180 results about "Spillway" patented technology

The invention provides a hydro-junction water level adjusting method and system. Wherein the sediment deposition space-time atlas containing the sedimentary gradient is constructed and periodically corrected through scanning of an underwater robot and synchronous acquisition of satellite remote sensing data. A radar array is deployed at a bend section of a flood discharge channel, and vector distribution of a three-dimensional sediment flow velocity field is analyzed by using multi-frequency pulse signals. Through correlation analysis of the dynamic coupling sedimentary gradient and the flow velocity field, a correlation area of flow velocity sudden change and sediment deposition is accurately identified, and a constraint condition set including coordinate positioning and a flow-sediment matching rule is established. And in combination with real-time water level monitoring data, calculating and generating a dynamic adjustment parameter sequence of the opening degree of the flood discharge gate by using a constraint condition set, thereby realizing accurate regulation and control of the water level. According to the technical scheme, the flood discharge parameters are intelligently optimized, the water level of the hydro-junction can be accurately regulated and controlled, the sediment deposition problem of a high-sediment-content water area is effectively relieved, and safe operation and flood control efficiency of the junction are guaranteed.

The invention relates to the technical field of risk management, in particular to a water conservancy project risk early warning analysis method and system based on multi-source information, and the method comprises the following steps: dividing a dam body, a flood discharge gate and a spillway region according to spatial dimensions, extracting leakage monitoring records of a flood season, a dry season and an emergency weather event period, and storing the leakage monitoring records; and calculating a trigger factor frequency to generate a trigger factor feature sequence. According to the method, through hierarchical division of space and time dimensions, extraction of trigger factor frequency and analysis of support degree and confidence degree are combined, so that extraction of risk factor features is more comprehensive and accurate. In the construction of the dynamic propagation path, the spatial trajectory and the time evolution rule of the risk factor are deeply analyzed, so that the propagation path of the risk factor is clearly displayed, the accurate prediction of the risk diffusion region is realized, and a basis is provided for the division of the risk level in the subsequent region.

The invention relates to the technical field of water level monitoring and early warning, in particular to an intelligent reservoir spillway water level monitoring and spillway early warning system, which comprises an anti-interference water level sensing module, an anti-siltation sensing array is arranged on a key section of a spillway, and the key section comprises a curve section and a gate section; the dynamic hydraulic twinning module is used for processing through a lightweight fluid network algorithm on the basis of the water surface transverse slope, the absolute water level and the gate vibration displacement in combination with a hydraulic BIM model; the edge cloud cooperative flow calculation module comprises an edge node and a cloud server; the risk self-adaptive early warning module is used for executing early warning when the calibrated real-time spilling volume breaks through a spilling threshold value; according to the method, the flow calculation error under the high turbulence working condition is remarkably reduced, the accuracy of flood discharge amount calculation is effectively improved, and it is ensured that flood discharge control is more accurate especially under the scene that the curve flow state is complex and the gate opening degree changes remarkably.

The utility model relates to a staging water storage structure for dam water storage in advance. According to the technical scheme, the staging water storage structure used for dam water storage in advance is characterized in that a spillway is arranged on at least one side of a dam body of the dam, the upstream end of the spillway is located on the upstream of the dam body of the dam, a bottom plate of the upstream end is lower than the normal water storage level of a reservoir, and the downstream end of the spillway is located on the downstream of the dam body of the dam; an overflow weir is arranged at the upstream end of the spillway, the top of the overflow weir is as high as the normal storage level of the reservoir, and a notch section is reserved on the overflow weir. Thus, after dam body construction is completed, gate lowering and water storage can be conducted on the dam, when construction is conducted on the top of the dam, after the water storage amount of the upstream side of the dam is increased and the water level rises, redundant stored water on the upstream side of the dam can be discharged through the spillway under the action of the notch section of the overflow weir, and therefore the dam top is constructed. And the water level of the upstream side of the dam is prevented from rising to the dam crest position to affect dam crest construction of the dam.

The invention provides a method for analyzing deformation characteristics of an exit slope of a flood discharge building, which comprises the following steps of: firstly, collecting geotechnical parameters, hydraulic load parameters, GNSS displacement, pore water pressure and clinometer data of the slope; then, constitutive parameters of the slope stability model are dynamically corrected, GNSS displacement is decomposed into creep and elastic displacement components, and the time delay error of pore water pressure data is compensated; thirdly, seepage-stress coupling stability calculation is conducted in combination with the compensated pore water pressure and inclinometer data, and the slope stability safety coefficient is obtained. And finally, outputting the creep displacement, the elastic displacement and the stability safety coefficient to an early warning terminal. According to the invention, the accuracy and reliability of slope stability evaluation can be improved.

