation factor in a case where a difference between the engine torque estimation value and the engine torque instruction value as a filter input value is equal to or smaller than a predetermined value.

The invention discloses a method for estimating a formation adsorption retardation factor, and belongs to the field of groundwater and soil pollution. The method comprises the following steps: 1) sampling a formation soil material and determining the particle size distribution thereof to obtain the characteristic particle diameters D10, D50 and D90; 2) determining the specific surface area S of aformation soil material; 3) carrying out a Batch test on the formation soil material, and obtaining an adsorption curve of typical pollutants on the soil material; 4) taking the average slope of the adsorption curve as the partition coefficient Kd of the pollutant on the soil material; 5) estimating the adsorption retardation factor Rd of the formation. The formation adsorption retardation factoris estimated by determining the characteristic particle size, the particle specific surface area and the partition coefficient of the formation material; meanwhile, the method disclosed by the invention does not require a large amount of on-site monitoring, and does not require long-time-scale indoor testing. The method has the advantages of low cost, simplicity and feasibility, rapidness and effectiveness, can be widely applied to the prediction and repair of groundwater and soil pollution, and has good practicability.

The invention discloses a device for testing the performance of a cohesive soil sample. The device comprises a sample box, an upper permeable stone, a lower permeable stone, upper filter paper, lower filter paper, a micro differential pressure sensor, a data acquisition instrument, a precision injection pump, a first liquid storage tank, a second liquid storage tank, a third liquid storage tank and a fourth liquid storage tank, wherein an upper left way pipe, an upper middle way pipe and an upper right way pipe are provide in a top cover, a lower left way pipe, a lower middle way pipe and a lower right way pipe are provide in a pedestal, the micro differential pressure sensor is connected with the data acquisition instrument, and four injectors are arranged in the precision injection pump. The testing device can carry out determination of the coefficient of membrane efficiency, the coefficient of effective diffusion and the performance of retardation factors on the cohesive soil sample. Meanwhile, the invention also provides a testing method used by the device for testing the performance of the cohesive soil sample, and the method is simple and practicable and can realize combined determination of the coefficient of membrane efficiency, the coefficient of effective diffusion and the performance of retardation factors of the cohesive soil sample instead of respective determination, thereby improving determination efficiency.

The invention provides a detection method of babaowudan cinnabar stick. The detection method comprises a borneol detection method and a bufotoxin detection method. Diethyl ether is adopted for extraction and taken as a test solution for detection, then dregs of decoction are taken as samples for a bufotoxin identification experiment, part of impurities in bufotoxin identification are removed, and further, the use amount of the samples is reduced. When amethanol extracting solution is taken as a test solution, more serious thin-layer chromatography interference is produced after development, and bufotoxin detection is affected; the methanol extracting solution is concentrated and passes a neutral aluminum oxide column, methanol is used for elution, a large quantity of impurities can be removed, and thin-layer chromatography interference can be reduced. A developer for bufotoxin detection adopts a toluene-acetone developer, the Rf (retardation factor) value is moderate, and spots are clear.

The invention provides a narrow-band spiral chromatographic sheet and a preparation method of the narrow-band spiral chromatographic sheet. The narrow-band spiral chromatographic sheet comprises a substrate, wherein a spiral-line-shaped groove is formed at one side of the substrate, the starting end of the groove is positioned at the position of the geometric center of the substrate, and a stationary phase is arranged in the groove; according to the narrow-band spiral chromatographic sheet, the open range is increased, the difference of the retardation factors of the mixtures is increased under the action of the centrifugal force when the mixture is separated, and the separating efficiency is improved.

The invention relates to a rapid detection method of chemical components illegally added in Chinese patent medicine Xiaohuoluo pills. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing a reference solution and a sample solution; respectively suctioning the reference solution and the sample solution; dripping on the same silica gel thin layer plate; adding a developing agent for ascending development; taking out and drying in the air; placing below an ultraviolet lamp and observing thin-layer chromatogram; spraying sulfuric acid-ethanol solution; placing in an oven and heating at a constant temperature until spots on the thin layer plate are clear; respectively placing below a fluorescent lamp and the ultraviolet lamp and observing thin-layer chromatogram; and determining that the sample result is positive if fluorescence quenching spots, fluorescence spots or spots with the same color occur at the same time at a point with a retardation factor value same as that of the reference. Obviously, the method provided by the invention is simple to operate, rapid, and cost-effective, not only solves the problem of false positive interference, but also avoids expensive cost and plenty of time consumed by the conventional infrared spectroscopy, HPLC-MS and the like, thereby making it possible to effectively monitor whether chemical components are illegally added in the Xiaohuoluo pills.

