This invention provides a method, apparatus, and device for joint calibration of optical
satellite constellations, applicable to the field of
satellite data processing technology. The method includes: performing small-side-swing imaging on multiple global geometric calibration fields to establish a rigorous geometric positioning model and generate initial
rational polynomial parameters; selecting a
reference region for dense matching to obtain dense matching points and calculating the
payload's internal
azimuth parameters and initial external
azimuth elements; performing sparse matching on other regions to obtain sparse matching points; and establishing a joint calibration model based on the dense and sparse matching points, obtaining the optimal external calibration parameters through weighted calculation. This invention, by jointly utilizing data from multiple global calibration fields and uniformly calculating the geometric parameters of satellites within a
constellation, effectively overcomes the local
overfitting problem caused by a single calibration field, significantly improving the consistency of geometric positioning accuracy of satellites within a
constellation globally.