The invention discloses a durability evaluation method for a slope protection layer of a flood discharge atomization area, and the method breaks through the limitation of a conventional static load hypothesis, and accurately reflects the load joint variability through dynamic monitoring and probability modeling. The core problems of inaccurate load feature description, insufficient multi-field coupling simulation precision, lack of time-varying reliability evaluation and the like of a traditional method are effectively solved. The combination of dynamic monitoring and probability modeling improves the load characteristic representation precision, the multi-physics field coupling calculation accurately simulates the water particle impact mechanism, the fusion of the intelligent prediction model and the random process theory realizes the dynamic evaluation of the performance degradation of the protective layer, and finally provides quantitative decision support for engineering maintenance.

The invention discloses a flood discharge vertical shaft stilling well-turning section body type unified optimization method. The method comprises the steps that multi-working-condition physical constraints describing body type parameters of a flood discharge vertical shaft, a stilling well and a turning section are obtained, and a combined feasible region is constructed; obtaining a typical flood working condition set; an active sampling strategy is adopted, body type sample data are obtained through iteration aiming at the typical flood working condition set in the joint feasible region, and a flow regime partition model and a hydraulic index agent model are constructed through iteration; according to the active sampling strategy, multi-working-condition uncertainty and flow regime partition boundary information are fused; in the joint feasible region, the flow regime partition model and the hydraulic index agent model are applied, a robust optimization model considering the cross-working-condition flow regime stability is constructed and solved, and a unified optimization body type scheme is obtained. According to the method, by introducing the flow state middle layer and combining the sampling strategy of flow state boundary driving, the capturing capacity and optimization efficiency of nonlinear flow state sudden change are improved.

The invention discloses a method for constructing and solving a wind speed optimization model of a flood discharge tunnel traffic corridor based on a physical characteristic embedded mixed variable, and the method comprises the steps: determining key control parameters of safe and stable operation in the traffic corridor during flood discharge according to the core influence factor of the wind speed of the flood discharge tunnel traffic corridor, thereby determining an optimization variable and an optimization target; physical correction normalization is carried out on the water head height in the optimization variables, segmented normalization is carried out on the gate opening, and physical attribute mapping is carried out on the flood discharge operation hole number combination; according to the normalized physical attribute mapping of the gate opening degree and flood discharge operation hole number combination, the total open area is calculated; physical characteristics are constructed according to the total overflowing area and the normalized water head height; and establishing a flood discharge tunnel traffic corridor wind speed optimization model according to the water head height, the flood discharge tunnel operation hole number combination, the gate opening and the physical characteristics, and solving. According to the method, the optimal scheme of the wind speed of the flood discharge tunnel traffic corridor is obtained.

The invention discloses a reservoir dam safety risk level assessment method, and particularly relates to the technical field of reservoir dam risk assessment. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring real-time stress data of a reservoir dam, spillway drainage capacity data and reservoir water level change data, and performing abnormal feature extraction and prediction on the data to generate related abnormal values; performing weighted analysis on the plurality of risk factors by adopting a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, and calculating a comprehensive risk score of the dam; comparing the comprehensive risk score with the classification threshold of the risk level, and dividing the safety risk level of the reservoir dam; corresponding early warning information and emergency treatment measures are output based on the evaluation result, safe operation of the reservoir dam is ensured, the method can monitor the safety state of the reservoir dam in real time, potential risks can be early warned in time, and scientific decision support is provided for reservoir management personnel.

The invention provides a flood discharge tunnel parameterization design system, and relates to the technical field of hydroelectric and hydraulic engineering intelligent design, and the system comprises a management module which is used for transferring all modules of the flood discharge tunnel parameterization design system; the modeling module is internally provided with a flood discharge tunnel parametric modeling library and is used for automatically establishing a flood discharge tunnel three-dimensional model; the parameter module is used for managing parameters related to the design of the flood discharge tunnel; the display module is used for observing the design of the spillway tunnel by a designer; and the design scheme generation and management module is used for extracting the three-dimensional model information of the flood discharge tunnel, calculating and outputting the engineering amount, outputting a corresponding engineering drawing based on the three-dimensional model information of the flood discharge tunnel, and storing the design scheme. According to the method, the spillway tunnel axis and the terrain surface model are only used as input elements, other operations are driven through parameters to update the three-dimensional model, high matching of three-dimensional design and a traditional design process is achieved, and a mode with skeleton driving as a core in traditional modeling is replaced.

