312 results about "Urban solid waste" patented technology

The process of the invention converts carbonaceous feedstock such as coal, hydrocarbon oil, natural gas, petroleum coke, oil shale, carbonaceous-containing waste oil, carbonaceous-containing medical waste, carbonaceous-containing military waste, carbonaceous-containing industrial waste, carbonaceous-containing medical waste, carbonaceous-containing sewage sludge and municipal solid waste, carbonaceous-containing agricultural waste, carbonaceous-containing biomass, biological and biochemical waste, and mixtures thereof into electrical energy without the production of unwanted greenhouse emissions. The process uses a steam / CO2 reformer operating in the exit range of at least 700° to about 1600° C. (1300-2900°0 F.) to convert the carbonaceous feedstock and a greenhouse gas stream into a synthesis gas comprising mostly carbon monoxide and hydrogen that contains poisons and the compounds that poison fuel cells. The syngas is sent to an interface zone to remove these poisons and other fouling compounds that are electrochemically oxidized in an electricity-producing fuel cell into an exit gas comprising carbon dioxide and water.

A low-temperature gasification system comprising a horizontally oriented gasifier is provided that optimizes the extraction of gaseous molecules from carbonaceous feedstock while minimizing waste heat. The system comprises a plurality of integrated subsystems that work together to convert municipal solid waste (MSW) into electricity. The subsystems comprised by the low-temperature gasification system are: a Municipal Solid Waste Handling System; a Plastics Handling System; a Horizontally Oriented Gasifier with Lateral Transfer Units System; a Gas Reformulating System; a Heat Recycling System; a Gas Conditioning System; a Residue Conditioning System; a Gas Homogenization System and a Control System.

A power plant including an air separation unit (ASU) arranged to separate nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and argon from air and produce a stream of substantially pure liquid oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and argon; a steam generator, fired or unfired, arranged to combust a fuel, e.g., natural gas, liquefied natural gas, synthesis gas, coal, petroleum coke, biomass, municipal solid waste or any other gaseous, liquid or solid fuel in the presence of air and a quantity of substantially pure oxygen gas to produce an exhaust gas comprising water, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, nitrogen, sulfur oxides and other trace gases, and a steam-turbine-generator to produce electricity, a primary gas heat exchanger unit for particulate / acid gas / moisture removal and a secondary heat exchanger arranged to cool the remainder of the exhaust gases from the steam generator. Exhaust gases are liquefied in the ASU thereby recovering carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, nitrogen, sulfur oxides, oxygen, and all other trace gases from the steam generator exhaust gas stream. The cooled gases are liquefied in the ASU and separated for sale or re-use in the power plant. Carbon dioxide liquid is transported from the plant for use in enhanced oil recovery or for other commercial use. Carbon dioxide removal is accomplished in the ASU by cryogenic separation of the gases, after directing the stream of liquid nitrogen from the air separation unit to the exhaust gas heat exchanger units to cool all of the exhaust gases including carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur oxides, and other trace gases.

Mechanically and biologically stable briquettes and pellets are obtained from either municipal solid waste (MSW), Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) or municipal sewage sludge and their combination for purposes of disposing said briquettes and pellets as fuel in waste-to-energy processes such as the one described herein or to form geometric aggregates with such briquettes for their disposal at landfill sites. The use of binding material is not required whereas fuel additives such as crushed coal and petroleum residues may be added to enhance fuel performance but are not needed to improve waste processing or product stability and mechanical properties.

A combustible pellet comprising municipal solid waste. The pellet has a water content of less than 10% by weight and a fuel value of at least 10,000 BTU. A process for the forming of a combustible pellet from municipal solid wastes, comprising the steps of removing solid hazardous waste from said municipal solid waste; subjecting the municipal solid waste so obtained to at least one step to separate recyclable products therefrom; and subjecting the resultant product to a shredding and a pulverizing step. A fluff with a water content of less than 10% by weight is obtained. The fluff is compacted to form a combustible pellet.

