The invention provides an urban environment data dynamic monitoring and real-time marking electronic map system and a use method. The system comprises an environment data acquisition unit and a remote online server. The environment data acquisition unit comprises a box body, a central processing unit, a power supply module, a display module, an environment parameter sensor, a GPS positioning module and a wireless communication module, and is characterized in that the central processing unit, the power supply module, the GPS positioning module and the wireless communication module are installed in the box body, the display module is installed on a panel of the box body, a probe of the environment parameter sensor is installed at the position of a window formed in the box body, the GPS positioning module and an antenna of the wireless communication module are installed outside the box body, and a fixed installation part and a handle or a strap are arranged on the box body. The system is convenient to carry or move, various urban environment data can be densely acquired on the aspects of time and place, so that the data can be gathered, an electronic map can be dynamically marked with the data, and the data can be sent to a network to be looked over by people at any time.