The invention discloses a structure synchronous unloading device and a construction method thereof. The structure synchronous unloading device comprises an upper structure column, a lower structure column, a structure beam, a gap, a bracket, a temporary fixing device and a synchronous unloading control system, wherein the gap is formed between the upper structure column and the lower structure column; the bracket is welded on the upper structure column; the upper structure column and the lower structure column are fixed through the temporary fixing device; a cushion block, an inclined cushion block, an adjusting cushion block, a hydraulic jack and a U-shaped cushion block are respectively placed on the structure beam from bottom to top; and the synchronous unloading control system comprises a hydraulic power unit, a synchronous control system and a hydraulic line. The construction method comprises the following steps: determining the size of the gap; temporarily fixing through the temporary fixing device; placing the cushion block and the like; unloading; installing the hydraulic power unit; dismantling the U-shaped cushion block; unloading in a graded way; and welding the upper structure column and the lower structure column. The structure synchronous unloading device is high in safety, low in low, little in pollution and convenient and fast in operation, a support jig frame is not used as a force transfer structure, and the long-time stress of a jack piston is avoided.