The invention relates to the field of rapid detection and analysis for food safety, in particular to a double-channel chromogenic direct-reading thin layer chromatography plate and a preparation method and application of the double-channel chromogenic direct-reading thin layer chromatography plate. The double-channel chromogenic direct-reading thin layer chromatography plate comprises a base material and a fixed phase, a chromogenic area is arranged in a specific Rf (Retardation Factor) value position to be detected on the surface of the fixed phase, and comprises two chromogenic subareas, a hydrophobic dividing line is arranged between the chromogenic subareas, the chromogenic subareas comprise chromogenic agents@nano-metallic oxide compounds, and the chromogenic agents of the two chromogenic subareas are two types of the chromogenic agents which are different. After the chromogenic area is determined on the thin layer chromatography base material, the two chromogenic agents are respectively printed in the two chromogenic subareas, and divided by a hydrophobic solvent, and then dried, activated and manufactured into a product. The product disclosed by the invention is high in sensitivity, simple in manufacturing method, convenient and fast to use and can realize the qualitative and semi-quantitative treatment of a detected substrate, thereby being widely used in the detection of drug residues.

The invention discloses a method for predicting multi-order temperature programming retention time according to a nonlinear plate theory. The method comprises the following steps of: determining the retention time of a compound to be determined at six constant temperatures, and determining virtual dead time; computing retention factors of the compound to be determined at six constant temperatures, and determining a corresponding retention factor at any jump in a column according to a cubic equation between the retention factors and a temperature relation; and computing the concentration in the mobile phase of a last column plate at any jump of the compound to be determined, and computing time needed by jumping which serves as the retention time. In the invention, the retention time can bepredicted by only optionally setting the virtual dead time, so that the prediction process is very simple and convenient; and meanwhile, the influences of temperature on entropy and enthalpy are considered, so that the method has a wide application range and high prediction accuracy.

The invention provides an aeration zone soil adsorption parameter tester based on strong adsorption pollutants. The aeration zone soil adsorption parameter tester comprises a detachable soil column, a buffering section, a soil column fixing device, a sampling device, a constant water head fixing device, a constant water head water feeding device, a constant water head liquid supplying device and a water supplying and liquid supplying switching device, wherein a soil sample is put into the detachable soil column; the detachable soil column is composed of a soil column inner ring, a soil column outer ring, an inner ring handle and an outer ring handle; the buffering section is composed of an organic glass tube, a gauze element A, a gauze element B, an organic glass plate with holes and a quartz sand filtering layer; the constant water head water feeding device and the constant water head liquid supplying device are mounted on the constant water head fixing device, and the upper and lower positions of the constant water head water feeding device and the constant water head liquid supplying device can be adjusted; the bottom of the constant water head water supplying device is connected with a water outlet pipe; and the bottom of the constant water head liquid supplying device is connected with a liquid outlet pipe. The device can be used for accurately determining retardation factors and distribution factors of the pollutants with the relatively strong adsorption effect in aeration zone soil; and meanwhile, the method is simple and reliable.

The invention discloses a method for fast separating polysaccharides from dragon fruit by counter-current chromatography. The method comprises the following steps of crushing dry dragon fruit slices; then, performing leaching extraction by boiling water; cooling leaching extraction liquid to room temperature; then, filtering; sequentially performing concentration, depigmentation and deproteinization on the filter liquid; performing concentration again to obtain concentration liquid; adding absolute ethyl alcohol into the concentration liquid for precipitation; performing freeze drying on the obtained precipitates to obtain dragon fruit coarse polysaccharides; taking 0.25 to 0.35g of dragon fruit coarse polysaccharides to be dissolved into 25+ / -5ml of a lower phase of a double-water-phase solvent system; injecting into the counter-current chromatography; performing pH regulation on the upper phase of the double-water-phase solvent system so as to respectively obtain a first flowing phase, a second flowing phase and a third flowing phase; respectively taking the first flowing phase, the second flowing phase and the third flowing phase for elution; collecting elution liquid with the same retardation factor value in each flowing phase; and respectively performing concentration, dialysis and freeze drying on the three kinds of collected elution liquid so as to respectively obtain three kinds of dragon fruit polysaccharides.

The invention relates to a rapid screening method of a plurality of chemical components illegally added in Chinese patent medicine. The rapid screening method comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing a reference solution and a sample solution; respectively sucking the reference solution and the sample solution; dripping on the same silica gel thin layer plate; adding a developing agent for ascending development; taking out and drying in the air; respectively placing below an ultraviolet lamp and observing thin-layer chromatogram; spraying sulfuric acid-ethanol solution; placing in an oven and heating at a constant temperature until spots on the thin layer plate are clear; respectively placing the thin layer plate below the ultraviolet lamp and observing thin-layer chromatogram; and determining that the sample result is positive if fluorescence quenching spots, fluorescence spots or spots with the same color occur at the same time at a point with a retardation factor value same as that of the reference. Obviously, the method provided by the invention is simple to operate, rapid, and cost-effective, not only solves the problem of false positive interference, but also avoids expensive cost and plenty of time consumed by the conventional infrared spectroscopy, HPLC-MS and the like, thereby making it possible to effectively monitor whether chemical components are illegally added in the Chinese patent medicine Xiaohuoluo pills.

