The invention belongs to the technical field of oil-gas exploration seismic
data processing, and particularly discloses a stratum Q value
estimation method and
system based on time-
frequency domain two-dimensional Legendre polynomial
decomposition. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, calculating a time-varying logarithmic amplitude spectrum of seismic data based on short-time
Fourier transform, and then mapping the time-varying logarithmic amplitude spectrum of the seismic data into a two-dimensional square integrable function space spanned by a Legendre polynomial; and performing two-dimensional Legendre polynomial
decomposition on the time-varying logarithmic amplitude spectrum of the seismic data to estimate a time-varying
wavelet amplitude spectrum, and finally calculating a stratum equivalent Q value by using the time-varying
wavelet amplitude spectrum. According to the method, the Legendre polynomial
decomposition is used for estimating the time-varying
wavelet amplitude spectrum, and compared with a method for decomposing the amplitude spectrum into Fourier series and a traditional polynomial, the method has the advantages of being fast in convergence, high in approximation capability, capable of reducing matrix morbidity and the like, can eliminate influences of factors such as local strong reflection and waveform
coupling, and improves stability and precision of Q value
estimation.