1398 results about "Data visualization" patented technology

The invention discloses a multi-modal visual arrangement recommendation method, belongs to the technical field of artificial intelligence and data visualization crossing, and realizes visual arrangement recommendation based on multi-modal input analysis, a dynamic mixed recommendation model and an intelligent optimization algorithm. Comprising the following steps: multi-modal intention analysis: realizing intelligent analysis of multi-modal input through combined use of a base model and a fine tuning model, realizing high-precision intention classification in combination with a pre-training language model and a domain adaptation fine tuning technology, and triggering dynamic prompt word recommendation; performing intelligent layout generation: performing global optimization of component space allocation by adopting a genetic algorithm, performing business rule adaptation by combining a constraint solver, and modeling an interaction relationship between components by utilizing a graph neural network; and dynamic mixed recommendation: constructing a three-level recommendation architecture including collaborative filtering, content matching and reinforcement learning. According to the method, a closed-loop recommendation process of user intention-intelligent recommendation-feedback optimization is realized, and the intelligent level of visual arrangement and the user experience are remarkably improved.

The embodiment of the invention discloses a multi-agent collaborative data visualization analysis method and device and a medium, and relates to the technical field of visualization analys.The method comprises the steps that a natural language analysis request input by a user is received, task splitting is conducted on the natural language analysis request through a preset task planning agent, and the task splitting result is obtained; generating corresponding task plan information, obtaining real-time operation data of a preset functional agent cluster, carrying out agent distribution on the plurality of sub-tasks based on the real-time operation data and the task plan information, determining a target functional agent corresponding to each sub-task, and sending the target functional agent to a server; the target function agent comprises any one of a data analysis agent and a visual display agent; and executing the corresponding data analysis subtask through the data analysis agent to obtain a data analysis result, performing agent cooperative verification on the data analysis result, and after the verification is passed, generating visual analysis data corresponding to the data analysis result through the visual display agent.

The invention relates to the technical field of smart city data visualization, in particular to a visual smart city display method, which comprises the following steps: S1, collecting traffic flow data, energy consumption data, environment monitoring data and city three-dimensional geographic information data in real time; s2, constructing a reference three-dimensional model with a space coordinate system; s3, mapping the data into a dynamic data layer with a timestamp; s4, superposing the dynamic data layer to the reference three-dimensional model according to space-time coordinates to generate a fused dynamic scene; s5, receiving deduction parameters input by a user, and calculating a corresponding evolution path in real time; and S6, converting the evolution path into a dynamic visualization effect, and outputting the dynamic visualization effect to a display terminal. According to the invention, through integrated processing of multi-source dynamic data fusion, space-time path deduction and visual output, continuous expression and dynamic evolution display of the operation state of the smart city are realized.

The invention relates to the field of playing data visualization, in particular to a playing data visualization method and system. The method comprises the steps that at least one section of pedal data of at least one pedal is obtained, and the pedal data comprises a pedal value and a time stamp of the pedal value; generating at least one section of labeling track according to the pedal data; wherein the labeling track comprises a first simulation track and a second simulation track; correspondingly, the method comprises the steps that when the pedal value is larger than a first pedal threshold value, a first simulation track is generated according to the pedal value, and the first simulation track is displayed in a first labeling form; when the pedal value is larger than a second pedal threshold value and smaller than or equal to the first pedal threshold value, a second simulation track is generated according to the pedal value, and the second simulation track is displayed in a second labeling form; and generating a combined track according to the at least one section of labeled track, and displaying the combined track on the music score. According to the invention, the smoothness and integrity of pedal data display can be improved, and the user experience is optimized.

A management server system may obtain a request for image data from a computing device. The request may identify a subset of image data to be downloaded and / or streamed to the computing device. The management server system can provide an indication of a storage destination for the image data to a gateway device and initiate upload of the image data from the gateway device to the storage destination. The management server system may monitor the upload and, based on the monitoring, determine the upload is complete. The management server system can cause display of a user interface that includes a visualization of the image data for download of the image data from the storage destination to the computing device.

