An Agent-based solar sail distributed simulation system comprises an orbit recursive model unit, an earth shadow model unit, a thermal control system model unit, a power supply system model unit, an attitude control model unit and an orbit control model unit, each model unit is an independent Agent module, and interconnection and data interaction between the Agent modules are achieved through the TCP / IP protocol. According to the system, microscopic behaviors of each component system, namely on-orbit status of each subsystem of a solar sail, can be described, the Agent modules can also be combined to describe macroscopic characteristics of the solar sail, so that each component unit and the integral body of the solar sail can be fully simulated conveniently, and the problems in the design stage of the solar sail can be found timely. In addition, distributed design is adopted by the system, complexity can be reduced, and simulation efficiency of the system can be largely improved.