The process and system of the invention converts carbonaceous feedstock such as coal, hydrocarbon oil, natural gas, petroleum coke, oil shale, carbonaceous-containing waste oil, carbonaceous-containing medical waste, carbonaceous-containing military waste, carbonaceous-containing industrial waste, carbonaceous-containing medical waste, carbonaceous-containing sewage sludge and municipal solid waste, carbonaceous-containing agricultural waste, carbonaceous-containing biomass, biological and biochemical waste, and mixtures thereof into electrical energy without the production of unwanted greenhouse emissions. The process and system uses a combination of a gasifier, e.g., a kiln, operating in the exit range of at least 700° to about 1600° C. (1300-2900° F.) to convert the carbonaceous feedstock and a greenhouse gas stream into a synthesis gas comprising mostly carbon monoxide and hydrogen without the need for expensive catalysts and or high pressure operations. One portion of the synthesis gas from the gasifier becomes electrochemically oxidized in an electricity-producing fuel cell into an exit gas comprising carbon dioxide and water. The latter is recycled back to the gasifier after a portion of water is condensed out. The second portion of the synthesis gas from the gasifier is converted into useful hydrocarbon products.

A system and process to provide integrated control for the pyrolytic composition of organic (biomass) waste products especially for municipal solid waste systems. The system includes integrated control that monitors biomass waste stream throughout the entire system and the products produced therefrom and includes presorting, controlling the amount of material processed in a continuous manner, shredding, removing moisture in a continuous process that is controlled and providing the waste stream to the distillation unit for pyrolytic action where it is converted into gaseous fuel and a char residue. The gaseous fuel is scrubbed clean and monitored and stored and reused to provide heat to the system. The entire system may be self-sustaining and continuous with very little or no human intervention. An integrated real time computer control system includes sensors and measuring devices with all the major components to ensure integrated efficiency.

The invention makes burnable renewal fuel (RF) briquettes from recovered coal from coal slurry ponds, biomass, and a binder. The briquettes may be augmented with one or more of recovered environmental burnable fraction from municipal solid waste (MSW), agricultural livestock waste, lumber processing residue, solid wood waste material, agricultural by-products and crops, and like burnable waste material. Accordingly, the method for making burnable renewal fuel (RF) briquettes includes the steps of recovering coal from coal slurry ponds; recovering biomass; adding a binder to said recovered coal and said biomass; and forming solid burnable RF fuel briquettes therefrom.

Systems and methods are provided for converting organic waste materials from a municipal waste stream to useful products. Organic waste materials having a wide range of compositions such as, for example, yard waste, food waste, paper, and the organic fraction of municipal solid waste are converted into a uniform biomass that is suitable for conversion to useful products, such as fuels. Through the use of a biomixer and a hydropulper, as well as through sorting and screening, the organic waste materials are progressively reduced in size and cleaned of contamination. The resulting uniform biomass is suitable for anaerobic digestion to produce biogas and a residual solid that is suitable for producing a high quality compost.

A Waste to Liquid Hydrocarbon Refinery System that transforms any municipal solid wastes and hazardous industrial wastes, Biomass or any carbon containing feedstock into synthetic hydrocarbon, particularly, but not exclusively, diesel and gasoline and / or electricity and co-generated heat, comprising three major subsystems: i) the Pyro-Electric Thermal Converter (PETC) (10) and Plasma Arc (PA) waste and biomass gasification subsystem (1); ii) the hydrocarbon synthesis subsystem (2); and iii) the electricity generation and heat co-generation subsystem (3).

A hydrocarbon liquid feedstock containing at least 50 wt. % chemically digested organic-MSW material is catalytically hydroconverted utilizing either a single stage or two-stage catalytic reaction process to produce desirable lower-boiling hydrocarbon liquid products. The catalyst can be either a particulate supported type catalyst such as containing cobalt and / or molybdenum and / or nickel on alumina support, or a dispersed slurry type catalyst containing mainly iron oxide with anions of molybdate, phosphate, sulfate or tungstate, and combinations thereof. Broad useful reaction conditions are 600-860° F. (315-460° C.) temperature, 1000-3000 psi hydrogen partial pressure, and fresh feed rate of 20-60 pounds / hr / ft3 reactor volume. Effluent material from the final stage catalytic reactor is phase separated and the resulting liquid portion is fractionated to produce the desired low-boiling hydrocarbon liquid products particularly useful as transportation fuels. If desired, the chemically digested organic-MSW feedstock can be blended with petroleum residua and / or particulate coal and / or mixed waste plastics and the blended feed material processed in catalytic two-stage reactors to produce similar desirable low-boiling hydrocarbon liquid products.

