Disclosed is a double-layer compound key storage box, which belongs to the technical field of an article of daily necessities. The storage box comprises a box body, and upper and lower box covers. The box body comprises a pair of broadside columns, and a plurality of pairs of upper and lower storage cases, wherein the upper and lower storage cases are symmetrically arranged and are divided by base plates. The adjacent base plates are divided by division bars, and the outer sides of the base plates arranged at the outmost edges are provided with the broadside columns. A gap is formed in one end, near a pin hole, of each base plate and forms a key seat cavity for containing upper and lower key seats. A pin passes through a pin hole in one broadside column, shaft holes in the upper and lower key seats, and pin holes in the division bars, and is pivoted on the other broadside column. The box is small in size and is convenient to carry, can be put, together with a wallet, into a hided pocket of a coat, and has an antitheft function. Keys are convenient to change and are arranged in alignment, are easy to remember and simple to take out, and are convenient to use at night or in a situation with weak light. The box can be carried without sounds; the amount of keys stored in the box is multiply increased; and the box is applicable to a wide range.