The invention discloses a high-resolution remote sensing image orthorectification method based on floating control points, comprising the steps of: step S101, extracting land and water boundaries based on the high-resolution remote sensing image, and selecting small targets in the water area as candidate targets for ship recognition ; Step S102, construct feature vector; Step S103, construct training and test sample library; Step S104, utilize SVM or ANN method, based on training and test sample library training classifier, complete ship identification, obtain the image coordinates of ship; Step S105, For the identified ship, use morphological subdivision to obtain its geometric centerline, and use the geometric centerline to complete the matching with the tangent direction of the AIS track of the ship, thereby obtaining accurate GPS positioning information of the ship; step S106, based on The ship's image coordinates and geographic coordinates constitute the control points, and the satellite rational polynomial correction model is optimized to obtain high-precision orthophotos.