237 results about "Wire resistance" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of solar cells, in particular to a back contact solar cell, a preparation method thereof and a cell assembly, a mixed metal electrode structure is adopted, a fine gate electrode in an overlapping area of a main gate electrode and the fine gate electrode is removed, and a metal composite layer below the fine gate electrode is used for replacing a traditional fine gate electrode, so that the back contact solar cell is obtained. A cross structure in space between the fine gate electrode and the main gate electrode is avoided, poor short circuit caused by insufficient effective insulation thickness is reduced, improvement of the yield of the battery is facilitated, meanwhile, the discontinuous length of the fine gate electrode and the width of the main gate electrode are limited, a more abundant error range is provided for welding of a welding strip, and the welding quality of the battery is improved. By limiting the ratio of the thickness of the composite conductive layer to the width of the composite conductive layer in the first direction, the linear resistivity of the composite conductive layer is guaranteed, and extra power loss caused by too high resistivity is avoided; a fine gate electrode is replaced by the flat composite conductive layer, so that the thickness of the insulating layer is greatly reduced, and the material cost of the insulating layer is saved.

The invention discloses an anti-interference resistance detection circuit board and system based on four-wire system measurement, and relates to the technical field of industrial automatic detection. Aiming at the problems of low measurement precision, weak interference resistance and limited channel expansion of a traditional two-wire system, a current loop and a voltage sampling loop which are independently and electrically isolated are adopted, and a lead resistance error is eliminated through Kelvin connection; an EMI filter, a photoelectric coupler and a double-layer shielding cable are integrated, so that the influence of electromagnetic interference and a ground loop is inhibited; a single circuit board supports the parallel connection of at least two measuring units, realizes the cascade connection of multiple boards by combining an EtherCAT bus, and supports 384 channels at most. The measuring error is smaller than or equal to + / -0.1%, the single-channel detection time is smaller than or equal to 10 ms, the requirements of high-density and high-beat scenes such as perovskite photovoltaic glass are met, the method is suitable for 100-100 Momega wide-range resistance measurement, the signal transmission error rate in the industrial strong electromagnetic environment is extremely low, and the detection precision and the system reliability are remarkably improved.

The invention provides a temperature control system and method, electronic equipment and a storage medium, and relates to the technical field of semiconductor laser temperature control. The temperature control system is used for the vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, and comprises a temperature measurement assembly which is used for measuring the real-time temperature of the vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser and providing a feedback signal; the digital PID algorithm assembly is connected with the temperature measuring assembly and is used for determining a control signal according to the feedback signal and a set temperature; and the power driving assembly is connected with the digital PID algorithm assembly and is used for providing driving current according to the control signal so as to adjust the temperature of the vertical cavity surface emitting laser. According to the invention, a four-wire system wiring method is adopted to eliminate lead resistance errors, and a high-precision element is matched, so that the temperature detection precision reaches 2mK, and the accuracy is remarkably improved.

The invention provides copper slurry and a preparation method thereof, a copper electrode, a solar cell and a photovoltaic module, and belongs to the technical field of conductive materials. The copper slurry comprises a dispersion medium and copper particles dispersed in the dispersion medium, the copper particles comprise first copper particles, second copper particles, third copper particles and fourth copper particles; the particle size range of the first copper particles is 1-10 [mu] m, the particle size range of the second copper particles is 500-999 nm, and the particle size range of the third copper particles is 101-499 nm; the first copper particles, the second copper particles and the third copper particles are elementary copper particles, and the fourth copper particles are cuprous hydride nanoparticles; at least part of the fourth copper particles are attached to the surfaces of the first copper particles and / or the second copper particles and / or the third copper particles. Therefore, the fourth copper particles are interconnected among the three copper particles, more transmission channels are provided, the wire resistance is reduced, and the conductivity is improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of memory bank testing, and discloses a server mainboard memory bank plugging and unplugging test system which comprises a mechanical plugging and unplugging module, a sensor module, a pre-detection module, a test analysis module and a result display module.According to the server mainboard memory bank plugging and unplugging test system, automatic operation is achieved through the mechanical plugging and unplugging module, and accuracy and efficiency are improved; the sensor module adopts a four-wire system resistance measurement sensor, the contact resistance is accurately measured, and the contact detection precision is guaranteed; the pre-detection module can screen out memory banks with appearance scratches in advance from multi-angle image acquisition and equal-interval grid division to accurate pixel value analysis by utilizing a scientific appearance detection process; the test analysis module comprehensively evaluates the performance, the contact state judgment is clear, and the memory read-write and stability test is rigorous and scientific; a test report generated by the result display module visually shows results of scratch, contact, read-write, stability and the like, comprehensive information is provided for operators, and efficient judgment of the performance of the memory bank is assisted.

