334 results about "Differential method" patented technology

A device and a method for measuring body fluid-related metrics using spectrophotometry to facilitate therapeutic interventions aimed at restoring body fluid balance. The specific body fluid-related metrics include the absolute volume fraction of water in the extravascular and intravascular tissue compartments, as well as the shifts of water between these two compartments. The absolute volume fraction of water is determined using algorithms where received radiation measured at two or more wavelengths are combined to form either a single ratio, a sum of ratios or ratio of ratios of the form log[R(λ1) / R(λ2)] in which the received radiation in the numerator depends primarily on the absorbance of water and the received radiation in the denominator depends primarily on the absorbance of water and the sum of the absorbances of non-heme proteins, lipids and water in tissue. The difference between the fraction of water in the intravascular fluid volume (“IFV”) and extravascular fluid volume (“EFV”) compartments are also determined using a differential method that takes advantage of the observation that pulsations caused by expansion of blood vessels in the skin as the heart beats produce changes in the received radiation at a particular wavelength that are proportional to the difference between the effective absorption of light in the blood and the surrounding tissue. This difference, integrated over time, provides a measure of the quantity of the fluid that shifts into and out of the capillaries. A mechanism for mechanically inducing a pulse is built into the device to improve the reliability of measurements of IFV−EFV under weak-pulse conditions.

Disclosed are apparatus and methods for determining process or structure parameters for semiconductor structures. A plurality of optical signals is acquired from one or more targets located in a plurality of fields on a semiconductor wafer. The fields are associated with different process parameters for fabricating the one or more targets, and the acquired optical signals contain information regarding a parameter of interest (POI) for a top structure and information regarding one or more underlayer parameters for one or more underlayers formed below such top structure. A feature extraction model is generated to extract a plurality of feature signals from such acquired optical signals so that the feature signals contain information for the POI and exclude information for the underlayer parameters. A POI value for each top structure of each field is determined based on the feature signals extracted by the feature extraction model.

Methods for differentially identifying cells in an instrument employ compositions containing a combination of selected antibodies and fluorescent dyes having different cellular distribution patterns and specificities, as well as antibodies and fluorescent dyes characterized by overlapping emission spectra which form non-compensatable spectral patterns. When utilizing the compositions described herein consisting of fluorescent dyes and fluorochrome labeled antibodies with overlapping spectra that cannot be separated or distinguished based upon optical or electronic compensation means, a new fluorescent footprint is established. This new fluorescent footprint is a result of the overlapping spectra and the combined cellular staining patterns of the dyes and fluorochrome labeled antibodies chosen for the composition. The new fluorescent footprint results in histogram patterns that are useful for the identification of additional cell populations or subtypes in hematological disease.

The invention discloses a method for measuring anthocyanin content in wine grape pericarp based on hyperspectrum. The method comprises the following steps: randomly picking off 1500 grapes from four plants in different yields and different levels, using 60 samples in total and taking each 25 grapes as a sample, randomly dividing the samples into a correction set and a check set, wherein the correction set comprises 40 samples and the check set comprises 20 samples; obtaining spectrum data of wine grape pericarp by using near-infrared hyperspectral image; measuring the anthocyanin content by using pH differential method; and establishing a prediction mode of the anthocyanin content in grape pericarp by combining the spectrum pre-treatment method and chemometrics modeling method. By adopting the spectral imaging technology, the imaging technology is combined with the spectrum detection technology, the target space feature is imaged, and the detection speed is fast, the efficiency is high and the cost is low; the method disclosed by the invention is suitable for the noninvasive detection about the quality and safety of the agricultural products, and the anthocyanin content in the wine grape pericarp is effectively detected.

The invention provides a method for online restoring abnormal data of a wind power plant. The method comprises the following steps of I, determining a processed data item according to the data of the wind power plant; II, selecting a starting point of the processed data item; III, acquiring a continuous differential data sequence by adopting a slide window differential method; IV, judging whether the data is the abnormal data or not by utilizing a quartile method; and V, determining a restored data set. By adopting the method, the requirement on online detecting and restoring the abnormal data can be met, the data quality can be effectively improved, the quality of the collected data can be guaranteed, and the influence of the abnormal source on the data analysis can be reduced.

The invention relates to a differential-type circularly-polarized laser carrier communication system, which relates to the field of the laser communication of a free space. The system is mainly composed of a laser transmitting part and a laser receiving part. The laser transmitting part comprises a laser (1), a first beam splitter (2), a first modulator (3), a second modulator (4), a first quarter slide (5), an optical transmitting lens (6) and a signal encoding module; and the laser receiving part comprises an optical receiving lens (7), a second quarter slide (8), a second beam splitter (9), a first receiver (10), a second receiver (11) and a signal decoding module. The circularly-polarized laser is used as an information carrier, and a differential method is used for modulation and receiving, so that the interference resistance of the laser in the long-distance transmission in the atmosphere can be greatly improved.

The invention provides a pseudorange differential method based on dual-satellite time difference and frequency difference passive positioning. According to the method, the pseudorange difference between two satellites and a reference station is measured successively, the pseudorange correction of the satellites is calculated, the pseudorange difference of an unknown radiation source is corrected through the pseudorange correction to obtain an arrival time difference which is close to the true value, the arrival frequency difference between the reference station and the two satellites is measured, the arrival frequency difference between the reference station and the two satellite which is close to the true value is calculated, the arrival frequency difference between the unknown radiation source and the two satellites is corrected through the frequency correction of the satellites to obtain an arrival frequency difference which is close to the true value, and the high-accuracy positioning of the unknown radiation source is realized through an earth ellipsoid equation and the arrival time difference and the arrival frequency difference which are close to the true value. According to the invention, system positioning errors can be corrected, so that the accuracy of a dual-satellite passive positioning system can be improved.