The invention discloses a target detection method in a Codebook dynamic scene based on superpixels. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps that (1) a superpixel partition method is used for partitioning video frames, K superpixels are obtained by partitioning; (2) a Codebook background modeling method is used, a Codebook is established for each superpixel partitioned in the step (1), each Codebook comprises one or more Codewords, each Codeword has the maximin threshold values during learning, the maximin threshold values are detected, background modeling is completed; (3) after background modeling is completed, currently-entering video frames are subjected to target detection, if a certain pixel value of the current frames accords with distribution of the background pixel values, the certain pixel value is marked as the background, otherwise, the certain pixel value is marked as the foreground; finally the current video frames are used for updating the background model. The method solves the problems that a traditional Codebook background modeling algorithm is large in calculated amount and high in memory requirement, and established Codewords are not accurate are solved, target detecting accuracy and speed are improved, the requirement for real-time accuracy is met, and accordingly the requirement for intelligent monitoring in real life is met.