The utility model discloses a mounting structure of a wire wound resistor, comprising two brackets for detachably connecting with the resistor, the two brackets are symmetrically distributed along the length direction of the resistor, the brackets comprise an elastic metal sheet and a conductive cap, the upper end of the elastic metal sheet is welded and fixed to the outer side of the conductive cap, the inner side of the conductive cap is provided with an assembly cavity adapted to the resistor end cap, and the spacing between the inner walls of the assembly cavities on the two conductive caps is less than the length of the resistor. The resistor of the utility model is more convenient to replace later, saving time and effort, and the replacement efficiency is improved.

A gas-liquid two-phase flow resistance-capacitance double-probe corrosion monitoring device mainly comprises a single-wire resistance probe measuring assembly and a single-wire capacitance probe measuring assembly. The monofilament resistance probes are arranged along the axial direction of the pipeline and cling to the inner wall, the monofilament capacitance probes are arranged along the radial direction of the pipeline and vertical to the inner wall, and the monofilament resistance probes and the monofilament capacitance probes are arranged along the pipeline in a staggered manner at intervals in the circumferential direction. Compared with the prior art, the single-wire resistance probe assembly and the single-wire capacitance probe assembly are combined, the corrosion condition and gas-liquid phase section distribution of the pipeline can be measured at the same time, the single-wire resistance probe assembly and the single-wire capacitance probe assembly are suitable for various flow patterns, the precision is high, the response speed is high, and a new technology and a new measurement means are provided for monitoring corrosion occurring parts and researching corrosion rules.

The utility model relates to the technical field of resistance measurement, in particular to a resistance measuring device for online detection of copper pipes, comprising: a base, two groups of moving parts are arranged inside the base, the moving parts are provided with spur racks, a supporting part is arranged on the base, gears are coaxially arranged on the supporting part, the gears are respectively connected with the two groups of spur racks, an adjusting component is arranged on the base, and the adjusting component is connected with a group of moving parts; a measuring probe and a supporting component, the measuring probe is arranged on the moving part through the supporting component; the probe spacing is simply and efficiently adjusted to meet the online resistance detection needs of copper pipes of different specifications.

The invention discloses a method for determining the warping degree of a circuit board and electronic equipment, relates to the technical field of circuit board manufacturing quality detection, and aims to determine the relation between the wire length variation and the warping height, determine the second function relation of the sectional area change according to the wire sectional area change, and determine the warping degree of the circuit board after the wire is warped. And subsequent deformation processing can be conveniently carried out according to the change of the resistance so as to determine the relation between the impedance and the warping degree. And determining a third function relationship of resistance change according to the wire resistivity relational expression and the first resistance after the circuit board is warped, and determining a warpage model corresponding to the wire impedance based on the three function relationships, thereby simplifying the warpage detection process and improving the detection accuracy. The problems that in a conventional technical scheme, measurement standards are not uniform and accuracy is reduced due to the fact that the warping degree is detected in a manual mode are solved, and the technical effects that the actual warping degree is determined according to the model between the wire impedance and the warping degree established by the wire, and accuracy and detection efficiency are improved are achieved.

