42 results about "Absolute volume" patented technology

A method for measuring the absolute concentration of oxygenated and reduced hemoglobin in human tissue features that its sensor is composed of 2 photoelectric receiving tubes and at least 3 light sources with different wavelengths, which are arranged on a straight line at intervals. Said absolute concentration can be calculated out. Said light source can emit respectively red light and near infrared light.

The invention belongs to building materials and especially relates to self-compacting concrete prepared from industrial solid wastes and a preparation method thereof. Single unit of the concrete including: a powder material accounting for 16-23% by absolute volume, coarse aggregate accounting for 28-35% by absolute volume, fine aggregate accounting for 23-38% by absolute volume and water accounting for 15-19% by absolute volume, wherein the solid substances in a concrete additive agent accounts for 0.05-0.5% by the mass of the powder material. The powder material is composed of following raw materials, by mass: 30-65% of phosphogypsum, 30-55% of ore slag powder, 2-10% of steel slag powder, 0-5% of Portland cement, 0-25% of limestone powder and 0-30% of fly ash. In the invention, the preparation method includes following steps: preparing modified phosphogypsum slurry in a wet-grinding manner, and preparing clear slurry, a mortar and the self-compacting concrete, which can satisfy requirements of flowing property and segregation resistant performance, according to the sequence from the clear slurry, the mortar to the self-compacting concrete in a step-by-step manner. The self-compacting concrete is high in flowing property and segregation resistant performance. The self-compacting concrete is low-carbon and low-cost and can consume the industrial solid waste, phosphogypsum, so that the self-compacting concrete is beneficial to environmental protection.

The invention provides a method for preparing vegetation form porous concrete, adopting the 'pre-coating' technology, a slurry body with specific compositions coats coarse aggregates to form a sphere with a relatively uniform particle diameter, based on the physical coacervation of the sphere and the agglutination of the surface slurry body of the sphere; and the porous and macroporous structure, the cementation between solid phases of which is good and gas phases of which are communicated, is formed. The method comprises the concrete preparation steps that: (1) the fluidity and the viscosity range of the slurry body used to coat the aggregates are determined, and the mixing ratio is worked out by an absolute volume method; (2) the four-step stirring working procedure and the shaping model of the combination of the vibration and the pressuring are adopted; and (3) hole spaces are subjected to alkali-sealing treatment. The invention solves the difficult problems existing in the prior method that because of the downflow of the slurry body, the distribution of the pore spaces is not uniform and the discontinuous pore spaces increase, and the alkalinity in concrete pore spaces is relatively high, which are adverse to the growth of plants. When the vegetation form porous concrete prepared by the method of the invention is applied to road shoulder separator inserts, construction roofs, protection banks and protection slopes and parking lots of a highway, and good landscape effects and ecological environmental protection significance are achieved.

A carrier for a catalyst useful for the epoxidation of an olefin which comprises an inert, refractory solid carrier is provided. The carrier has no or little absolute volume from small pores, of less than 1 micrometer, and large pores, of above 5 micrometer. By “no or little absolute volume from small pores of less than 1 micron” it is meant that the pore volume of such pores is less than 0.20 ml/g. By “no or little absolute volume from large pores of above 5 micron” it is meant that the pore volume of such pores is less than 0.20 ml/g. The invention further provides a catalyst useful for the epoxidation of an olefin supported on such a carrier and a process for the oxidation of an olefin, especially ethylene, to an olefin oxide, especially ethylene oxide.

The invention relates to a three-redundant ship dynamic positioning heading measurement method based on an improved voting algorithm. The method comprises the following steps: 1, measuring a heading value: 2, adopting a variance self-learning weighting method to obtain respective weight values; 3, carrying out weighting on the measured mean, respectively subtracting a weighted mean from an input value of a sensor, calculating an absolute value, and comparing the absolute value with a threshold t1, wherein the absolute value less than the threshold t1 is considered that no failure exists so as to directly perform data fusion, and it is considered that the failure exists if the absolute value greater than t1 exists, such that failure redetermination is required to be performed; 4, obtaining difference between the current input value and the previous output value, and calculating an absolute value, wherein a normal state is determined when the absolute value is less than t2 and a heading change rate at the current time is similar to heading change rates of the current rudder angle and the ship speed, and otherwise a failure is determined; and 5, carrying out weighting on the remaining data reassignment weight values after excluding the failure data. With the present invention, a lot of failure determinations are achieved, such that the output result has high precision.

The invention provides a method for testing the particle packing density of concrete used powder, and the tight particle packing density degree of the concrete used powder can be tested through the ratio of the absolute volume of the mixing powder and the packing volume of powder in slurry. The method provided by the invention is simple to operate, scientific, and closer to the practical application condition, and can provide better guidance for the mix design of concrete.

