The invention discloses a method for identifying a damage shape of a braided composite material plate based on ultrasonic guided waves. The method comprises the following specific steps: S1, analyzing by a semi-analytical finite element method to obtain a guided wave propagation wave velocity on the braided composite material plate; s2, the guided wave propagation wave velocity on the woven composite material plate is measured through an omni-directional wave velocity measurement method, the semi-analytical finite element model is corrected, and a guided wave mode and frequency suitable for monitoring are selected; s3, a guided wave sensor network is arranged on the woven composite material plate, a sensor is pasted on the surface of the structure, and a propagation path is set for damage monitoring; s4, acquiring guided wave signals of different propagation paths in a lossless state and a lossless state, obtaining damage scattering signals of different paths, and determining a damage center point by using an ellipse weighted imaging method; s5, extracting a real damage reflection time difference; s6, estimating damage boundary points based on the elliptical trajectory, and removing noise points; and S7, predicting the damage area and shape according to the damage boundary points.