The invention discloses a super-large-scale in-memory computing core circuit for solving an IR-Drop problem, belongs to the field of microelectronic technology and artificial intelligence, and determines that precision reduction caused by line resistance is an approximately linear error by analyzing an intrinsic physical equation of a line resistance network. Through the analysis of an approximate analysis formula, the linear error is only related to the parameters of the line resistance network. This means that different input voltage vectors produce an approximately linear error of the same column output current. Therefore, through collaborative design of devices, layout and circuits, line resistance of rows and columns is adjusted so as to maximize linearization of errors, and the errors are eliminated through adjacent differential pair read-out design and sampling resistance trimming; meanwhile, a fully differential ADC is designed by combining an adjacent differential readout circuit, and isolation sampling of current and error compensation of line resistance are achieved.

The invention provides a test structure and a test method thereof, which are applied to the technical field of semiconductors. In the invention, a first tested element and a second tested element are arranged in a mutually separated manner along a first direction, each pad group comprises a first sub-pad and a second sub-pad which are arranged in a mutually separated manner, electric connecting wires comprise a first electric connecting wire and a second electric connecting wire, and the sizes of the first sub-pad and the second sub-pad are set to be the same. The resistance values of the first electric connecting wire and the second electric connecting wire are the same, so that when the same probe is used for testing the first tested element and the second tested element, the contact resistances between the first sub-bonding pad and the second sub-bonding pad which are the same in size and the probe are the same; the resistance values of the first electric connecting line and the second electric connecting line with the same resistance value can be offset during difference operation, so that the influence of the contact resistance and the resistance of the electric connecting lines in the transistor element on the measurement accuracy of the on-resistance of the transistor element is avoided, namely, the purpose of reducing the measurement error is achieved.

The embodiment of the invention provides a detection method of an insulation monitoring circuit and related equipment, which are used for improving the monitoring precision in an insulation monitoring scheme. The method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: respectively sampling resistors on an output live wire of a live wire sampling circuit and an output zero wire of a zero wire sampling circuit to obtain a live wire sampling resistor and a zero wire sampling resistor; based on the sampling frequency and the sampling period, storing all live wire sampling resistors and all null line sampling resistors, and determining the maximum value of all live wire sampling resistors as a live wire resistance calibration value and the maximum value of all null line sampling resistors as a null line resistance calibration value in the sampling period and the sampling frequency; and according to the live wire resistance calibration value and the zero line resistance calibration value, performing judgment with a calibration parameter value of a sampling circuit of at least one ADC to obtain a target judgment result, so as to realize judgment operation of the maximum resistance value among the output live wire, the output zero line and the ground wire according to the target judgment result.

The invention relates to the field of power equipment maintenance, in particular to a hot-line work complete tool and a wire clamp oxidation degree detection method, which comprises the following steps: acquiring contact resistance original data and environment temperature data of a wire clamp in hot-line work; eliminating wire resistance interference by adopting a four-wire method, and calculating an original contact resistance value of the wire clamp; based on a copper material temperature coefficient and an oxide layer influence coefficient, performing temperature compensation correction on the original resistance value to obtain an actual contact resistance value; and according to the actual contact resistance value and the wear trend, the oxidation grade of the wire clamp is dynamically judged, and a maintenance threshold value is adjusted. After the contact resistance original data and the environment temperature data of the wire clamp are obtained, the wire resistance interference is eliminated through the four-wire method, the original contact resistance value of the wire clamp is preliminarily calculated, then the actual contact resistance value is obtained by conducting temperature compensation correction on the original resistance value, and therefore the abrasion resistance of the wire clamp is calculated according to the actual contact resistance value and the abrasion trend. And dynamically judging the oxidation grade of the wire clamp and adjusting the maintenance threshold.

