The invention discloses a point cloud geometric lossy compression method based on voxel convolution. Compression and decompression are carried out by carrying out convolution and deconvolution on voxels of a point cloud through a training model. Firstly, voxelization is carried out on point cloud data, a certain grid size is selected for voxels of point cloud to carry out 3D convolution operationto obtain feature data with smaller shapes and sizes, quantization processing is carried out on the feature data after convolution, uniform quantization noise is added during model training to improvethe generalization of the model, and the quantized data is compressed. During decompression, deconvolution is performed on the quantized feature data to obtain feature data of which the size is consistent with the shape and size of the initial point cloud voxel, normalizing the feature data, and judging whether each voxel unit is empty or not through a threshold value to obtain decompressed pointcloud data. During model training, focus loss is used as distortion loss to reduce the influence of too many voxel hollow samples on the model. According to the method, geometric compression can be efficiently carried out on the point cloud data, and the distortion rate after restoration is reduced.