The invention belongs to the technical field of composite material modeling and mechanical calculation, and particularly relates to a ceramic matrix composite material microscopic modeling and mechanical calculation method based on a structural grid. According to the method, based on the structure grid, the material types to which the pixel units belong are distinguished through several given independent mesoscopic geometrical parameters, and therefore mesoscopic modeling of the ceramic matrix composite is achieved. A homogenization theory is adopted, a flexibility matrix is obtained accordingto six groups of stress-strain relations under different periodic boundary conditions, and finally elastic parameter calculation is achieved. According to the method, parameterized modeling of the ceramic matrix composite mesoscopic geometric model and automatic hexahedral mesh division are realized in a parameterized manner, and mechanical calculation is realized. Compared with a traditional method, the method has the advantages that the difficulty is greatly reduced, the dependence on people is reduced, and the modeling and calculation time is shortened.