The invention discloses a device and method for monitoring the evolution and distribution of a mining-induced fracture. Generation, evolution and distribution of the mining-induced fracture are monitored through a method of monitoring 
acoustic wave or vibration generated in fracture of 
coal or rock. The device mainly comprises an anti-explosion 
acoustic wave monitor, an anti-explosion power source and a ground monitoring 
analysis center, wherein the anti-explosion 
acoustic wave monitor consists of a sonic sensor and a 
signal conversion and 
data acquisition instrument; the sonic sensor is arranged on a roadway base plate, an anchor rod 
tail end or a 
drill hole; and an acoustic wave or vibration 
signal monitored by the sonic sensor is collected and processed by the 
signal conversion and data collection instrument, and is transmitted to the ground monitoring 
analysis center through an 
optical fiber port to be subjected to 
processing, positioning and quantitative analyzing and be labeled on a plane, a cross section or a space diagram according to the position and size, so as to show the position and size of the fracture. The device and method provided by the invention has the beneficial effects of large monitoring range, a large amount of comprehensive monitoring information, high 
automation degree, strong instantaneity and capability of being applied to monitoring and forecastingthe 
coal rock dynamic disasters, such as 
rock burst, and outburst and water burst of 
coal and gas and the like.