A method for generating energy and / or fuel from the halogenation of a carbon-containing material and / or a sulfur-containing chemical comprises supplying the carbon-containing material (e.g., coal, lignite, biomass, cellulose, milorganite, methane, sewage, animal manure, municipal solid waste, pulp, paper products, food waste) and / or the sulfur-containing chemical (e.g., H2S, SO2, SO3, elemental sulfur) and a first halogen-containing chemical to a reactor. The carbon-containing material and / or the sulfur-containing chemical and the halogen-containing chemical are reacted in the reactor to form a second halogen-containing chemical and carbon dioxide, sulfur and / or sulfuric acid. The second halogen-containing chemical is dissociated (e.g., electrolyzed) to form the first halogen-containing chemical and hydrogen gas (H2). The first halogen-containing chemical can be Br2 and the second halogen-containing chemical can be HBr. Any carbon dioxide formed during reaction can be directed to a prime mover (e.g., turbine) to generate electricity. Any ash and / or sulfur formed can be removed. In some cases a sulfur-containing chemical can be supplied to the reactor with the carbon-containing material.

In one example of an embodiment of the invention, a method for producing an aggregate is disclosed comprising mixing sewage sludge from a waste water treatment facility with a non-coal combustion ash silicoaluminous waste material, agglomerating the mixture to form an agglomerate, and pyroprocessing the agglomerate to form an aggregate. The waste material may comprise municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash, incinerator fly ash, incinerator filter dusts, cement kiln dusts, waste glass, blast furnace slag, kiln dusts, and / or granite sawing residues, for example. The method may further comprise milling the waste material prior to mixing. Preferably, the milling is wet milling. Pyroprocessing of the agglomerate may take place in a rotary kiln. The resulting aggregate may be a lightweight or a normal weight, sintered or vitrified aggregate. Aggregates and methods for making aggregates of high and low calcium silicoaluminous materials are also disclosed.

A method for sorting and comprehensively utilizing municipal solid waste includes steps of: 1) feeding the municipal solid waste into a feeding tank through a feeding inlet, then outputting into a breaking device; 2) breaking refuse bags and large blocks by the breaking device; 3) transporting broken refuse into a two-stage roller screen for screening out dusts with a particle size of less than 3 mm, and hanging strips; and 4) transporting mixed refuse screened by the two-stage screen into a vibrating screen; screening oversize products by a heavy winnowing machine for separating inorganic blocks, large plastics and paper; transporting underflow products into a two-room multi-functional winnowing machine for dividing into heavy materials, light materials and medium materials. By effectively combining sorting devices, effective sorting and reutilization of mixed refuse are achieved. Thereafter, paper, fibers, plastics and kitchen organic refuse are respectively for producing refuse derived fuel, wood-plastic composite and fertilizer.

The invention relates to a method for recovering energy from the organic fraction of urban solid waste comprising the following steps: a) the organic fraction is pre treated with mineral acids, preferably sulfuric acid, during which the fraction is heated by an outer thermal jacket with no steam injection or steam explosion, thereby producing a first slurry containing an insoluble solid susceptible to enzymatic attack by cellulases; b) a step comprising enzymatic hydrolysis using cellulases and simultaneous fermentation, using an ethanologenic microorganism, of the first slurry in order to obtain a second slurry containing diluted ethanol; and c) distillation of the second slurry such as to obtain wet ethanol, a recyclable liquid effluent and a solid.

In one example of an embodiment of the invention, a method for producing an aggregate is disclosed comprising mixing sewage sludge from a waste water treatment facility with a non-coal combustion ash silicoaluminous waste material, agglomerating the mixture to form an agglomerate, and pyroprocessing the agglomerate to form an aggregate. The waste material may comprise municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash, incinerator fly ash, incinerator filter dusts, cement kiln dusts, waste glass, blast furnace slag, kiln dusts, and / or granite sawing residues, for example. The method may further comprise milling the waste material prior to mixing. Preferably, the milling is wet milling. Pyroprocessing of the agglomerate may take place in a rotary kiln. The resulting aggregate may be a lightweight or a normal weight, sintered or vitrified aggregate. Aggregates and methods for making aggregates of high and low calcium silicoaluminous materials are also disclosed.