The invention provides an aeration zone soil adsorption parameter tester based on weak adsorption pollutants. The aeration zone soil adsorption parameter tester at least comprises a sealing cover, an experiment section, a sampling device, a constant water head fixing device, a constant water head water feeding device, a constant water head liquid supplying device and a water supplying and liquid supplying switching device, wherein the experiment section is composed of a soil column, gauze elements, an organic glass plate with holes, a quartz sand filtering layer and a soil column bracket; the sealing cover is mounted at the top of the soil column and is used for sealing the top of the soil column; the sampling device is arranged on the upper part of the soil column; the constant water head water feeding device and the constant water head liquid supplying device are mounted on the constant water head fixing device, and the upper and lower positions of the constant water head water feeding device and the constant water head liquid supplying device can be adjusted; the bottom of the constant water head water supplying device is connected with a water outlet pipe; the bottom of the constant water head liquid supplying device is connected with a liquid outlet pipe; and the water outlet pipe, the liquid outlet pipe and an input pipe are connected with the water supplying and liquid supplying switching device. The device can be used for accurately determining retardation factors and distribution factors of the pollutants with the relatively weak adsorption effect in aeration zone soil; and meanwhile, the method is simple and reliable.

The invention relates to a method for rapidly screening 10 illegally added chemicals in small collateral activating pills. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing a reference sample solution and a test solution; then respectively sucking the reference sample solution and the test solution, dripping the sucked reference sample solution and the test solution on the same silica gel thin layer plate, carrying out ascending development by a developing solvent, taking out the silica gel thin layer plate and air-drying; placing the silica gel thin layer plate under an ultraviolet lamp to observe thin-layer chromatographies; spraying an ethanol sulfate solution; placing the thin layer plate into an oven to carry out constant-temperature heating until colors of spots on the thin layer plate are clearly developed; then respectively placing the thin layer plate under sunlight and the ultraviolet lamp to observe thin layer chromatographies; if fluorescence quenching spots, fluorescence spots or spots with the same color are simultaneously generated at the position with the same retardation factor value with a reference sample, judging that the sample result is positive. Obviously, the method is simple, convenient and rapid to operate, is low in cost, not only solves the problem of false positive interference, but also avoids high cost and long time, which are generated when an infrared spectroscopy, HPLC-MS (High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) and the like are adopted to carry out measurement conventionally, and enables effective monitoring on the illegally added chemicals in the Chinese patent medicine small collateral activating pills to be possible.

A method and device are provided for affinity gradient focusing for directing at least one analyte in a solution containing a pseudostationary phase and located in a channel such as a capillary or a microchannel. The method includes establishing a steady-state spatial gradient in a retention factor of the pseudostationary phase for the at least one analyte. The analyte is caused to be moved within the channel whereby the concentration of the at least one analyte changes at one or more positions along the gradient. The pseudostationary phase is charged and the analyte is either neutral or charged or alternatively, the pseudostationary phase is neutral and the analyte is charged. The device may include a fluid channel, a pseudostationary phase having a retention factor gradient, an electrical current source and a pump system for establishing the bulk flow in the solution in the channel.

The invention relates to a rapid detection method of chemical components illegally added in Chinese patent medicine Xiaohuoluo pills. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing a reference solution and a sample solution; respectively suctioning the reference solution and the sample solution; dripping on the same silica gel thin layer plate; adding a developing agent for ascending development; taking out and drying in the air; placing below an ultraviolet lamp and observing thin-layer chromatogram; spraying sulfuric acid-ethanol solution; placing in an oven and heating at a constant temperature until spots on the thin layer plate are clear; respectively placing below a fluorescent lamp and the ultraviolet lamp and observing thin-layer chromatogram; and determining that the sample result is positive if fluorescence quenching spots, fluorescence spots or spots with the same color occur at the same time at a point with a retardation factor value same as that of the reference. Obviously, the method provided by the invention is simple to operate, rapid, and cost-effective, not only solves the problem of false positive interference, but also avoids expensive cost and plenty of time consumed by the conventional infrared spectroscopy, HPLC-MS and the like, thereby making it possible to effectively monitor whether chemical components are illegally added in the Xiaohuoluo pills.