The invention discloses a bulk cargo supply chain data transmission method and system based on an intelligent transportation box, and relates to the technical field of logistics data transmission, and the method comprises the steps: collecting multi-modal sensing data in real time through a multi-source data collection interface of the intelligent transportation box; the intelligent transportation box edge calculation module performs cleaning, compression aggregation and key event intelligent identification on the data; a transmission strategy is adaptively selected according to the data type and the network state, a key event alarm message is immediately sent, data are locally cached when the network is interrupted, and subsequent transmission is recovered; transmitting the data to a cloud by adopting a secure communication protocol; the cloud receives management data and provides remote configuration, alarm notification and data visualization functions, the system comprises an intelligent transportation box terminal unit and a cloud service platform unit, data transmission reliability and efficiency are improved, bandwidth and cloud cost are reduced, cargo transportation safety is guaranteed, and the system is suitable for bulk cargo cross-regional transportation scenes.

The invention relates to the technical field of data visualization and integration, in particular to a power equipment fault positioning and maintenance decision-making method based on knowledge graph reasoning, which comprises the following steps of: acquiring a structure parameter generation node, constructing a causal path positioning source component and outputting a maintenance link structure. In the invention, the time attribute is introduced through the node set constructed by the structure number and the operation parameter to strengthen the time sequence characteristic of the power equipment state identification, and the logic response sequence between the nodes is sorted through the causal relationship path chain to improve the accuracy of fault chain reasoning. A multi-path screening mechanism effectively avoids the problems of large path hop count and inconsistent response directions, path dominance identification ensures convergence and pertinence of fault positioning, and key components and maintenance suggested nodes are spliced so that a link structure not only has traceability, but also has operability. An ordered closed loop from structure identification, causal analysis and maintenance output of the power equipment is realized, and the fault processing accuracy and the performability of the power equipment are improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of data visualization, and discloses a visual analysis method and system for security and protection monitoring data, and the method comprises the steps: carrying out the asynchronous collection of a video monitoring data stream, an infrared sensor data stream, an access control system data stream and an audio collection data stream in a security and protection monitoring system, and obtaining a multi-source asynchronous data stream set; generating a potential causal event pair set based on the multi-source asynchronous data stream set, and creating a time window allocation table according to the potential causal event pair set; performing causal probability calculation on the multi-source asynchronous data stream set to obtain a multi-dimensional causal probability propagation matrix; and asynchronous time delay compensation and causal chain visualization are performed on the multi-dimensional causal probability propagation matrix based on the time window allocation table to obtain a dynamic causal relationship graph, so that visual dynamic display of the causal chain of the asynchronous data stream is realized, and brand new monitoring situation awareness experience is provided for security personnel.

The invention discloses a dietary pattern evaluation method and system based on digital intelligent analysis, and relates to the technical field of dietary pattern evaluation.The method comprises the steps that a mobile terminal is used for synchronously collecting multi-modal data, and the multi-modal data are preprocessed; food pictures are retrieved based on keywords to form a data set, an image recognition model is constructed, the volume and area of food materials are calculated in combination with a 3D reconstruction technology, a food material density database is matched, and automatic estimation of the quality of the food materials is achieved; building a voice interaction model fusing characters and regional voice features, and recognizing food material types and food material quality by using voice data; a dynamic allocation weight is calculated through multi-modal confidence, a graph attention mechanism is utilized to detect and correct data conflicts, and a space-time constraint rule base is combined to align dispersed intake records; and constructing a data visualization chart library. According to the method, the rise of dietary structure analysis from extensive statistics to refined intelligent evaluation is realized, and the problem of error accumulation caused by dependence on a single data source in a traditional method is effectively solved.

The invention provides a data intelligent question and answer ChatBI method and device based on a large model. The method comprises the following steps of 1, constructing a database knowledge vector library; and step 2, question semantic transliteration and retrieval. According to problem transcription and data retrieval supplementation, a large language model is utilized to generate a corresponding visual chart according to the characteristics and problems of data, automatic visualization of any data is achieved, meanwhile, a more detailed and clearer expression mode is provided in a dialogue mode, and the method has the advantages of being high in practicability and easy to popularize. The flexible, intelligent and automatic process is realized, and the trend and relationship of the data are more intuitively displayed for customers. By combining a big language model and a data visualization technology, a proper visual chart is automatically generated according to natural language cue words and data, so that the data analysis and presentation efficiency is greatly improved, the learning cost of a user is reduced, and a personalized data display solution is provided for users in different fields.