A sloping upper surface of a dish mat is supported by nonrectangular support ribs, whose depth decreases as a function of distance from the back of the dish mat body. Angled ribs in a left portion and in a right portion of the upper surface direct fluid to a central channel, which in turn directs the fluid to a spillway. The spillway forwardly and downwardly extends into a sink at which the dish mat has been positioned.

The utility model discloses an annular downflow weir vertical shaft spillway structure with a trapezoid cofferdam, which comprises an annular downflow weir, a vertical shaft connected to the bottom of the inner side of the annular downflow weir, a round-to-square section connected to the bottom of the vertical shaft, a stilling well connected to the bottom of the round-to-square section, a discharge hole arranged on the side surface of the stilling well, and a pressure slope connected to the discharge hole on the side surface of the stilling well. And the pressure slope structure further comprises a trapezoidal cofferdam, and the trapezoidal cofferdam is arranged on the periphery of the side wall of the annular overflow weir. The annular downflow weir vertical shaft spillway structure with the trapezoidal cofferdam solves the problem that due to the fact that a traditional annular downflow weir vertical shaft spillway tunnel is affected by asymmetric terrains, the flow state of water flow entering a vertical shaft is not uniform, and the phenomenon of water flow bias in the vertical shaft is serious.

The invention discloses a flood discharge detection model training method, device and equipment and a medium, and the method comprises the steps: taking pre-collected video image data of a reservoir spillway as a first training sample set, and carrying out the sample enhancement of the first training sample set according to a preset sample enhancement strategy, and obtaining a second training sample set; wherein the sample enhancement strategy comprises one or more combinations of the following: an independent enhancement strategy, a combined enhancement strategy or a mosaic enhancement strategy; according to the second training sample set, training a pre-constructed initial flood discharge detection model to obtain a final flood discharge detection model; wherein the initial flood discharge detection model is an improved YOLOv8 model obtained through reconstruction of a flood discharge convolution feature extraction module and updating of a feature fusion module. According to the method, the calculation efficiency and the target detection precision of the flood discharge detection model can be improved under the scene of few sample data.

The invention discloses a combined vibration environment simulation device, and relates to the technical field of vibration simulation, the combined vibration environment simulation device comprises a spillway, a facility vibration simulation system and an underwater vibration simulation system, the facility vibration simulation system is communicated with the underwater vibration simulation system through a pipeline, and the pipeline is provided with a cooling unit; the underwater vibration simulation system comprises an underground water pool and an annular reservoir, the underground water pool is located in the center of the upper portion of the annular reservoir, the underground water pool is communicated with the annular reservoir through a flow making gallery, and an underwater vibration array is installed in the underground water pool; the facility vibration simulation system comprises an assembly type reaction wall and a vibration table, the assembly type reaction wall is installed on the ground, the vibration table is installed on the upper surface of the assembly type reaction wall, and the vibration table penetrates through the reservoir water inlet through a pipeline to be communicated with the flow making gallery. According to the combined vibration environment simulation equipment, reservoir water can be purified, the vibration table can be cooled, and the influence of vibration on facilities can be simulated.

This utility model provides a structure for converting a clay core dam into an overflow dam, including a spillway excavated along the top of the clay core dam to the bottom of the downstream side. A spillway bottom slab is poured below the spillway, and side walls are poured on both sides of the spillway bottom slab. The height of the side walls is not lower than that of the clay core dam on both sides. An overflow weir is poured on the spillway bottom slab, and the overflow weir is located in the direction of the top of the clay core dam. The two sides of the overflow weir are connected to the side walls, and the height of the overflow weir is lower than that of the clay core dam on both sides. An anti-seepage wall is embedded in the clay core dam below the overflow weir. The overflow dam is converted on the clay core dam to ensure that the converted clay core dam has a certain discharge capacity, thereby enhancing the flood control capacity of the reservoir.

Embodiments of an electrode water supply assembly include a cap having a cap body with a reservoir adjacent a proximal electrode end of a permanent reference electrode when the cap is mounted on the permanent reference electrode. The cap body may include (i) a distal cap end defining a distal opening configured to be disposed about the proximal electrode end, (ii) a proximal cap end defining a proximal opening, and (iii) an outer wall defining an overflow port therethrough, the overflow port receives overflow fluid from the reservoir and directs the overflow fluid out of the reservoir. The electrode water supply assembly may include a catheter having: a distal catheter end configured to be fluidly coupled to the proximal opening; and a proximal catheter end configured to be positioned at the cathode test station. Thus, fluid directed to the proximal catheter end is directed through the catheter and into the reservoir to water at least the proximal electrode end.

