The present invention discloses a polygon contour similarity detection method. The method comprises: removing an irregular part in figures; establishing a mathematical model of two figures, a complete vector set that describes the figures establishing a feature matrix corresponding to the figures, and calculating an included angle between two adjacent edges; calculating the shortest distance between the two figures; and performing enhanced processing on a calculating result. The polygon contour similarity detection method improves the visual discrimination effect of a machine on figure similarity, and is especially helpful in solving the problem that it is not easy for people to discriminate high-similarity figures; the figure detection effect has relatively high stability and reliability; and the detection time is short, the operation is efficient, and the effect implementation cost is low. According to the polygon contour similarity detection method, only the edges of the figures are inquired, thereby reducing data processing amount. According to the polygon contour similarity detection method, the feature matrix of the figures is constructed, appropriate determination criteria are selected, multi-time enhancement nonlinear transformation is performed on feature matrix elements, and a similarity standard is established by using a multi-value and multi-standard weighted average, so that an algorithm is efficient and has relatively high stability.