The invention discloses a preparing method of nanometer silicon particles which are doped with trace elements and used for a lithium battery. The doped trace elements are N-type doped crystalline silicon and P-type doped crystalline silicon. The preparing method comprises the steps that firstly, the N-type doped crystalline silicon and the P-type doped crystalline silicon serve as raw materials, acopper pipe serves as a working electrode, a pulse discharge method is adopted for preparing the micron/sub-micron silicon particles doped with the trace elements, and the intrinsic conductivity of silicon is increased by doping the trace elements. Afterwards, the prepared micron/sub-micron silicon particles doped with the trace elements are further nanocrystallized through a high-energy ball milling method, so that the absolute volume change of the silicon particles is reduced. By means of the method, the circulation performance of the silicon material can be improved. The method is simple in preparing technology, convenient to operate and low in cost, and expanded production is facilitated.

The invention belongs to the technical field of cyclic smooth signal processing, and provides a time delay and Doppler shift joint estimation method based on a generalized Sigmoid conversion cyclic fuzzy function. The method is characterized by comprising the steps of respectively getting the adjustable Sigmoid conversion cyclic autocorrelation of a reference signal, the adjustable Sigmoid conversion cyclic autocorrelation of a signal to be detected, the adjustable Sigmoid conversion cyclic autocorrelation between the reference signal and the signal to be detected, and the adjustable Sigmoid conversion cyclic autocorrelation between the signal to be detected and the reference signal; and then getting the generalized Sigmoid conversion cyclic fuzzy function and an absolute value thereof, searching horizontal and vertical coordinates corresponding to the maximal value of the absolute value, and acquiring the estimated value of time delay and Doppler shift. Experiments show that the method can accurately estimate the time delay and Doppler shift in the case of concurrence of pulse noise and co-channel interference, and is relatively strong in capability of pulse noise immunity.

A current transformer trailing current recognition algorithm based on waveform characteristic difference comprises the steps that firstly, the absolute value of the first 1/2 cycle wave of real-time sampling current of a transformer is obtained, the half-wave integral value, the maximum/minimum value and the maximum value deviation in a data window are calculated, and if the maximum value deviation is equal to 0, it is judged that the sampling current meets the maximum value criterion; secondly, every three continuous sampling points is taken as a section, the increase, decrease and convexityof the sampling points of the section are judged, and if the number of the sampling sections which are continuously and progressively decreased and have concave characteristics exceeds a set thresholdvalue, a judgment is made that the sampling current satisfies a subtraction-concavity criterion; further, a comprehsnive judgment is made that data meets the subtraction-concavity criterion, if the half-wave integral value is less than the set threshold, a judgment is made that that the current transformer current is the trailing current. A recognition algorithm is simple in principle, dual in criterion and high in reliability. The method only needs current magnitude information and is easy to implement in engineering.

The invention provides an anti-decomposable corrosion hydraulic concrete mixed proportion design method comprising the steps: firstly, determining significant affecting factors on concrete anti-decomposable corrosion by an orthogonal test method, and analyzing and selecting various factors by combining concrete grade, durability and other design requirements; and then carrying out concrete strength curve test, combining with the strength curve test result, and concrete grade, durability and other design requirements and the concrete anti-decomposable corrosion test result, and calculating themixed proportion parameters of reference concrete by an absolute volume method. On the basis of guaranteeing the basic performance parameters of concrete, the effect of various factors on the concreteanti-decomposable corrosion ability is investigated by decomposed erosion tests, the step of improving the concrete anti-decomposable corrosion ability is introduced to the mixed proportion design, the problems existing in a decomposed erosion environment are solved, the anti-decomposable corrosion ability is enhanced, the durability of the concrete is enhanced, and the service life of buildingsis prolonged.

The invention relates to a mix proportion design method of high-stone-powder-content concrete containing waste limestone chippings. The method includes: testing and determining the stone powder content delta of the waste limestone chippings actually used in a project according to the method of Standard for technical requirements and test method of sand and crushed stone (or gravel) for ordinary concrete JGJ 52, and calculating the stone powder excess value Delta delta of the waste limestone chippings according to a stone powder content limit value delta 0; using an absolute volume method to calculate and determine the mix proportion parameters of reference concrete according to the regulations of Specification for mix proportion design of ordinary concrete JGJ 55; using the stone powder of the excess part in the waste limestone chippings as inert mineral admixture, calculating and determining a substitution cement amount according to a certain substitution coefficient K, keeping unit weight unchanged, and calculating and determining the mix proportion parameters of the concrete containing the waste limestone chippings. The mix proportion design method has the advantages that under the premise that concrete performance satisfies design and construction requirements, the technical difficulty of the waste limestone chippings with stone powder content exceeding standards in the field of concrete application is solved, the cement use quantity and production cost of the concrete are lowered, and energy conservation and environmental protection are achieved.