The utility model is applicable to the technical field of resistor production, and provides a precision sampling alloy resistor, which comprises a carrier and four pins, two pins are respectively arranged on two sides of the carrier, a gap is formed between the two pins on the same side, and the four-pin structure enables the alloy resistor to have more stable support, can better bear the load of current, and is more stable in performance. The stability and the reliability of the system are improved; one of the two pins on the same side is used for connecting a current lead, the other pin is used for connecting a voltage sampling lead, meanwhile, a four-wire detection circuit is adopted, two current leads are used for transmitting current, and the other two voltage sampling leads are used for measuring voltage, so that the influence of lead resistance on current measurement can be eliminated, and the sampling precision is improved.

The utility model discloses a gold bonding wire resistance testing device, and relates to the technical field of gold bonding wire production, the gold bonding wire resistance testing device comprises a testing rack and a strip rail, the testing rack is a U-shaped structure with a notch facing the front surface, a fixed length ruler is arranged on the side surface of the testing rack, scale marks are distributed on the fixed length ruler at equal intervals along the extension direction, and the strip rail is arranged on the testing rack. The strip rail is fixed in the middle of the testing rack, and a sliding block slides on the front face of the strip rail. According to the gold bonding wire resistance testing device provided by the invention, a laser diameter measuring instrument slides on a strip rail in the middle of a testing rack through a back sliding block and is fixed through an adjusting screw, so that a tested gold bonding wire penetrates through a measuring area of the laser diameter measuring instrument to obtain the cross sectional area of the tested gold bonding wire, and the resistance of the tested gold bonding wire is measured according to the formula that resistance = resistivity * length / cross sectional area, namely R = pl / s. The resistivity can be calculated according to a formula, the resistivity reflects the doping amount of the gold bonding wire to a certain extent, the quality of the tested gold bonding wire can be synchronously detected, and the functionality of the test rack is enriched.

This invention relates to the field of structural health monitoring of nuclear power plant equipment, and in particular to a method for testing the performance of high-temperature resistant long-wire strain gauges. The method includes: Step 1: Determining the temperature step for strain testing of the strain gauge; Step 2: Installing the strain gauge on a measuring beam; Step 3: Conducting room-temperature performance testing of the strain gauge; Step 4: Increasing the temperature of the high-temperature loading furnace, and repeating Step 3 under different temperature step conditions, respectively measuring and collecting the strain output, strain gauge lead-end resistance, and lead resistance of the strain gauge at each temperature step; Step 5: Calculating the actual strain; Step 6: Calculating the loaded strain; Step 7: Calculating the relative sensitivity coefficient. This invention enables the testing and calibration of the thermal output and sensitivity coefficient of high-temperature resistant long-wire strain gauges as a function of temperature. It provides accurate test data for the accurate testing and calibration of the thermal output and sensitivity coefficient of high-temperature resistant long-wire strain gauges as a function of temperature, and is of great significance.

The utility model relates to the technical field of thermal printing head manufacturing, in particular to a heating substrate for a thermal printing head with uniform printing concentration, which is reasonable in structure and capable of compensating printing concentration deviation caused by resistance deviation of a common electrode wire so as to remarkably improve printing quality. The width of the local ground coat layer is gradually reduced from the two ends to the center, the width range of the local ground coat layer is 0.5-2.0 mm, and the thickness range of the local ground coat layer is 10-60 microns.

The invention provides a guide wire force measuring device for a vascular interventional operation, which comprises a consumable module and a driving module, a clamping mechanism for clamping a guide wire is arranged in the consumable module, and a force measuring sensor and a driving part for driving the clamping mechanism to act are arranged in the driving module. The force measuring sensor is connected with the driving component, resistance borne by the guide wire in the delivery process is transmitted to the force measuring sensor through the clamping mechanism and the driving component in sequence, and the resistance borne by the guide wire is indirectly measured through the force measuring sensor. The force transducer is arranged in the driving module, the clamping mechanism is driven by the driving component to clamp the guide wire, resistance borne by the guide wire in the delivery process is transmitted to the force transducer through the clamping mechanism and the driving component in sequence, and the resistance borne by the guide wire is indirectly measured through the force transducer. The resistance of the guide wire does not need to be approximately converted through the current of the motor, so that the measurement precision of the resistance borne by the guide wire is greatly improved.