A method for producing a fuel composition from a feedstock which may contain biomass and municipal solid waste is described. The method includes the step of pyrolyzing the feedstock in the presence of a transition metal, using microwave energy, so that the level of oxygen in at least one product of the pyrolysis is reduced. An integrated process is also described, in which the transition metal can be regenerated. Moreover, pyrolysis products such as bio-oils can be upgraded to liquid fuel compositions. Related systems for producing fuel compositions are also described.

A method for treating municipal solid waste and other waste is provided which comprises: introducing said waste into a rotary autoclave which is downwardly inclined towards its discharge end and has a door at the discharge end; and injecting steam through said door into said autoclave to treat the load. A method is also provided for treating waste, comprising steam autoclaving the waste, anaerobically digesting an organic-rich fraction of the autoclaved waste, recovering methane-containing gas from anaerobic digestion, internally combusting the methane-containing gas to generate power and exhaust gas, and generating steam for autoclaving using the waste heat. A plant for treating the waste may comprise at least one autoclave for steam treating the waste, at least one anaerobic digestion tank for digesting an organic-rich fraction of the autoclaved waste, a recovery system for recovering methane-containing gas from the or each digestion tank, at least one internal combustion engine for combusting the methane-containing gas and generating power, and a steam generator fed with combustion gas from the internal combustion engine for generating and accumulating steam for supply to said at least one autoclave. Also provided is a method of treating waste material in a rotary autoclave, which comprises: loading the waste material into a top opening of the autoclave whilst rotating the autoclave in a first direction in which screw flights within the autoclave convey the waste forwardly along a downwardly inclined body of the autoclave towards a base of the autoclave; rotating the autoclave in a second direction opposite to the first direction so as to establish a circulation of the loaded material between the upper and lower ends of the autoclave to facilitate vacuum and / or steam treatment thereof; and monitoring the load imparted by the autoclave adjacent upper and lower ends thereof during the reverse rotation, increase of the load adjacent the upper end of the autoclave providing an indication of effective load circulation. A door structure for a commercial-scale autoclave based on a castellated door and a locking ring with lock blocks of inwardly facing U-structure is also provided.

The invention discloses a system for squeezing, smashing and winnowing municipal solid waste (MSW). The system comprises a primary squeezing and smashing, device and a secondary smashing and winnowing device. The system of the invention has good effect m squeezing, smashing and winnowing, can greatly reduce the water content of MSW and efficiently separate the MSW into combustible matters and non-combustible matters, so as to facilitate further subsequent utilization of the municipal waste; moreover, an upper jaw of a jaw crusher is connected with a spring device, so that the squeezing pressure, smashing effect and processing capacity of the jaw crusher can be adjusted according to the amount of the MSW. In addition, the system of the invention is further provided with emergency brake switches, spring protection devices and a sieve, so as to ensure the stability and the reliability of the system.

A municipal solid waste material is converted to a refuse derived fuel then to syngas which is processed to produce a liquid feedstream via Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis. The Fischer-Tropsch liquid feedstream is combined with a triglyceride feedstream then hydroprocessed to produce a distillate fuel end product.

A separation system includes an air separator that, in one embodiment, primarily receives Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) containing a mixture of relatively light MSW recyclable materials such as plastic, paper, cardboard, plastic containers, and / or metal containers and relatively heavy MSW such as textiles, food waste, yard debris, etc. The air separator blows the relatively light MSW recyclable materials up though a chamber and onto a first conveyor while the other relatively heavy MSW material drops down a chute onto a second conveyor. A separation screen receives the relatively light MSW recyclable materials from the air separator and separates the relatively flat fiber and plastic film materials from the other paper, plastic and metal containers. In another separation stage, an electrostatic emitter is positioned adjacent to a conveyor for applying an electrostatic charge to the fiber and plastic materials. The electrostatic charge causes at least some of the plastic materials to at least partially cling to the conveyor belt while being carried over an end of the conveyor so that the plastic materials do not drop out as far from the conveyor as the fiber materials.

The invention relates to a roof greening system and greening method. The roof greening system comprises a drain layer composed of a plastic water retention drain plate, a filtering water retention layer composed of a filtering water retention blanket made by waste and old cloth material, a plant layer composed of composite base material made by main materials of construction waste and a vegetable layer composed of the family crassulaceae. The novel roof greening system provided by the invention is reasonable in hierarchy, is proper in material selection and has the characteristics of drought resistance, light weight, environmental protection, heat preservation heat insulation and low cost. The invention uses a great amount of construction waste brickbat and household garbage waste and old cloth material, is beneficial to disposing over-growing urban solid waste and realizes recycling of resources.