The described apparatus and methods use Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) to determine the absolute volumetric moisture content of various media. The effects of dispersion caused by conductive and dielectric properties of the medium on the waveform are extrapolated by detecting the bulk propagation time and the slope of the distorted transition of the characteristic reflected waveform. Fast transitions are injected by a differential step function generator into a two-conductor waveguide, which is immersed in soil or other medium of interest. Unlike previous single-ended TDR systems, a differential digitizer senses the probes. Timing control between the two digitizers is critical. Use of an integrated fully differential system eliminates the need for a coaxial cable and an associated balancing transformer, or balun. This enables a two-conductor probe that is more easily inserted into soil, rather than requiring three conductors. Non-conductive probe tips may be pointed to facilitate insertion without causing measurement ambiguity.

The invention relates to an angle increment optimization method for a rolling pendulum seeker tracking loop, which comprises the following steps that when an absolute value of a relative motion range of a rolling frame is less than or equal to Pi/2, calculated angle position instructions of the rolling frame and a pendulum frame are outputted directly; when the absolute value of the relative motion range of the rolling frame is (Pi/2, 3Pi/2], the angle position instruction of the pendulum frame is minus; the absolute value of the relative motion range of the rolling frame is controlled to be less than Pi/2; and when the absolute value of the relative motion range of the rolling frame is (3Pi/2, 2Pi), a limiting condition of the rolling frame is allowed to optimize an output instruction. According to the angle increment optimization method for the rolling pendulum seeker tracking loop, the provided angle position instruction has a definite, single target directional relation in a tracking range of a seeker; a logical relation is clear; a solution process does not require a large number of matrix operations; hardware is light in burden; and the real-time performance is good.

The invention discloses a measuring apparatus for evaluating surface hydrophobicity of concrete. A back and forth spiral guide rail is arranged on a pedestal in an axial direction, an elevating support is arranged on the back and forth spiral guide rail, and an objective table is arrange on the upper end of the elevating support; a front support is arranged at the front of the pedestal, a vertical adjusting support is fixed at the end part of the front support, a first horizontal guide rail is arranged on the vertical adjusting support, a vertical imaging instrument and a spiral liquid feeding device are arranged on the first horizontal guide rail, a rear support is vertically arranged at the rear end of the pedestal, a second horizontal guide rail is arranged on the rear support, and a horizontal imaging instrument is arranged on the second horizontal guide rail. The apparatus has the advantages of simple structure, operation convenience and low cost. Quantitative deionized water is dropped on the surface of a test piece to be detected, after liquid beads reach static balancing, photograph is taken, a liquid bead model is established by using Auto CAD software, and absolute contact area and residual absolute volume of the liquid beads are obtained for evaluating hydrophobicity of the test piece to be detected; the operation is simple, and influence of artificial factors is reduced.

The invention discloses an APT solid waste residue harmless comprehensive recycling system which carries out material recycling, recirculation and repeated utilization, separation after collection, resource value utilization and other material composition. Since human entered the industrialization society, solid waste, particularly urban waste or garbage is treated by being buried or poured into water all the time, however, recently, human realizes that inappropriate treatment of solid waste will cause the short-term or long-term pollution problem, and therefore treatment of solid waste becomes an increasingly concerned topic. Another factor is recycling useful resources from solid waste, and increasing attention is given to appropriate treatment methods and solid waste utilization. Amongdifferent types of solid waste, the system has the special significance for urban solid waste in term of the absolute volume and composition difference.

The invention discloses a stability determination method of an absolute value system based on a double-sine input description function. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, replacing a derivable nonlinear part of an original system with a Lyapunov linearization result of the derivable nonlinear part; drawing an Nyquist curve of the linear part of the new system; calculating a double-sine input description function of the nonlinear part by adopting a numerical method, drawing a reciprocal curve of the double-sine input description function, analyzing whether the closed-loop systemcan generate periodic oscillation or not according to the intersection condition of the two curves, and amplifying model parameters until the oscillation condition is met if the oscillation cannot begenerated, thereby obtaining the stability margin of the system. According to the method, the limitation of a second-order system, a specific system and the like on the existing method is overcome, and a universal method is provided for researching the stability of an absolute value system.

The invention relates to a process for producing water permeability ecological concrete, the process is characterized in that: (1) the designed water permeability concrete communicating pore space rate reaches 15%-30% to satisfy the requirement of water permeability and air permeability; (2) the concrete intensity reaches more than C10 to satisfy the requirement of mechanical property; (3) the increase of concrete cost is no more than 10% of the current cost to satisfy the economic requirement. A traditional design method of the concrete proportioning ratio (ie. an assumed density method and an absolute volume method) takes intensity as a base, and is a method for designing a proportioning ratio according to a water cement ratio rule. An overall calculation proportioning ratio design method provided by the invention takes workability, intensity and endurance as bases, water consumption and sand ratio calculation formulas can be deduced through a concrete volume model, and the combination of two formulas and the water cement ratio rule enables realization of the composition of FLC and HPC and the overall calculation of the proportioning ratio. Compared with the traditional design method, the overall calculation enables a concrete proportioning ratio design with overall quantification from a concrete proportioning ratio design with semi- quantification, which trends to science from experience. Compared with a traditional proportioning ratio design, the overall calculation is more convenient and faster to obtain the optimized concrete proportioning ratio.