The invention relates to an electrochemical energy store (1), containing a cell assembly (10) having at least two electrochemical cells (11, 12) each of which has a positive pole (111, 121) and a negative pole (112, 122); a first cell connector (21) to which the positive poles (111, 121) of the electrochemical cells (11, 12) are integrally bonded such that at least one connection point (3) is formed; and a second cell connector (22) to which the negative poles (112, 122) of the electrochemical cells (11, 12) are integrally bonded such that at least one connection point (3) is formed, wherein a contact surface of the integrally bonded connection points (3) increases as the internal resistance of the respective electrochemical cell (11, 12) and / or a line resistance of the first cell connector (21) and / or a line resistance of the second cell connector (22) increases. The invention also relates to a method for producing such an electrochemical energy store (1).

The application provides a bonded substrate and a bonding method. A bonded substrate formed by bonding a first substrate and a second substrate comprises: an internal heat dissipation structure, which is a metal layer arranged around a metal column and embedded in at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate; and a heat conduction structure connected to the internal heat dissipation structure and exposed to a surface of the bonded substrate. The application can greatly improve the heat dissipation efficiency of a three-dimensional stacked chip by adding the internal heat dissipation structure, the external heat dissipation structure and the heat conduction structure without changing the existing chip stacking process, thereby solving the problems of increased power consumption and reduced working speed of the chip caused by the increased working temperature of the chip and the increased resistance of the wire, and prolonging the service life of the chip.

This invention belongs to the field of automated control system technology, specifically relating to a calibration device for a four-wire resistance thermometer (RTD) measurement channel. The invention includes a measuring device, a mobile control terminal, and a production management system. The mobile control terminal is wirelessly connected to both the measuring device and the production management system. The measuring device performs measurements of the pairwise resistance, the four-wire resistance value, and the insulation value to ground of the four-wire RTD, as well as discharge operations. The mobile control terminal records and stores the measurement data from the measuring device. Its connection to the nuclear power plant's production management system allows it to read the collected values ​​and corrected temperature values ​​from the measurement channel, enabling automatic recording and qualification judgment of the channel calibration data. This invention frees workers from mechanical and tedious manual operations and switching between different measuring instruments, improving work efficiency and reducing the risk of human error.

The application discloses a sheet type integrated platinum film heat flow sensor for a hypersonic shock tunnel, which comprises a glass substrate in a sheet shape, a plurality of platinum thin film lines arranged on the surface of the glass substrate along the width direction of the glass substrate, and silver paste contacts corresponding to the platinum thin film lines arranged on the side edges of the glass substrate and electrically connected with the platinum thin film lines, wherein the end of the silver paste contact away from the platinum thin film line is used for welding a lead wire. The sheet type integrated platinum thin film line resistance sensor has the characteristics of high frequency response of a two-millimeter-diameter thin film sensor. After the thickness of the glass substrate as a sensor bearing substrate is reduced, the sensor can be applied to a particularly thin part of an aircraft for heat measurement, and a measurement point with a gradient range is formed on the glass substrate, so that the aerodynamic heat of the aircraft surface with a certain gradient can be measured.