The invention relates to the technical field of bioinformatics, and provides a visual analysis method and system for a rice multi-tissue single cell expression profile. The method comprises the following steps: comparing sequencing data of an original single cell transcriptome of a rice tissue to obtain a standardized transcriptome data set; performing batch effect correction and integration on the standardized transcriptome data set to obtain a whole plant expression matrix; performing cell type annotation on the whole plant expression matrix to obtain a cell type annotation system; carrying out visual dimension reduction processing on the whole plant expression matrix fused with the cell type annotation system, and carrying out co-expression network construction to obtain a modular tissue correlation analysis model; and establishing an interaction end based on the module organization correlation analysis model, and realizing data visualization analysis through the interaction end. The invention provides a one-stop analysis platform for rice cell heterogeneity research, functional gene mining and molecular breeding.

The invention discloses a pedestrian behavior simulation operation control method based on an unreal engine. Efficient and vivid pedestrian behavior simulation is realized through five core modules: a three-dimensional scene construction module converts a BIM model based on an unreal engine Datasmith plug-in and constructs an interactive dynamic scene; the pedestrian model construction module defines multi-dimensional pedestrian attributes and supports data-driven initial distribution configuration; the hierarchical behavior control module realizes refined regulation and control of pedestrian behaviors through macroscopic path planning, microcosmic behavior decision and emotion driving; the dynamic resource optimization module adopts level-of-detail control and multi-thread task allocation to improve the operation efficiency of the system; and the real-time interaction and data analysis module provides scene regulation and control, data visualization and simulation data recording and playback functions. According to the method, the authenticity, the dynamic response capability and the controllability of pedestrian simulation are remarkably improved, and reliable technical support can be provided for traffic planning, emergency drilling and building design evaluation.

The invention belongs to the technical field of garden irrigation, and particularly discloses a garden landscape intelligent irrigation management system which comprises a sensing layer, a transmission layer, a platform layer and an execution layer. The sensing layer is used for collecting garden environment and plant related data; the transmission layer is used for transmitting the data acquired by the sensing layer to the platform layer; the platform layer is used for realizing data visualization, intelligent decision generation and equipment control; the execution layer executes irrigation operation according to an instruction of the platform layer; according to the system, through accurate monitoring and intelligent control, water resource waste and irrigation cost are effectively reduced. Manual inspection and operation workloads are reduced through automatic operation, one administrator can manage thousands of mu of gardens, and the management efficiency is improved. The risk of plant diseases and insect pests can be reduced through on-demand irrigation, and the stability and attractiveness of the garden landscape effect are kept. The environment, irrigation and plant growth data accumulated by the system provides a scientific decision basis for garden maintenance, and is convenient for long-term planning and management strategy optimization.

The invention discloses a submarine cable insulation performance online monitoring and fault positioning method, a medium and equipment. The method comprises the following steps: S1, synchronously acquiring multi-source sensing data in real time; s2, multi-modal noise cooperative suppression and feature extraction; s3, insulation state degradation evaluation based on multi-feature fusion; s4, double-end traveling wave accurate fault positioning is carried out; and S5, carrying out data visualization and alarm linkage. According to the invention, marine complex environmental noise interference can be effectively suppressed, key parameters representing the insulation state of the submarine cable are monitored in real time in a multi-dimensional manner, and early warning of insulation degradation and preliminary judgment of a fault mode are realized through an intelligent fusion evaluation model. And the improved traveling wave accurate capture and wave velocity dynamic correction technology is utilized to realize accurate positioning of a fault point, so that the accuracy and sensitivity of submarine cable state monitoring and the fault positioning precision can be remarkably improved, and powerful technical support is provided for safe and economical operation of submarine cables.

The invention discloses a data visualization report generation method and device based on a low-code platform, and relates to the field of data processing. The method comprises the following steps: configuring a target data source, and judging whether the connection of the target data source is valid or not; if the connection of the target data source is determined to be valid, selecting the target data source for connection, and binding the target data source to the new application; based on the data source information of the target data source and the application requirements of the new application, designing a report template through a visual interface; and performing data binding and data assignment on the fields in the target data source and the report template by executing the SQL script file to generate a visual report, and outputting the visual report. By implementing the technical scheme provided by the invention, the development efficiency of the data analysis report is improved.

