The invention relates to an electromagnetic transient simulation method containing a switching characteristic sub-network, and belongs to the technical field of electromagnetic transient analysis in electric power systems. According to the simulation method, a breaker and electronic power switching elements are designed into an independent switching sub-network; the network only comprises an electronic power sub-switch, the breaker and related elements (resistors, inductors, capacitors and the like); the network performs modeling through a rational polynomial approximation based exponential fitting method provided by the invention; and the rest of networks perform modeling by a conventional method (an implicit trapezoid method, a backward Euler method, a damping trapezoidal method or a modified combining form thereof). In offline/real-time calculation, only the switching sub-network performs iteration or interpolation calculation, and the rest of networks do not participate in iteration or interpolation. The switching sub-network adopts a high-order algorithm provided by the invention, so that numerical oscillation can be immunized; and meanwhile, the workload of model modification is relatively low, so that engineering promotion is facilitated.