The invention relates to a device and method for measuring the resistance of a spherical furnace burden, and belongs to the technical field of metallurgical production. The device comprises an insulating shell and a furnace charge placing cavity arranged in the shell and used for accommodating a furnace charge to be detected. An opening is formed in the top side of the furnace charge containing cavity and is closed through an adjusting plate in sliding fit with the insulating shell, and a first contact pin and a second contact pin are installed on the adjusting plate. Four upright posts are arranged at the bottom of the placing cavity, two upright posts are insulators, and the other two upright posts are a third contact pin and a fourth contact pin which are made of conductors. The first contact pin and the third contact pin are connected with a voltmeter through wires to form a voltage loop. The second contact pin and the fourth contact pin are connected with the ammeter through wires to form a current loop. The method comprises the following steps: placing a spherical furnace charge in an insulating shell, adjusting the contact position of a contact pin and the furnace charge, supplying power by using a constant-current power supply, recording voltage and current values, and calculating the contact resistance according to R = U / I. The device effectively reduces the influence of wire resistance and contact resistance on a measurement result, improves the accuracy of low-resistance measurement, and is suitable for spherical furnace charges with different particle sizes and components, including waste steel, direct reduction iron and the like. The sliding design of the adjusting plate simplifies the operation process and improves the test efficiency.

The utility model relates to the technical field of circuit protection, in particular to an energy-saving explosion-proof leadless resistor fusing device, which comprises a base mechanism, the base mechanism comprises a high-strength insulator, the lower end of the high-strength insulator is fixedly connected with a trunnion used for connection, the lower end of the trunnion is fixedly connected with a trunnion sleeve, the trunnion sleeve is rotatably connected with a fusing mechanism, and the fusing mechanism is connected with the high-strength insulator. The fusing mechanism comprises a fuse tube, the fuse tube is hollow, quartz sand is arranged in the fuse tube, the lower end of the fuse tube is fixedly connected with a lower metal hoop, the lower metal hoop is rotationally connected with the trunnion sleeve, an exhaust channel is arranged in the lower metal hoop, a groove is formed in the upper surface of the lower metal hoop, wood alloy is connected in the groove in a sleeved mode, and the wood alloy is arranged in the groove. According to the energy-saving anti-explosion leadless resistor fusing device, special anti-explosion structures and materials are adopted, and when the energy-saving anti-explosion leadless resistor fusing device is fused, rising of the internal pressure can be dredged, the shell is prevented from being broken and exploded, and the safety of surrounding personnel and equipment is ensured.

The invention belongs to the technical field of oil exploitation, and particularly relates to a water distributor with a detection function, which comprises a flow detection device and a fixed connection pipeline device, the flow detection device comprises an installation groove bottom, a heat conduction glue layer, a mica sheet heat conduction layer, a platinum wire heating temperature measurement layer, a platinum wire lead, an insulation glue layer, a lead hole, a lead groove, a plug sealing ring, a pressing block, a threaded plug and a detection sensor. The flow detection device is installed on the sensor installation body, the platinum wire is continuously electrified and heated for a period of time during measurement, heat generated when the platinum wire is heated can be continuously diffused to the mica heat conduction layer on the lower side and then diffused to the bottom of the installation groove, and when the platinum wire resistor R is heated, the resistance rises; the water flow in the pipeline brings away different heat at the bottom of the mounting groove due to the change of the flow, and then the maximum value of the platinum wire resistance is decreased at different speeds.

The invention relates to the technical field of resistance detection, in particular to a constructional engineering electrical grounding resistance detection device which comprises a resistance detection box, a plurality of wiring terminals are arranged in the resistance detection box, detection lines are inserted into the wiring terminals, a winding cavity is formed in the resistance detection box, and two guide wheels are rotationally connected to the side wall of the winding cavity. A tensioning wheel is arranged between the two guide wheels, an elastic telescopic rod is fixed between a mounting seat of the tensioning wheel and the inner wall of the winding cavity, and in the pulling process, when the elastic telescopic rod is used for shrinking and avoiding, a piston pushes gas in a fixed cylinder to a flow guide pipe and discharges the gas to an air bag through the flow guide pipe, so that the air bag is inflated to expand and extrudes a wire, and the wire is wound. And the clamping force on the detection line is increased, so that the stability of the detection line is ensured when the detection line is pulled.

