The invention discloses a graph spectrum and reachable path number-based sub-graph query method for an undirected weighted graph. The method comprises the steps of 1, calculating codes of node marks of a query graph and graphs in a known graph data set, codes of weighted adjacent edge marks and a code of a reachable path number; 2, generating graph spectrums of the query graph and the graphs in the known graph data set; 3, by using the codes of the node marks of the graphs in the known graph data set, the codes of the weighted adjacent edge marks, the code of the reachable path number and thegraph spectrums, constructing an index tree; and 4, comparing the query graph and the node graphs of the index tree layer by layer from top to bottom, and meanwhile, performing screening, until the bottommost layer is screened out, wherein the obtained graphs are candidate graphs similar to the query graph. According to the method, the topological information of the graph is better described. Meanwhile, the features are coded, so that the storage is easy, the operation is simple, the comparison between the features can be accelerated, and the query speed of the whole sub-graph can be increased.