The invention relates to a non-contact ultrasonic thickness gauge with high detection precision. The non-contact ultrasonic thickness gauge comprises a main unit, a connecting line, a holding rod anda detection box; the detection box is internally provided with a detection mechanism and two polishing mechanisms, each polishing mechanism comprises a side plate, a shrinking plate, a shrinking assembly, a reciprocating assembly, a reciprocating plate and a polishing assembly, each polishing assembly comprises a polishing block, a plurality of springs and two orientation units, each orientation unit comprises an orientation rod and a bump, and the detection mechanism comprises a lifting assembly, a lifting plate, a steering assembly, a steering plate, a probe and a plurality of contact rods.According to the non-contact ultrasonic thickness gauge with the high detection precision, the polishing blocks move back and forth on the surface of a workpiece through the polishing mechanisms, ruston the workpiece is eliminated, the workpiece is restored to be smooth, and the detection is facilitated; moreover, the direction of the probe is adjusted through the detection mechanism so that theprobe can be aligned with the workpiece, the probe is prevented from wear while the detection precision is improved, the service life of the probe is prolonged, and the practicability of the gauge isimproved.