The invention discloses a data analysis visualization processing method and device based on index management and a server, and belongs to the technical field of data processing, and the method comprises the steps: extracting related original data from main data and business data storage positions according to the data source information of each index in a predefined index dictionary, processing the extracted original data into standardized data; for the standardized data, calculating each index value according to a predefined calculation formula in an index dictionary; and obtaining visual configuration content operated by a user, automatically generating a report containing a visual chart according to the calculated index values according to the visual configuration content, and receiving a user operation instruction to export the report of the visual chart. According to the invention, the enterprise data analysis efficiency is improved, the labor cost is saved, the data visualization operation is realized, and convenience is provided for the use of the user.

The invention relates to a BI intelligent question answering system and method based on business rule retrieval and AI workflow, and belongs to the field of intelligent data processing. The system comprises a user interaction module, a knowledge base module and an AI workflow module. The method comprises the following steps: (1) business rule retrieval: taking a BI analysis problem written by a user interaction module as a target, retrieving business data table information from a knowledge base module, judging a business data table of the user problem in combination with a big language model, obtaining business indexes contained in the table according to the business table, retrieving BI business information related to the user problem, and performing business rule retrieval; and (2) AI workflow execution: taking a BI analysis problem as input, gradually scheduling workflow nodes of business rule retrieval, cue word construction, large language model interaction and database interaction, realizing an accurate Text-to-SQL function and a data visualization function, and further realizing a question-answer ability of converting the BI analysis problem input by a user into a BI analysis result.

The invention belongs to the technical field of data visualization, and particularly relates to a dynamic visualization generation method, system and device based on user behaviors and context awareness and a medium, and the method comprises the steps: generating a structured operation sequence after standardizing original input data; performing time sequence modeling on the operation sequence to generate a user behavior semantic vector, and generating a joint feature vector by adopting an attention mechanism; pre-loading an input data set, and generating a candidate view set in combination with the user intention preference in the joint feature vector; calculating view scores through a layout optimization function, and screening an optimal view scheme with the highest score; dynamically simplifying or enhancing the chart component according to the equipment performance and context parameters in the joint feature vector; calling a rendering engine to output a view, and monitoring a user interaction event; and updating the strategy network through a PPO algorithm, and optimizing a subsequent view generation path. The problem of unsmooth interaction caused by a static template is avoided, and the user experience is remarkably improved.

The invention provides a user behavior tracking and portrait generation system, which is characterized in that multi-source original behavior data is acquired through a data acquisition module, and a standard behavior event stream is generated through cleaning and standardization; the behavior modeling module is used for carrying out cross-event association and self-defined time window combination modeling on a standard event flow based on a configurable rule engine to generate a complex event flow; the real-time processing and calculation module performs real-time aggregation calculation on the complex event stream, generates a real-time behavior index, a trigger signal and an incremental portrait snapshot in combination with a preset rule, and pushes a behavior trigger signal to a downstream service system; the user portrait management module dynamically updates user tag weights and values according to the real-time indexes, and generates a target user portrait tag library and a lightweight tag change event stream; the data storage and query module stores data of each link; and the visual configuration and operation and maintenance module issues a configuration instruction through a visual interface, and monitors full-link operation and task scheduling. And real-time accurate portrait construction and instant service response are realized.

The invention relates to the technical field of supply chain management, in particular to a multi-dimensional data visualization supply chain process optimization method and system based on big data, and provides a supply chain dynamic optimization thought based on multi-source heterogeneous data fusion and intelligent decision closed loop. By constructing an end-to-end multi-source heterogeneous data real-time cooperative processing and intelligent decision closed-loop architecture, dynamic integration, intelligent analysis and automatic response and update optimization of full-link data of the supply chain are realized, so that the real-time analysis capability and dynamic adjustment capability of the supply chain are remarkably improved.

The invention provides a visualization method, device, system and equipment for report data and a medium, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining a plurality of pieces of business data, and constructing a corresponding business report by employing each piece of business data and a preset report template; acquiring real-time demand information of a user, determining a plurality of service three-dimensional models based on the real-time demand information, constructing a service digital model by using the plurality of service three-dimensional models, and adding the plurality of service reports to the service digital model to obtain a service display model; and respectively obtaining a static characteristic parameter and a dynamic characteristic parameter from the real-time demand information, rendering the service display model by using the static characteristic parameter to obtain a rendering model, and calling a preset Voyager model to perform visualization processing on the rendering model based on the initial coordinate and the initial angle of the dynamic characteristic parameter. According to the method and the device, the business data in different formats can be unified, so that the situations of visualization errors and data visualization deviation are avoided, and the model is constructed and visualized on the basis of user requirements, so that the display effect is improved.