The invention discloses a high-temperature dynamic strain test system and method, and relates to the technical field of high-temperature vibration test and strain measurement, and the system comprises a high-temperature loading measurement unit, a signal extension shielding line and a signal conditioning unit. The high-temperature loading measurement unit comprises a high-temperature strain measurement sheet and a compensation sheet which are respectively adhered to the tested piece and the accompanying test piece, and the high-temperature strain measurement sheet and the compensation sheet are in common-ground connection through a shielding layer by adopting a five-wire wiring method; the signal conditioning unit adopts a symmetrically-arranged double constant current source power supply and differential amplification structure, so that sensitivity deviation and common-mode noise interference caused by lead resistance change are effectively inhibited; according to the method, the maximum strain point is accurately positioned through the combination of finite element simulation and test, a dynamic resistance signal is directly converted by adopting constant-current excitation, and accurate acquisition of a strain signal in a high-temperature vibration environment is realized. According to the invention, the problems of obvious lead resistance influence and insufficient noise suppression capability in traditional measurement are solved, and high-precision and high-reliability measurement of dynamic strain of high-temperature parts such as aero-engine blades is realized.

The present invention discloses an electronic paper and its driving module, comprising: a main driving port for outputting a periodic voltage sequence; a parallel branch group comprising n branches, one end of each branch being connected to the main driving port and the other end being connected to the cholesteric liquid crystal layer of the electronic paper module via an AC common-level wiring; an adjustment resistor unit comprising m groups of adjustment resistors, one group of adjustment resistors being connected in series between any two of the n branches, where n ≥ 4 and m ≥ 2; and an impedance balancing logic unit for configuring the resistance values ​​of the m groups of adjustment resistors according to the wiring resistance values ​​of each branch, so that the total impedance of all branches is equal. The electronic paper driving module of the present application compensates for the uneven current distribution caused by the wiring resistance differences by connecting differentiated adjustment resistors in series in different branches, making the total impedance of all branches equal, thereby balancing the charge and discharge currents and avoiding the problem of device burning caused by local overcurrent in high-temperature environments.

The present invention provides a method and system for adaptively adjusting the charging current of electronic detonators, including: a detonator, a two-wire bus connected to the detonator, and a plurality of electronic detonators connected in parallel to the two-wire bus; the detonator adjusts the charging current inside the electronic detonator chip based on its own load-carrying capacity, the number of electronic detonators, and the bus resistance, so as to limit the maximum charging current on the bus. The number of networked electronic detonators can be obtained through pre-networking barcode scanning and registration or online scanning after networking, and the detonator bus resistance can be estimated using two or more feedback current levels inside the electronic detonator chip. Multiple charging current levels are designed inside the electronic detonator chip, and the selection of these feedback currents and charging current levels can be achieved through instructions issued by the detonator. This solves the problem of detonator misfiring caused by abnormal charging of electronic detonators in different blasting scenarios.

The present application relates to the technical field of test piece, in particular to a superhard alloy head test piece with super-small Kelvin gap. It comprises two metal test pieces, and superhard alloy heads are embedded in the two metal test pieces. In the present application, the super-small Kelvin gap with a size of 0.015 mm and the isolation design of the insulating layer can effectively separate the current and voltage transmission paths, accurately eliminate the interference of the wire resistance and the contact resistance on the measurement results, meet the high-precision requirement of the super-small pin in the precision test, and the superhard alloy heads are embedded in the special-shaped grooves of the metal test pieces, the high hardness of more than 70HRC and the high-temperature resistance of more than 1000 DEG C are utilized to significantly reduce the ablation loss of the metal test piece during use, even in high-frequency test or high-temperature environment, the stable contact of the first contact head and the second contact head with the measured object can be ensured, the reliability of the contact performance is maintained, and the service life of the test piece is prolonged.