This utility model relates to the field of spillway tunnel support technology, specifically a reinforcement support device for spillway tunnel excavation. It includes a fixed frame, with lifting blocks bolted to both ends of the fixed frame. A support block is slidably connected to the lower end of each lifting block, and a support base is fixed to the lower end of each support block. Multiple brackets are fixed to the top surface of the lifting blocks. Connecting seats are fixed to the outer ends of the brackets and both ends of the top surface of the fixed frame. Arc-shaped blocks are bolted to the connecting seats. A first pressure-relief block is fixed between two adjacent arc-shaped blocks. A second pressure-relief component is installed at the end of each bracket near the arc-shaped block. A connecting component, including an insert block, is installed on the arc-shaped block. The first pressure-relief block between adjacent arc-shaped blocks and the second pressure-relief component at the end of the bracket undergo controllable limited deformation, absorbing the energy released by the surrounding rock while maintaining stable support for the surrounding rock. This reduces the rigid stress on the structure, decreases brittle failures such as retaining wall cracking, support bending, and joint collapse, and lowers the risk of collapse.

The invention relates to a structure and method for improving the energy dissipation rate of a stepped spillway, and belongs to the field of hydraulic engineering. The method comprises the following steps: establishing a dip-angle-free stepped spillway model, carrying out a gliding flow working condition test, and collecting water flow and energy data; establishing a three-dimensional numerical model, and performing grid independence and physical model verification; processing the data by using an eddy current identification criterion, and identifying an area of the step not covered by the eddy current; lifting the step surface at the starting point of the region to form an upper dip angle structure, and reconstructing a model; and analyzing the energy dissipation rate change of the model after setting the inclination angle, and verifying the influence of the structure on eddy current and energy dissipation. By arranging the local upward inclination angle in the uncovered area of the gliding flow, additional vortexes can be effectively induced, water flow disturbance is enhanced, and the energy dissipation rate is increased. The method is simple in structure and high in adaptability and has a good engineering application prospect.

The utility model relates to a ventilating skylight, which comprises a skylight framework fixed at a ventilating opening of a color steel roof, a wind shield wrapped outside the skylight framework, and a daylighting panel laid on the skylight framework, the top of the wind shield is provided with an air opening corresponding to the daylighting panel, and two sides of the daylighting panel are respectively provided with an L-shaped spill-proof plate. The inner end of the L-shaped spill-proof plate is connected to the lower portion of a cornice of the daylighting panel and communicated with a drainage pipe located below the cornice through a penetrating hole in an inner end face plate of the L-shaped spill-proof plate, the outer end of the L-shaped spill-proof plate is turned over, vertically upwards and inwards bent, and a water blocking face which is vertically upwards and provided with the top bent inwards is formed. A plurality of transverse sliding plate assemblies arranged in the longitudinal direction are arranged at the top of the wind shield and used for blocking the upper portion of the air opening and extending to the outer side edge of the wind shield. Rainwater can be effectively prevented from entering the plant while normal ventilation is ensured, and the ventilation device is simple in structure and easy to implement.

The invention discloses a fabricated concrete self-stabilization pond dam and a construction method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of water conservancy projects. The pond dam plane is in a biaxial symmetry pattern and is composed of prefabricated reinforced concrete members, inhaul cables and a hydraulic membrane. The prefabricated reinforced concrete member comprises a buttress, a baffle and a raft, the side vertical face of the buttress is a right triangle, and a bolt inserting hole is formed in the hypotenuse of the buttress; the baffles are connected with the buttresses through the plug pins to form an inclined inner dam face, the buttresses are reinforced through the supporting rods and the diagonal bracings, and the raft serves as an expanded foundation of the buttresses. The stay cables are connected with the buttresses at the symmetrical positions to form a mutually-balanced opposite-pull structure. A water conveying pipe, a mud discharging pipe and a water discharging pipe are arranged at the bottom of the water conservancy project film, and a spillway is arranged outside the water conservancy project film. Through modular assembly and self-stabilization design, rapid construction, high anti-sliding and anti-overturning stability and adaptation to complex geological conditions are achieved, earthwork filling engineering is basically omitted, the engineering amount of the hollow dam body structure is reduced by 60%, the comprehensive cost is reduced by 40%-50%, the construction period is shortened by 60% or above, and the detachable and ecological-friendly hollow dam body structure has detachability and ecological friendliness.