A low-temperature gasification system comprising a horizontally oriented gasifier is provided that optimizes the extraction of gaseous molecules from carbonaceous feedstock while minimizing waste heat. The system comprises a plurality of integrated subsystems that work together to convert municipal solid waste (MSW) into electricity. The subsystems comprised by the low-temperature gasification system are: a Municipal Solid Waste Handling System; a Plastics Handling System; a Horizontally Oriented Gasifier with Lateral Transfer Units System; a Gas Reformulating System; a Heat Recycling System; a Gas Conditioning System; a Residue Conditioning System; a Gas Homogenization System and a Control System.

Processes and apparatus for treating organic and inorganic materials in a metal bath contained in a high temperature reactor to produce synthesis gas are provided. Two or more feed materials that possess differing syngas generation potentials are mixed in a mixer and fed as a composite feed stream into a gasifier to produce syngas. The feed materials are prepared and analyzed for heat value prior to injection and the composition of materials in and exiting the reactor are monitored. By controlling the feed rate of the mixture into the gasifier as well as the feed rates of one or more of the individual feed materials into the mixer, the syngas is produced at a target production rate, with target energy content (BTU). Based upon the results of the analysis and monitoring, oxygen, steam, and / or other feed materials are also injected into the reactor, to control processing and synthesis gas quality. Potential feed materials include, but are not limited to, construction and demolition (C&D) debris, municipal solid waste (MSW), other sewage-related solids, waste tires, and other substances that contain varying levels of organic compounds capable of producing a syngas.

A separation system includes an air separator that in one embodiment primarily receives Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) containing relatively light MSW recyclable materials such as paper, cardboard, plastic containers, and / or metal containers. The air separator blows the relatively light MSW recyclable materials up though a chamber and onto a first conveyer while the other relatively heavy MSW material drops down a chute onto a second conveyer. A separation screen receives the relatively light MSW recyclable materials from the air separator and separates the relatively flat paper and cardboard from the plastic and metal containers.

An integrated system and process for the treatment of organic fractions of municipal solid waste is described herein. The system and the process transform solid waste into fuel and energy. The integrated system and process comprise various different processes for pretreatment, sorting / separating, anaerobic digestion and conversion of biomass and gas to various gasseous, liquid and solid fuels and electricity.

After separating from solid urban waste an organic fraction containing biological cells, the latter is extruded through a grid having small-bore holes, under a pressure higher than the bursting pressure of the cell membranes, so that most of these are disrupted and a gel of a doughy consistency is produced. The gel is then loaded into a biodigester, where it is readily attacked by bacteria.

The present invention pertains to a method and an apparatus for treating municipal solid waste, and more particularly to a method and an apparatus for treating and recycling municipal solid waste not separately collected, and also for minimizing the amount of final waste to be buried. To this end, the present invention is characterized by comprising the steps of: an input step of inputting the municipal solid waste and microorganisms to a reactor; a first reaction step of firstly reacting the municipal solid waste with the microorganisms input to the reactor in the input step; a first separation step of transferring first intermediate matters completing the first reaction in the reactor to a first separator and then separating organic matters (it may also comprise small-sized inorganic matters passing through the screen of the first separator, also referred to as “second intermediate matters”) and inorganic matters, further comprising a recycled material recovering step of separating and recovering the recycled material by properties for recycling the inorganic matters; a second reaction step of transferring second intermediate matters passing through the first separator to a decomposing field constructed with good air circulation and then carrying out second reaction of the second intermediate matters; a second separation step of transferring third intermediate matters completing the second reaction in the decomposing field to a second separator and then separating foreign matters from the third intermediate matters; and a post-treatment step of post-treating fourth intermediate matters separated in the second separation step to make a final material.

An apparatus and method to internally provide apertures inside PVC, HDPE, or plastic pipe-riser (blank casing) in existing methane gas recovery wells (extraction wells) that have been installed at Municipal Solid Waste Facilities are described. Apertures in methane well risers allow methane gas, LFG derived from the decomposition of waste, to enter the existing riser and extraction system. This process saves time and cost associated with drilling additional wells to retrieve methane gas from subsequent layers of the waste body. The process assists in maintaining regulatory compliance by capturing LFG and preventing it from being emitted into the atmosphere.