The invention discloses an industrial building business service management method and device and a medium, and belongs to the technical field of building service management, and the method specifically comprises the steps: constructing a multi-dimensional data fusion model; defining cost, progress, quality and security dimension data ranges and acquisition nodes, and storing the data ranges and the acquisition nodes in a model database after standardization; based on the standardized data of the multi-dimensional data fusion model, analyzing a dimension internal relationship by using an association rule mining algorithm, defining a dimension mapping relationship, and integrating to form an association rule base; establishing a multi-dimensional linkage analysis module; the module is established by taking a model database as a data source and a multi-dimensional data association rule base as a logic support, and a threshold triggering mechanism and a cross-link data calling function are set; constructing a business collaborative decision support module; business requirements of multiple departments are integrated; a multi-dimensional data visualization monitoring platform is built; and designing a linkage trend chart based on a result of the multi-dimensional linkage analysis module.

The invention provides a low-code platform system for data visual display. The low-code platform system comprises a data base layer, an application supporting layer and an application display layer. Wherein the integrated multi-source data is subjected to standardization processing and management and control through the data base layer, and a unified data source is generated; performing visual configuration on the unified data source through an application support layer based on a dynamic panel nested sub-canvas editor and a preset interaction configuration mechanism, and generating a visual editing data set; and carrying out multi-terminal presentation and version management on the visual editing data set by adopting a multi-terminal adaptation strategy through the application display layer, and constructing a visual display interface. Dynamic access and rendering of data are guaranteed through the data base layer, and the problem of data adaptation is solved; interaction configuration is simplified through the application support layer, multi-role cooperation is supported, the development efficiency is improved, and the period is shortened; through the application display layer, one-time development is adapted to multiple terminals, and the repeated cost is reduced.

The invention relates to the technical field of engineering data visualization, and discloses a digital twinborn visual analysis system for engineering observation data. The system comprises a data fusion module which is used for collecting engineering structure multi-source historical observation data and carrying out validity verification to generate a structure historical observation data set; the feature extraction module is used for performing multi-dimensional feature extraction on the data set to form a structural topology feature set; the twinborn space construction module is used for establishing a digital twinborn topological space according to the structural topological feature set and calculating the feature distribution density of the historical abnormal events in the space; the real-time mapping module is used for acquiring real-time monitoring data, extracting real-time topological feature vectors and mapping the real-time topological feature vectors to a digital twin topological space; and the anomaly prediction module is used for generating a structure anomaly probability prediction result according to the spatial correlation between the real-time topological feature vector mapping position and the historical anomaly feature distribution density. The system improves the comprehensiveness and accuracy of engineering observation and analysis.

The invention provides a hydropower station fusion computing power intelligent server system, and relates to the technical field of carbon emission. The method comprises the following steps: an acquisition correction module acquires hydropower station generation power data and server cluster instantaneous energy consumption data in real time, establishes a time sequence corresponding relation between a power generation side and a power utilization side, and obtains clean energy supply quantity data; the prediction scheduling module generates a non-tampering carbon footprint tracking chain number, and predicts a clean energy supply fluctuation trend sequence by adopting a long short-term memory network algorithm; training a random forest model to predict a computing power demand trend sequence; optimizing task scheduling according to a carbon emission minimization target, and generating dynamic balance configuration data of a computing power task and clean energy supply; and the monitoring evaluation module outputs computing power task level carbon emission and a clean energy use ratio in real time through an application programming interface according to the dynamic balance configuration data, and generates quantitative evaluation data of a computing power service carbon neutralization target by adopting a data visualization technology monitoring technology.