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of gate scheduling, and provides a reservoir gate scheduling method and system. The method comprises: acquiring reservoir basic information; constructing a target function and constraint conditions of multi-objective optimization scheduling of a reservoir spillway gate based on the reservoir basic information; the target of the target function is to minimize the sum of the maximum reservoir outflow and the average adjustment times of the reservoir spillway gate; a deep reinforcement learning framework is constructed; state variables and action variables of the deep reinforcement learning framework are determined, and a reward function is determined based on the target function and the constraint conditions; the deep reinforcement learning framework is trained by using a proximal policy optimization algorithm, and the trained agent can formulate a reasonable gate scheduling scheme according to a flood process. The method can be used for reservoir flood control and provides a reasonable gate scheduling scheme for dispatch personnel.

The invention discloses a flood discharge, sand flushing, emptying and flow guide integrated hydraulic tunnel for a barrier lake and an application method, and relates to the technical field of flow discharge of barrier lakes, the hydraulic tunnel comprises an existing diversion tunnel, an existing tunnel transformation section, a dragon head inclined section, an upper flat section, an emergency flood discharge tunnel, an inlet accident maintenance lock chamber, an outlet working lock chamber section and an outlet flip bucket section; an existing diversion tunnel is transformed, a dragon-head-raising inclined section, an upper flat section, an inlet accident overhaul lock chamber, an emergency flood discharge tunnel and an outlet working lock chamber section are built on the upstream and downstream of the existing diversion tunnel correspondingly, an original water passing building and the emergency flood discharge tunnel are used as main diversion buildings, and the flood season overflowing requirement is combined. And the scale of surface hole flood discharge buildings such as a flood spillway and the elevation of a bottom plate are determined to meet the requirement for safe overflow flood control in the weir plug body construction period, no extra new tunnel needs to be built, and the multifunctional hydraulic tunnel integrating flood discharge, sand flushing and emptying is transformed.

The present invention is an animal barrier for use proximate bodies of water such as pools, ponds, fountains or hot tubs. The barrier comprises elongated, malleable frame members, each having opposing ends and protrusions projecting laterally therefrom. A flexible web conforms and affixes to the frame members, held thereto at the protrusions by friction. The malleable frame members are bent to suit water feature shapes, allowing customization. The elongated frame members connect using linear union connectors coaxially joining the ends, and L-connectors orthogonally joining the ends, together forming a malleable barrier frame. The frame is placed about the body of water, forming the customizable animal barrier preventing access, while allowing water flow. The malleable frame members and customization allow adaptation to various water feature spillway designs.

The utility model relates to a hydropower station drainage structure combining a drainage hole and a vertical shaft type spillway, which is provided with a vertical shaft arranged in a reservoir on the upstream side of a hydropower station, the bottom of the vertical shaft is connected with a water recession hole, and the outlet end of the water recession hole is located at the downstream position of the hydropower station; the inlet end of the drainage hole is arranged in a reservoir on the upstream side of the hydropower station, the outlet end of the drainage hole is connected to the water recession hole, and an energy dissipation structure is arranged in the drainage hole; the energy dissipation structure is provided with a hole plug structure and a pressure slope structure which are arranged in the discharge hole. Therefore, the downstream side hole section of the emergency gate shaft of the discharge hole can be connected to the water recession hole of the vertical shaft type flood discharge channel, and an outlet of the discharge hole can be omitted, so that the construction and the engineering amount of the discharge hole are greatly reduced, and the construction cost is saved; through the hole plug structure and the pressure slope structure which are arranged in the drainage hole, the hole plug structure and the pressure slope structure are simple in structure, pressure water flow flowing into the drainage hole is converted into non-pressure water flow, and the good energy dissipation effect is achieved.

The utility model provides a drainage tank water inlet arc-shaped flow guide side prefabricating die which comprises a left die and a right die, a left side pouring groove and a right side pouring groove are formed in the upper portion of the left die and the upper portion of the right die respectively, and the left side pouring groove and the right side pouring groove are distributed in a bilateral symmetry state. The front end of the left side pouring groove is higher than the left rear end of the left side pouring groove. By means of the prefabricating die, convenient, efficient and standardized prefabricating of the arc-shaped flow guide edge can be achieved, and the prefabricated arc-shaped flow guide edge is attractive and elegant in appearance.