The invention discloses a complex system data visualization modeling method based on GIS and topological graph fusion, and relates to the technical field of data visualization modeling, and the method comprises data fusion modeling, space-time anomaly reasoning, state propagation modeling and multi-dimensional visualization enhancement. The method comprises the following steps: performing unified access, cleaning and standardization processing on operation data, topological relation data, geographic space data, function configuration data and environment data of a complex system, and constructing a unified data model fusing geographic attributes and topological attributes; realizing abnormal root cause reasoning and spatial constraint propagation modeling of a system state by using a convolutional time sequence modeling method combined with a graph neural network; a dynamic evolution rule of a node state is described through a time gating mechanism, and interactive display is realized; according to the method, global visualization of the operation state of a complex system, dynamic backtracking of an abnormal propagation path and hierarchical analysis of key nodes can be realized, and the intelligent monitoring, situation awareness and decision support capabilities of the system are improved.

The invention discloses a dialogue scene data visualization analysis method and system based on a knowledge graph, and relates to the technical field of data visualization analysis, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining dialogue scene data and context attributes, extracting related entity nodes and relation edges from a pre-constructed knowledge graph to construct a knowledge sub-graph, the dialogue data and the knowledge subgraph are fused to obtain dialogue semantic structure data, node importance analysis, semantic path analysis and intention clustering analysis are carried out based on the data to generate an analysis result set, and a dialogue semantic relation graph, a dialogue process path graph and a dialogue hotspot distribution graph are constructed respectively; a comprehensive visual analysis result is generated through unified coordinate mapping and weighted fusion, and meanwhile, a local semantic structure and a visual result are dynamically adjusted for newly added dialogue data in an incremental updating mode, so that real-time monitoring, mode recognition, semantic evolution accurate tracking and intelligent visual display of a dialogue scene are achieved.

The invention relates to the technical field of data processing, in particular to an intelligent supervision method and system based on a data visualization platform, and the method comprises the steps: collecting multi-source water conservancy data through dual-channel redundancy check, converting the multi-source water conservancy data into a standardized space-time matrix, carrying out the data cleaning through a containerization adaptation and variational auto-encoder, and marking the confidence; hierarchically storing the data based on a confidence threshold, and generating a routing strategy through reinforcement learning to distribute data fragments; calculating a flood peak evolution prediction result by using space-time diagram convolution, calculating an output risk assessment value by combining a Bayesian network and long and short-term memory, and activating federal learning parameter updating when the confidence coefficient is insufficient; the digital twin model loads physical constraint parameters to deduce a flood control scene, and a scheduling instruction set and a rehearsal animation are generated through multi-objective optimization; and dynamically rendering to generate an interactive visual interface, associating a causal deduction path, and triggering federal model parameter updating by user feedback, thereby realizing dynamic collaboration of the forecasting and early warning rehearsal plan function chain.

The invention discloses a large-space assembly type geothermal station design method based on a BIM technology. The method comprises the following steps: constructing a geological foundation model and a geothermal well three-dimensional geological model by actually measured three-dimensional coordinate data, splitting assembly type modules according to functional areas and transportation rules, modeling and storing in a distributed database, and calling the modules according to a construction process sequence to complete the remodeling of the whole model. Meanwhile, a constraint detection mechanism is constructed through a collaborative operation log, whether an operation chain violates design constraints such as geometric conflicts or energy consumption constraints or not is monitored in real time, and blocking and optimization are achieved. Besides, technologies such as multi-source geological data visualization, parameterized interface generation, module attribute dynamic control, hoisting path optimization and geometric conflict automatic identification are integrated, the problems of low collaborative efficiency, insufficient construction precision, rough energy consumption calculation and the like of traditional design are solved, and the overall efficiency of design, construction and management of the geothermal station is improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of honey analysis, and particularly relates to a method for analyzing characteristic chemical components of Qinling Mountain medium-peak honey. The analysis method comprises the following steps: obtaining different extraction layers, and carrying out mass spectrometry on each layer of sample; constructing a molecular network by mass spectrum data through a GNPS platform, and comparing the mass spectrum data with a database to obtain primary identification; unmatched nodes predict the skeleton by using an NAP tool to obtain a secondary result; then fractions are separated, and an unknown structure is deduced by combining an SMART technology with nuclear magnetism; and finally, synthesizing the three types of results to determine the characteristic chemical components of the honey. Compared with a single chromatography-mass spectrometry technology, the analysis method provided by the invention not only realizes data visualization, but also reduces the dependence of chemical component identification on a database to a certain extent, and provides reference for rapid characterization of chemical components in a honey crude extract or fraction.