The present invention relates to the field of risk management technology, specifically to a water conservancy project risk early warning analysis method and system based on multi-source information, comprising the following steps: dividing the dam body, flood gate and spillway areas according to the spatial dimension, extracting leakage monitoring records during the flood season, dry season and sudden weather event period, and calculating the trigger factor frequency to generate a trigger factor feature sequence. The present invention, through hierarchical division of spatial and temporal dimensions, combined with the extraction of trigger factor frequency, support and confidence analysis, makes the extraction of risk factor features more comprehensive and accurate. In the construction of a dynamic propagation path, by conducting an in-depth analysis of the spatial trajectory and temporal evolution law of the risk factor, not only the propagation path of the risk factor is clearly displayed, but also the accurate prediction of the risk diffusion area is achieved, providing a basis for the subsequent division of risk levels in the region.

The application provides a water level regulation method and system for a water conservancy hub. The method includes the following steps: collecting data by underwater robots and satellite remote sensing data simultaneously, constructing a sediment deposition space-time atlas containing a deposition gradient, and periodically correcting the space-time atlas. A radar array is deployed in the curved section of the spillway, and a multi-frequency pulse signal is used to analyze the three-dimensional sediment flow velocity field vector distribution. Through the correlation analysis of the dynamic coupling of the deposition gradient and the flow velocity field, the correlation area of the flow velocity mutation and the sediment deposition is accurately identified, and a constraint condition set containing coordinate positioning and flow-silt matching rules is established. Combined with real-time water level monitoring data, the constraint condition set is used to calculate and generate a dynamic adjustment parameter sequence of the spillway gate opening, and the water level is accurately regulated. The technical scheme provided by the application can accurately regulate the water level of the water conservancy hub by intelligently optimizing the spillway parameters, effectively alleviate the sediment deposition problem in the high-sediment water area, and ensure the safe operation and flood control efficiency of the hub.

System for a hydraulic dam (B), comprising: a deflector (1) configured to divert a water flow exiting a spillway (V) of the dam (B), relative to a principal flow direction of the water exiting the spillway (V); a catch basin (3) downstream of the deflector (1) for recovering objects carried by the water flow; and a pit (2) downstream of the deflector (1) and upstream of the catch basin (3), the pit (2) being adapted to dissipate at least some of the kinetic energy of the water flow after the water flow has been diverted by the deflector (1) and before the water flow reaches the recovery grid (3). Figure for the abstract: Fig. 1

This invention discloses a silt-retaining dam structure based on 3D printing and extrusion modules, comprising a stepped dam body, a 3D-printed protective shell, a spillway energy dissipation system, and a surface reinforcement layer. The stepped dam body is assembled from prefabricated loess-based extrusion modules using a mortise and tenon structure, with each layer dry-laid layer by layer from bottom to top in a staggered pattern, the width of each layer decreasing with increasing height. The spillway energy dissipation system is constructed by progressively narrowing and staggering the extrusion modules to create the spillway. The energy dissipation structure within the reserved space is integrally formed with the 3D-printed protective shell on the upstream slope and dam crest, without construction joints. The 3D-printed protective shell is formed on the upstream slope and dam crest using the extrusion modules as the base surface. The surface reinforcement layer is applied to the exposed surfaces of the 3D-printed protective shell and energy dissipation structure, simultaneously filling the module seams and printed micropores. This structure constructs a three-layer collaborative protection system, enabling rapid assembly, stable operation, and low-cost maintenance.

The utility model relates to the technical field of engineering machinery control, in particular to an excavation main control valve for a backhoe loader, which comprises a valve body with a hydraulic channel, and the valve body sequentially comprises an oil inlet joint, an excavation joint, a support leg joint and a tail joint which are hermetically connected in series into a whole; the excavating unit and the supporting leg unit are three-position six-way manual valves, and an electromagnetic valve is arranged on the tail unit; the number of the excavating units is four, and the number of the supporting leg units is two. Wherein the oil inlet connector is provided with an oil pump connector communicated with the hydraulic channel; the tail connector is further provided with an X connector and an oil tank connector which are communicated with the hydraulic channel; pressure regulating assemblies A used for limiting and stabilizing pressure are arranged between the hydraulic channel and the opening A and the opening B of the excavation unit, and each pressure regulating assembly A comprises an oil supplementing one-way valve A and an overload overflow valve A which are connected into a whole in parallel; in the using process, the excavating unit and the supporting rod unit complete hydraulic oil circulation through the hydraulic channel; oil pressure adjustment is conducted through the pressure adjusting assembly A, it is guaranteed that excavation movement is conducted rapidly and stably, and unified specification production is facilitated.